Modern Chinese Modern Chinese Modern Chinese Reading Problem Solving Method Classification Problem Solving Method Classification Problem Solving Method Classification Problem Solving Method 1. The function of a sentence in the text: 1, the beginning of the text: the opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel as foreshadowing; Below the general collar; 2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; 3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); The beginning of quotation (argumentative and narrative) Second, the role of rhetoric: 1, metaphor, personification: vivid; Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics. 2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ; Answer format: emphasis+object+feature 3. Setting questions: attracting readers' attention and thinking; Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics. Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc. 4. Contrast: emphasis ... highlights ... 5. Repeated emphasis ... emphasis tone 6. Exaggerate-highlight something or emphasize a feeling. Third, the function of sentences in the text. 1, the role of discussion in narrative? Inspire readers to think, point out the meaning of people or events, highlight the center, sublimate the theme, and play the role of making the finishing point. 2. What is the role of lyricism in narrative? Express the author's sincere and profound feelings, arouse the feelings of readers, and make the article have strong appeal. Answer: For such a topic, there is often a word or phrase in a sentence with expressions such as metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering a question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence. V. Function analysis of argumentation method: The method of ×× is adopted to demonstrate … (argumentation) to enhance the persuasiveness of the article. 6. What are the types and functions of novel environment? (1) The natural environment explains the time and place of the story and the space of the characters' activities, which sets off the emotions of the characters. (2) The social environment explains the social background and characteristics of the times, sets off the characters' personalities, promotes the plot development and reveals the theme of the article. Seven. Summary of paragraph meaning 1 Narration: Answer clearly (when and where) who does what. Format: (time+place)+people+things. 2. Description: clearly explain what the object is and what its characteristics are. Format: explanation (introduction)+explanation object+explanation content (features) Description text description text reading and answering skills 1. Type of explanatory text: things and reasons (from the content, according to the object and purpose of explanation). The general title of a descriptive article is the object of explanation; Find concluding sentences at the beginning and end of the explanation. Because the object of explanation is the thing or thing to be introduced in the article, usually a noun or noun phrase, we can start from two aspects: look at topic 2 and look at the first and last paragraphs. A description of things can only point out what is explained. The explanatory text points out the explanatory content and forms a phrase: Introduction (object plus content).

2. The language of expository writing: simple and vivid expository writing (language expression angle). 3, explanation method: generally answer three words, master several common explanation methods, will analyze the role in the text: ①. Example: explain the xx characteristics of things concretely and truly. (2) Classification: the organization clearly states the xx characteristics of things. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories to make the explanation more organized. The content of the explanation should be clear and avoid overlapping. (3) Enumeration of figures: specifically and accurately explain the xx characteristics of this thing. Make the explanation more convincing. ④ Comparison: xx characteristics (status, influence, etc. ) is highlighted. ⑤ Definition: To reveal the object/science in concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/science of things more scientifically, essentially and generally. 6. Metaphor: Metaphor is a metaphor in rhetorical methods. Vividly explain the xx characteristics of this thing and enhance the interest of the article. ⑦. Drawing charts: Let readers see at a glance, and explain the xx characteristics of things very intuitively and vividly. 8. Interpretation: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in detail to make the explanation easier to understand. The difference between definition and interpretation is that definition requires completeness, while interpretation does not require completeness. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in detail to make the explanation easier to understand. It can be reversed. 9. Imitation: A vivid description of the characteristics/facts of things, which makes the explanation more concrete and vivid. Attending doctor. Citation: It can make the explanation more specific and substantial. Explain the characteristics of things by quoting, so as to enhance persuasiveness, such as quoting ancient poems, proverbs and proverbs. At the beginning of the article, the reference description also plays the role of drawing out the description object. 4. Description sequence: time sequence (program sequence), spatial order and logical sequence. You can be more specific when answering questions. For example, spatial order (from top to bottom, from inside to outside, always to point, from outside to inside, from front to back, from left to right, from whole to part, and vice versa) and so on. ). Logical order (from first cause to later cause, step by step, from phenomenon to essence, from cause to effect, from effect to cause, from primary to secondary, from simple to profound, from individual to general, etc. Common words indicating causality and logical order, such as "because, therefore", "first and second"). Time series is to explain the development and evolution of things, such as articles introducing working procedures. Mastering the answer format: This paper uses the explanation order to make the explanation more organized and easy for readers to understand. (The first blank should be filled in with the specific order of description, and the second blank should be filled in with the specific name or description of the thing. If it is a rational exposition, but it cannot be accurately expressed, it can be expressed in vague language such as "rationality" and "science". 5. Explanatory object: refers to the main person or thing explained in the article (generally it is not necessary to answer the characteristics of the person or thing). 6. Common forms of explanatory text structure are: "total score" type (or from total score to subtotal, or from small score to subtotal, or total score), parallel type, progressive type, etc. Analyze the structure of the article and grasp the central sentences and conjunctions, such as "first", "second", "also" and "except". 7. Central sentence: the beginning or end of a position, sometimes in a sentence. Judgments are mostly sentences with strong generality. Narrative sentences, descriptive sentences, explanatory sentences and interrogative sentences are generally not suitable for central sentences. The same is true of other stylistic articles. ④ Summarize the central sentence of the paragraph. Countermeasures: (1) When thinking about this paragraph, we should not only pay attention to the main ones, but also pay attention to the secondary ones. (2) Words that closely express order, such as "first", "second" and "you", are summarized with reference to the sentence patterns of the central sentences in the upper and lower paragraphs. 8. Explain the language type of 1. What is the function of adding some words? Grasp the accuracy of the explanation and answer the questions. Countermeasures: A: It accurately/vividly explains the characteristics/reasons of things "..."

Type 2. Can I use another word to replace or delete it? And explain why. Countermeasures: A: (1) No (2) The meaning or content of the original word. (3) The meaning or content of the changed words. (4) What changes have taken place in the meaning after the change, which is not in line with reality. Type 3. Can restrictive words be deleted? Countermeasure: A: (1) statement (delete or not delete). (2) qualitative. Such as: "comparison", "almost" and "equivalent"; Estimate the number of tables such as "about", "possible" and "about". (3) If it is deleted, what will the original meaning become? It is unrealistic and too absolute. (4) The word XX embodies the accuracy, thoroughness and scientificity of language. Type 4, find a word from the article that can reflect the "accurate" characteristics of explanatory language and experience it. Type 5: reference-what do these conditions, this phenomenon and the same truth refer to in the text? Countermeasures: generally refers to the sentence before pronouns, find the nearest sentence. Sometimes it should be noted that it may not be the whole sentence, but a part. Argumentative reading and answering skills Argumentative reading and answering skills 1 Argumentative (what to prove) Argumentative should be a complete statement of the author's point of view and a complete and concise sentence in form. Judging from the full text, it will be able to control the full text. The form of expression is often a judgment sentence expressing affirmation or negation, and it is a clear statement sentence. A. grasp the argument of the article. There is only one central argument (commander-in-chief's sub-argument) (1). It is clear that there can be n sub-arguments (to supplement and prove the central argument). (2) Method (1) Find from the position: such as title, beginning, middle and end. ② Analyze the arguments of the article. (it can be used to test whether the expected argument is appropriate) 3 Abstract method (only sub-argument, no central argument) B. Analyze how the argument is put forward: 1 Summarize the argument after putting facts and reasoning; ② Cut to the chase and put forward the central argument; (3) Propose topics according to the phenomena existing in life, and summarize the central arguments through analysis and discussion; (4) Narrating the author's experience and summarizing the central argument; ⑤ The author puts forward questions from the story, then gradually analyzes and infers, and finally draws a conclusion and puts forward the central argument. 2. Argument (with what proof) (1) Argument type: (1) Fact argument (summarize after giving examples, and strictly summarize arguments); (2) argument (quote famous words to analyze). (2) The arguments should be true, reliable and typical (subject matter, country, ancient and modern, etc.). ). (3) Sequential arrangement (reference argument); (4) judging whether the argument can prove the argument; 5] Supplementary arguments (proof arguments). 3. Argumentation (how to prove it) (1) Argumentation method (must be four words) (1) Argumentation of facts and arguments (2) Argumentation of reasons (quotation and reasoning) (3) Comparative argumentation (itself can also be the argumentation of examples and reasons) (4) Metaphor argumentation metaphor is a metaphor in explanatory text. ⑵ Analysis and demonstration process: ① How the demonstration was put forward; (2) How the argument is proved (which truths and facts are used, and whether there are positive and negative analysis and reasoning); (3) Contact the structure of the full text, whether there is an abstract. (3) the completeness of the argument (a) make the argument more comprehensive and complete, and avoid misunderstanding) (4) the role of analysis and argumentation: to prove the argument in this paragraph. 4. The structure of argumentative essay ① General form: ① Introduction (asking questions)-② Theory (analyzing problems)-③ Conclusion (solving problems). ⑵ Type: ① Parallel type ② Total score formula ③ Total score formula ④ Total score formula ⑤ Progressive type. 5. The language of argumentative essay (1) is rigorous (using decorative and restrictive language); (2) Vividness (idioms, the use of various rhetorical devices); (3) Word order (from the perspective of caring for life logic and context); (4) Sentence order (the use of related words, pay special attention to the progressive relationship). 6. Refuting the reading of the paper (1) What is the wrong viewpoint that the author wants to refute? (2) How does the author refute and apply those reasons and arguments; (3) From this, what is the correct view established by the author? 7. Common test sites ①. Argument test site of argumentative paper: first, distinguish the problem discussed from the author's view on this issue (that is, distinguish the topic from the argument). Second, pay attention to the position of the argument in the article: (1) At the beginning of the article, this is the so-called writing method that comes straight to the point. (2) At the end of the article, it is the so-called induction of the full text, pointing out the topic at the end of the article and revealing the writing method of the center. This kind of writing is often used to express the argument clearly. So, in short, therefore, in short, in the final analysis, and so on. Third, distinguish between the central argument and the sub-argument: the sub-argument is generally located at the beginning of the paragraph or has iconic words: first, second, third, etc. Fourth, we should pay attention to the expression form of the argument: sometimes the topic is the central argument. An argumentative essay has only one central argument. Fifth, refute the inference point through arguments: arguments serve to prove arguments, and analyzing arguments can show what it proves, affirms and supports. This is an argument. 2. Argument test sites: Arguments are the basis of arguments, which are generally factual arguments and rational arguments. 1, use facts as arguments. Examples must be true and reliable, have typical significance, can reveal the essence of things, and have a certain logical connection with the argument. In argumentative writing, the narrative of cited examples should be concise and to the point, highlighting the parts directly related to the argument. When clarifying the argument, we should not only know where the factual argument is used in the text, but also summarize the factual argument. To summarize accurately, we must grasp the essential characteristics of the argument according to the argument and then express it in exact language. 2. The speech used as an argument should be authoritative. When quoting directly, the original text should be recorded, which can not be taken out of context after the fact test; You can't misinterpret your will when quoting indirectly. (3) Structure and hierarchy of argumentative essays: The structures include parallel structure, contrast structure, hierarchy structure and total score structure. The basic form of this test center: how does the author prove the argument? The idea of answering the question is: in order to prove the point of …, the author first uses the argument of … and then analyzes the argument of …, thus proving the point of …. The key is to clarify the level of the proof process. (4) Argumentation method of argumentative paper The examination point argumentation method refers to the process and method of using arguments to prove arguments, which is the link between arguments and logic. There are four requirements for the senior high school entrance examination: 1. Explanation: It is a method of enumerating conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument. Because "facts speak louder than words", citing hard and typical facts to prove the argument can enhance the persuasiveness of the article. 2. Reasoning and argumentation: it is a method of citing authoritative remarks to prove arguments. Therefore, this method is used properly and has strong argumentation. To analyze the function of citation method, we must first find out whose speech is quoted and what to prove, and then grasp the special function of citation method-authority and power. 3. Metaphorical argument: it is a method to prove the argument through image metaphor. This method can explain the truth in simple terms and is easily accepted by people. 4. Comparative argument: This is a way to prove the argument by comparing the positive and negative facts and reasons. By analyzing and comparing the functions of argumentation methods, comparing the two aspects, the right and wrong are more clear, and the correct view is more acceptable to readers. ü Thinking of answering questions: (1) Reasoning and argumentation to increase the authority of argumentation. (2) the factual argument, from which angle to prove the argument. (3) Metaphorical argument, or vivid image proof …, or simple explanation proof … (to be determined according to the relationship between ontology and vehicle). (4) Comparative argumentation, comparing the two aspects, making it more clear about right and wrong, and the correct view is more easily accepted by readers. ⑤. Linguistic features of argumentative writing: Analyze the linguistic features of argumentative writing: ①. Analyze the accuracy and rigor of its words from a logical point of view; ② Analyze the generality and conciseness of his narrative from the angle of reasoning; (3) Analyze the bright, vivid and emotional colors of his words from the perspective of rhetoric. Let's explain it from different angles: a, language accuracy: ① the concept is used accurately, ② the modifiers such as attributes and adverbials are appropriate. B, language rigor: rigorous judgment and reasoning, meticulous language expression and strong logic. C, the language is characterized by clear expression, no ambiguity, clear attitude, clear love and hate, proper use of rhetorical methods and special sentence patterns to enhance the vividness and persuasiveness of the language. D, the conciseness of language generalization is as follows: the facts in the argumentative paper are not detailed and general. The purpose of argumentative writing is to convince people by reasoning. It is not appropriate to describe it in detail. Otherwise, you will usurp the role of master. This point is reflected in general argumentative essays, so I won't give examples to illustrate it. Answer ideas: What's the function of adding some words? Thinking: (1) Determine and answer the (superficial) meaning of words in the context; (2) The expression center of words or the function of clarifying opinions (deep, metaphor or extension); This type of question mainly tests the accuracy, thoroughness and vividness of the language. Another example is whether the order of words can be reversed: (1) Explain the meaning of words; (2) Make clear the sequence of time or events between words and emphasize their sequence or hierarchical relationship. 6. The referent of pronouns in argumentative essays: This kind of examination questions is more common in reading of various styles. There are basically two situations: first, it needs to be summarized in context. The second is to find out what is quoted in the original text. In this case, the content of the reference generally appears before the pronoun, and can be used to replace the pronoun after being found. Read through the sentences and check whether the meaning of the sentences has changed. ⑦. Open and expand test sites: This kind of questions generally examines students' emotional experience or rational thinking after reading articles. When solving problems, we should combine the articles and give full play to the personal feelings gained in reading. Answer: It is equivalent to writing a small argumentative essay with arguments and arguments. Be sure to quote famous sayings or anecdotes from celebrities to prove your point of view or understanding. 8. The elements of critical essays in argumentative essays test sites: Answer ideas: The elements of critical essays in argumentative essays all serve the argument (different expressions have different functions, depending on the purpose of using critical essay elements). Frequently asked questions of novel and prose; frequently asked questions of novel and prose; examine the analysis structure of the questions; grasp the thinking of the article 1. Ask questions about the structure of the article (1). Ask questions about the structure of the article and paragraphs. Step by step; Parallel type; Contrast. ⑵ Ask the article clues: Pay attention to the words that appear many times in the article. (3) Ask the order of the article. The order of narration requires us to master three sequential methods: direct narration, flashback and insertion. Sequential narration refers to writing in the chronological order of occurrence, development and ending when narrating. Such as the emperor's new clothes. Flashback refers to writing what happened later in front and what happened first in the back. The flashback method tells the end of the matter first, attracting readers to be eager to understand the cause and process of the matter, and the contrast is more obvious and impressive. For example, in Zhu De's article (Remembering My Mom), flashback method is adopted, the results are written first, and then memories of my mom are drawn out. The topic is natural and attractive. Flashback method, suitable for those touching and distinctive endings, must arouse readers' interest and follow the thinking of reading and writing. Interpolation: For example, when reading Wood Carving of Antelope, paying attention to the starting and ending points of flashback and interpolation will help to find narrative clues and grasp the structure of the article. 2. Ask about the level of the article. Generally speaking, there are the following methods for structural analysis: writing articles mainly includes: (1) analyzing according to the time when things happen and develop; (2) According to the position transformation analysis of things; ⑶ Analysis by development stage. Focus on writing people's articles: (1) analyze according to the growth stage of the characters; ⑵ Analyze the characters according to their different places; (3) According to the different situations of the characters' different personality characteristics; (4) According to the change of characters' feelings. Scenery-oriented articles: (1) Observe the changes of the observation points of the scenery according to the characters, that is, spatial change analysis; (2) According to the changes of different scenes at different times, that is, time change analysis. 3. Ask for the details of the article. When selecting and using materials, the narrative should be primary and secondary, detailed and rough. Detail writing refers to the processing of articles and materials. When we write an article, after determining the topic, we should choose the composition materials around the central idea of determining the topic, and then carefully deal with these materials to make them fit in their proper places and make the best use of them. Whether the article is written well or not depends largely on the arrangement of material handling. Proper handling of materials means reasonable arrangement in structure, including weight, lightness, fineness and length. Materials written in detail and fully used must closely follow the central idea of the article in order to clearly and fully highlight the central idea. If these materials are written in detail, concretely and vividly, readers will be deeply impressed by the article. When reading the narrative, we must make clear what the article is written in detail and briefly, and understand the author's writing intention from it, so as to grasp the focus and center of the article. 4. Divide paragraphs and levels. Summarize the meaning of paragraphs and levels: (1) Divide paragraphs and levels: Pay attention to clarifying the clues of the article, which can be divided according to the logical relationship of time or space transformation, the occurrence of events, the change of content, the change of expression or the change of feelings (total score, level and parallelism); With the help of transitional paragraphs, sentences and words in the article, we should pay attention to the sequence of characters' appearance. Among them, the novel can also be divided into four links according to the plot (preface): beginning, development, climax and ending (epilogue). (2) Learn to summarize the meaning of paragraphs and levels. The following methods can be used to summarize the meaning of a paragraph and its hierarchical meaning: ① Grasp the central sentence of the paragraph. That is to say, it is summarized in words that show the author's point of view. (2) By generalization. That is to say, use the most concise words to explain the content written at all levels or combine the existing keywords in the text into sentences to summarize. ③ Summarize two or more meaningful paragraphs into a joint paragraph. In short, requirements: complete, concise and clear. What kind of thoughts and feelings does the article express? This needs to be answered according to the specific content of the article. Common ones are singing, praising, loving, admiring, moving, happy, longing, shock, missing, melancholy, faint sadness, regret, missing relatives at home, or boredom, hatred, pain, shame, guilt, hatred, sadness, grief, regret and so on. Between the lines of the article, we can see the feelings of the general author, some of them may be written more implicitly, and some of them are directly expressed. Summarize the main points of the content, summarize the theme (1) Summarize the content of the article: according to the basic elements of narration (behavior and experience) or the plot of the novel or the words and deeds of the characters or the emotional changes of the author, screen the materials and combine the answers. To do this kind of topic, we should grasp the core elements-people and things. Of course, sometimes, important time, place, character identity and the cause and effect of the event should also be reflected in the answer. At the same time, we should pay attention to whether there is a word limit on the topic. In terms of word range, we should be as detailed as possible. If the number of words exceeds, the secondary information should be deleted. Summary of the examples in this paper: (1) must contain two elements: people+things; (2) Other elements, such as time (season, year), place, environment, etc., should also be summarized if they have specific significance. The general operation idea is: 1. Summarize according to the central sentence. The concretization of the content of an article is usually manifested in narration, discussion or explanation around a certain center. So if you grasp the central sentence, you grasp the specific theme. 2. Summarize by refining the main points. In some articles, it is difficult to find the central sentence that prompts the specific content, so it is necessary to extract keywords and phrases and combine them into sentences for generalization. 3. Summarize by identifying the correlation. The specific content of any article is a whole composed of parts. Starting with the relationship between parts, that is, identifying the correlation between sentences or paragraphs, is an important way to summarize. Summarize two or more meaningful paragraphs into a joint paragraph. 4. Make an overview by taking the lead. Taking the lead is to grasp the beginning of specific content; Trailing is the end point of connecting specific content. By taking the lead in summing up, the essence of its content surfaced. 5. If you ask the general idea of a paragraph, find the central sentence and pay attention to the first and last sentences of the paragraph. Summary paragraph meaning: this paragraph (summary or concrete) is written "who-what" (or "what-how") (2) The problem of summarizing the central meaning 1, the method of summarizing the central meaning (1) Grasp the topic. The title is the "eye" of the article, and the title of the article can always convey the theme of the article explicitly or implicitly. "Praise of Poplar" (2) grasps the material in the text and directly tells the reader the central meaning. For example, One Side (3) grasps the topic sentences and key sentences that prompt the central meaning in the first and second paragraphs of the article, which are generally lyrical and argumentative sentences. For example, "Who's the cutest person" and "Pear Blossom in the Post Road" (4) summarize the central meaning through structural analysis. Connect the main ideas of each part of the article, summarize them comprehensively, and then point out the thoughts, feelings and attitudes expressed by the author. For example, "Litchi Honey" (5) starts with the background of the times, all good articles are branded with the times, and the author's writing background is analyzed. For example, Kite 2. There is a set of commonly used formats to summarize narrative texts: this paper narrates (describes) the story (deeds, processes, events and scenery) of …, expresses (reflects, praises, exposes and criticizes) the thoughts (personality, spirit and essence) of …, and expresses the author's feelings about …. . Grasp the rich connotations of important words and sentences. Think about the significance and function of important words and expressions in the language environment. (Taste comprehension question) Word question 1. Ask if you can remove a word or change the problem-solving mode of another word: a. Answer yes or no; Not ordinary, especially in the original text of the book. B. Explain the meaning of words, compare the differences between the meanings of two words, and analyze why the word should be used in combination with sentences (emphasizing or limiting the specific expression effect of explaining or modifying sentences, which expression effect is better, which can express something more vividly or appropriately) C. What changes have taken place in the context after not using or exchanging (not using, can not reflect accuracy, rigor, vividness, image or inconsistent with the facts or too absolute, but using. ) 2. Taste words: A. Analyze what rhetorical devices are used, such as metaphor and personification. If not, don't write this. Surfacial meaning and expressive effect (vividly writing the characteristics of ...) 3 Q Can you change the position of key words and sentences in the text: A.B. Words: Explain these two words respectively, Sentence: briefly summarize the contents of these two paragraphs or parts C. Words: Why are they arranged in this order (emphasizing that one of them is consistent with the previous order or conforms to the collocation habit, internal order) Sentence: Point out what the relationship between these two sentences is, so it cannot be changed (if it is explanatory, it is chronological order, spatial order order or logical order). 4. Understand the meaning of the word in the selected text and the meaning in the context: Methods: Contact the original meaning of the word, explain the meaning in the text and find out the specific content it refers to. Solution: The word "X X" originally meant …, and here it means …, playing the role of …. To answer such questions, we should pay attention to two points: ① The word may no longer have the meaning in the dictionary, but has a special meaning in a specific context. To understand the contextual meaning of words, we must first correctly understand the context in which words are located. For example, the word "Peugeot" in the article "Mr. Fujino" is really beautiful. Write a topic for the passage: (1) Look at the beginning, the end, the central sentence, the turning sentence and the repeated sentence. (2) The language requirement is concise, generally about 6 words. 6. Evaluation of narrative language: it can be evaluated from the style of the language itself; It can be judged from figures of speech (a comparative study in this respect: what kind of rhetoric is often used to answer example sentences? What is its function? This type of question is: Why are some words used well in a sentence? There are three steps to answer the question: 1. What does this word mean? Is it a range? Is it a restriction? Or estimate, etc.; Second, answer according to the content of this sentence; Third, what is the effect after adding words? If this word or sentence is good, it may be because of what rhetoric is used. Answer what rhetoric is used first, and then answer its function. If it is a metaphor or personification, you must answer "What did you write vividly?" ? ). Sentence paragraph topic 1. Understand the function of sentences and paragraphs: (consider from three aspects) Analysis of the function of sentences in structure: (1) Structurally, it often plays the following roles: a to context: connecting the preceding with the following; The full text of the general manager; Summarize the above b to the following: cause the following, pave the way, pave the way; C to the above (or full text): refer to the above, echo from beginning to end, and summarize the above (or full text); ⑵ In writing techniques, there are many characteristics: A starts with a topic, B sets the stage for the following article, C sets the stage, D deepens the center, E points out the theme (the finishing touch) F, sets off G, echoes H, refers to I, is better than J, symbolizes K first, then promotes, and L has a predictive function. (3) From the content (symbolic meaning, figurative meaning, character's ideological character, full text's ideological meaning), we should adopt it. thank you