Andy is by the water.
Irregular update
First of all, genre
1, political papers
(1) Choose to find political mistakes.
② big questions
General argumentation ideas, find key sentences before and after each paragraph, and limit the scope in the middle.
2. Academic papers
Don't be afraid of not understanding. ...
Delete the example to view the text (view before the example, summarize after the example)
3. Time review
Talk about phenomena according to the article.
set an example
4. Book review and publication
1, a dream of red mansions linkage
2, literary double text:
5. News, newsletters and interviews
6. Biography
7. Report
8, popular science articles
Second, filter and integrate the information in the text.
Choose, not blindly.
Common error setting methods
1. This statement is too absolute.
Compared with the content of the text, the topic options are too absolute, "as long as ... as long as ...
2. Impose various relationships
The logical relationship between sentences includes juxtaposition, causality, condition, progression and so on. But every sentence in a paragraph (sentence group) may not have this complex sentence relationship, or it may just be an explanation and interpretation. However, the option deliberately adds a complex sentence relationship to two unrelated sentences in the original text, which leads to the error of imposing the relationship.
3. Stealing the concept
When expounding a concept or related meaning, the proposer deliberately misunderstood the object, or changed, interchanged or confused the connotations of the two concepts to confuse the candidates. Compare the original text to see if the statement object of the option is consistent with that of the original sentence.
4. generalize by partiality
Options often take the local content as the whole content, the secondary aspect as the main aspect, and one angle of things or concepts as the whole angle, individual rather than general, which makes candidates misjudge.
5. Lack of restrictive ingredients
The attributive and adverbial of a sentence modify and restrict the subject, object or predicate, while the modifier in a phrase restricts the head word. If the range, frequency, degree and other modifiers are ignored when transmitting a sentence, the meaning of the sentence will change.
Third, understand the meaning of important concepts.
Fourth, understand the meaning of important sentences.
Understand the meaning of important words
Understand the commonly used interpretation methods and functions
Understand the meaning and function of important sentences and paragraphs
Eight, analysis of arguments, arguments, demonstration methods
① display structure
1. Parallel type:
Parallel arguments: (central argument-argument 1- argument 21-argument 3- conclusion, refer to the full text)
Parallel Argument: (Introduction-Theory-Conclusion)
4. Contrast type:
Pros and cons: (put forward the central argument-positive discussion-negative discussion-conclusion)
Step by step (step by step)
(1) Decompose the central argument into several sub-arguments, and find out the relationship from shallow to deep and from simple to complex.
(2) Arrange the argument structure according to the idea of "asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems", that is, answer three questions around the central argument:
What is this?
② Why?
(3) How to do it
(3) In view of some bad social phenomena, analyze their harm, dig their roots and point out the solutions to the problems.
"Pendulum phenomenon-analysis of harm-excavation of root causes-pointing out the direction"
② Demonstration characteristics
1, demonstrate the idea:
2. Argumentation method: use ... to enhance persuasiveness.
3. Argumentation language:
① Rigidity, pertinence, practicality, typicality and persuasiveness.
② Beautiful language and various rhetoric enhance literariness and vividness.
③ Careful thinking: concession, turning, breaking and standing.
4 humor.
4. Argumentation structure
③ Demonstration method
1. Give an example
Use concrete examples to be authentic, to enhance the persuasiveness, interest and authority of the article, and to make the article easy to understand.
Take … as an example to illustrate the characteristics of …/prove the argument of ….
2. Reasoning and argumentation
Using the method of reasoning, with the incisive opinions in classic works, famous sayings from ancient and modern Chinese and foreign celebrities and recognized scientific principles and theorems.
Formulas to prove opinions can enhance the persuasiveness or literary talent of articles and make arguments more powerful or attractive.
Go through ... and combine facts with reasons to make the argument more full and literary.
3. Comparative demonstration
By comparing the opposite or different attributes of things to reveal the arguments that need to be demonstrated, so that right and wrong are clear, right and wrong are clear, impressive, and the argument is more powerful or attractive. The argument is profound and powerful.
Compare … different, highlight … characteristics; Demonstrate an argument.
4. Metaphorical argument
The truth is easy to understand, the language is vivid and easy to be accepted. Popular images are easily accepted.
5. Causality argument
Let people know the story, the story.
6. Hypothetical argument
7. cite arguments
Cite … to prove this argument.
④ Argument ideas
Total score, total score, total score, distinct levels
1① Put forward the argument at the beginning, … ② Then discuss the argument from the perspective of ….
Put forward the argument at the beginning, and then discuss the argument from the perspective of …. (3) Again ...
⑤ Demonstration
1. Identifies the type of parameter.
Factual arguments (concrete examples, summarized facts, statistics, personal experiences, etc.). ) Prove the argument in practice.
Rational argument (famous sayings, proverbs, etc.) ) Prove the argument in theory.
2. Make clear the arguments (sub-arguments) proved by various arguments, pay attention to whether the arguments correspond to the arguments, and take the facts as the center.
3. Restrictions on the use of parameters. Options are often deliberately ignored and set incorrectly.
4. Accumulate common argumentation methods, and pay attention to argumentation in the form of metaphor and analogy.