First, the basic structure of the demonstration level
Summary: ask the question (what is it) → this theory: analyze the question (why) → conclusion: solve the problem (how to do it).
Second, several common structures of argumentative essays
1. Total formula: including Total-Subtotal formula, Subtotal formula and Total-Subtotal formula.
2. Contrast (comparison) type: that is, compare one thing (meaning and viewpoint) with another thing to highlight the correctness of one thing (meaning and viewpoint), and often use positive and negative contrast.
Step by step: that is, the relationship between several arguments is advanced step by step.
4. Parallel structure: also known as parallel structure, that is, the relationship between several arguments is arranged in parallel on an equal footing.
Third, the specific structural model of writing
& lt 1 & gt； Total score formula
First put forward your own point of view, that is, argument, then analyze and demonstrate, and finally draw a conclusion. This structure is discussed in the order of putting forward problems and analyzing problems (such as causes and hazards). ) and solve problems.
Example: say "think":
1. Learning to use your head is a very important question (asking questions);
2. Doing a good job in study, work and scientific research requires more brains (analyzing problems);
3. Develop the habit of thinking more (solving problems).
Example: Listen to the answers to life (topic: The answers are colorful)
When you are frustrated, do you complain about the injustice of fate?
When you encounter setbacks, do you feel that life is hard and stagnant?
Friend, you don't have to do this. Looking at life from another angle, you will find that life is so colorful. Life is like colorful light, both bright orange and heavy blue. As long as you face it frankly, they will also decorate your wonderful life. My friend, please listen to the answer that life gives us.
Walking by the lake at dusk, you will find anglers smiling, carrying fishing rods and handing empty fish barrels. Maybe you will be surprised why their smiles are so bright. Oh, please don't be surprised. They will tell you that they are enjoying life. The angler's heart is not fishing, but fishing. They forget all the worldly troubles here, return to nature and exile themselves here. My friend, when you look at the sunset and the red sunset glow shining in the golden lake, when you look at the fisherman's distant back, will you still complain about the injustice of life?
"Life is beautiful, you should learn to find it!" This is the life answer given by anglers.
Friend, when you go out in the morning and breathe the air without any impurities, will you feel that the new day is so beautiful? A sanitation worker is sweeping the floor in the distance. Do you despise her? No, please don't despise her. She devoted her life. Seeing the clean road, she will smile, and she will feel the return of life. Friend, try to liberate yourself from the narrow space and feel every tiny greatness with your body and mind. You will find that when you pay for your life, you will be extremely happy, which is incomparable to anything in the world.
"Life is beautiful, you have to learn to pay!" This is the life answer given to us by sanitation workers.
My friend, the answers to life are so colorful. Don't complain, don't get lost. As long as you feel it with your heart, as long as you treat life with another attitude, sunny and gloomy is also a kind of scenery. Sweet and sour, the same is the general taste. Remember, life is like sprinkling salt on a candle and giving off seven colors of fire.
The answer to life is so colorful, my friend, I hope you can hold up your own sky in life.
& lt2> parallel connection
note:
1. The central argument is usually placed at the end of the first paragraph. If the sentence is long, you can also put a separate paragraph (the second paragraph); Sub-arguments are usually placed at the beginning of each paragraph.
2. The language of sub-arguments should be concise and generally controlled within 15 words.
3. An argumentative essay should have at least two sub-arguments, preferably three or four.
4. The structure of sub-argument sentences should be consistent, so that the middle paragraphs constitute parallel or quasi-parallel paragraphs.
5. The statement of sub-arguments should be as close as possible to the key words of the topic (topic) to ensure that each paragraph will be deducted.
Example: say "thinking"
Develop the habit of thinking more (general argument)
Think more to learn knowledge (parallel argument 1);
Think more before you can invent (parallel argument 2);
The more you think, the more you use your brain (and point out argument 3).
Example: nobility needs no reason (title: unexpected rationality, national volume 1, 2005)
Crossing the starry sky of history, I am often surprised to see many amazing moves. Then I meditated, and I was surprised by an eternal truth: nobility needs no reason. Only a noble mind can make unexpected choices, which is reasonable. This is not an accident, it is inevitable.
Thousands of years of Huqu, pipa sound spread all over the post road.
Terrible news came from the palace. The emperor wants to choose maids to kiss the conference semifinals. The other ladies-in-waiting were frightened, but Wang Zhaojun was in no hurry. A few days later, the imperial edict announced the list of maids. Wang Zhaojun was not sad or helpless, only determined, so he boarded the plane gladly. Along the way, the melodious pipa of Zhaojun was broadcast.
Many people are surprised. Who wants to leave the place where the sun, moon and stars are gentle in the Han Dynasty?
However, nobility needs no reason. Wang Zhaojun has a picture in his heart: under the big tree, the people are laughing and living in peace and contentment. It is not surprising that her noble quality determines her unexpected choice.
A hundred-year footprint, a wonderful chapter in life.
On the land of northern Xinjiang, Lin Zexu and his men walked. He waited for a year after being removed from his post, during which he became seriously ill several times. What he finally got was a piece of paper exiled to Xinjiang. He endured the ups and downs of grief. After arriving in Yili, he reclaimed land and built water conservancy projects, and erected another immortal monument in the hearts of the people.
The surprised man said, Lin Zexu, why bother! It is still a single-minded person who is treated like this.
However, nobility needs no reason. "The country lives and dies, is every cloud has a silver lining avoiding it?" This sentence has doomed your life, even if you are exiled, it is still wonderful.
Amazing kneeling, never give in to the temptation of forgetting.
199765438+On February 7th, it was drizzling in Warsaw, Poland, and a group of strangers came. They stopped at the monument, but stood for a long time. One of them suddenly knelt down. He is German Federal Chancellor Brandt. This kind of kneeling transcends diplomatic etiquette and opens the door to friendly exchanges between Germany and other countries in the world.
Don't be surprised, only those who are ashamed will have this amazing kneeling. Only those who face up to history will know how to bear it, and only then will they have noble quality. Only then will they have this amazing kneeling: nobility needs no reason.
Speaking of the deeds of these people, you may be surprised and surprised. However, after meditation, you will understand that nobility needs no reason.
Only those who dare to surprise can stay in Zhan Zhan's history forever, and it always makes sense, and this is the ordinary and great place in our human history. (it belongs to the parallel argument)
Description: Take care of the topic at the beginning and put forward the center of the article: "Nobleness needs no reason". Then the three arguments are juxtaposed in the form of subtitles. There is no argument, but through the analysis and discussion of three stories, the purpose of getting to the point is achieved. When the argument is sufficient and difficult to decompose, you may wish to learn from it.
Example: Commemoration (2005 Guangdong College Entrance Examination Full Score Composition, Title: Commemoration)
The bits and pieces of history are like sand shells scattered on the vast beach. We passed by quietly, greedily looked at these glittering and precious treasures, and sometimes picked up one or two shells that touched our hearts and collected them with love and gratitude as a souvenir.
There is a shell on the beach that has experienced vicissitudes, which is the story of the Jewish nation. When forced to be displaced and homeless in World War II, Jews still held the hope of revival. They never give up and never compromise. They stick to their faith and pass on their courage, because they have a belief-from wailing wall. Wailing wall, which has experienced historical vicissitudes, records the sufferings and past, glory and dreams of the nation. Every Jew will come to wailing wall at some point to commemorate his predecessors. It is this commemorative mood that keeps this nation confident and patient, and makes them stand high on the horizon again.
There is a shining shell on the beach, which is Madame Curie's nostalgia for the nation. Madame Curie was poor all her life and left the motherland when she was young. After years of unremitting pursuit in the field of science, she finally extracted the radioactive element polonium from the metal. She knew that this element would bring her countless honors, and she, the grateful scientist, immediately thought of naming this element with "Po" to commemorate her motherland Poland. Perhaps it was this moment that kept Madame Curie working tirelessly. Later, she refined radium and became one of the few women who won the Nobel Prize twice.
There is a grateful shell on the beach, which is the "grass" in the heart of writer San Mao. Sanmao was once confused and helpless when she was studying in a different place. At this time, a strange classmate gave her an ordinary grass to encourage her to refuel. San Mao's heart was very touched. She wrote in "Someone gave me a grass": "The grass will wither, and I don't know how to commemorate this classmate who has disappeared. I can only pass on this helping heart and this grateful heart to help more people. " Sanmao did it with practical actions. She touched and moistened the readers' hearts with delicate words and sincere feelings. This is her way of commemorating.
Some people collect different samples from various sections of the Yellow River to commemorate their ancestors who created splendid China culture. Some people are wandering outside, still carrying dirt with them to commemorate their motherland; And we, in Tomb-Sweeping Day, will always remember those martyrs who gave their lives for our happiness with our thoughts. With a sense of gratitude and a belief, I picked up a few shells on the beach, treasured them in my body, remembered the history, and made preparations for creating the future in my heart. (Arguments tied)
& lt3> step by step formula
It is used to prove that the relationship between several levels of views is gradual and in-depth. Its characteristics are: asking questions-analyzing problems-solving problems, that is, the framework of "what to do-why to do it".
Mode: pendulum phenomenon-analyzing essence-pointing out harm-finding reasons
Example: say "think":
1. "Thinking" means advocating thinking (what is it);
2. The importance of "diligent thinking" (why);
3. Be "thoughtful" (how).
Example: turning point (2003 Beijing college entrance examination full score article)
In our life, many things are getting better and better because of the turning point.
A book is wonderful because of its turning point. Scarlett, the heroine in Gone with the Wind, has changed from a delicate girl to a tough, really beautiful and sonorous rose because of the changes of the times and the blood of self-esteem in her body. This transformation is real and wonderful, and this turning point makes Gone with the Wind an unforgettable classic. In Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff, the hero, has changed from a simple teenager to a vengeful demon who is dehumanized by love. The tragedy caused by love is thrilling because this turning point came suddenly and wonderfully. This sudden change in human nature highlights the deep imprint of love in his heart. There are even unexpected decisive turning points at the end, such as Hitchcock and O 'Henry, which contain infinite charm. I think the turning point of these works, whether beautiful or stunning or gloomy, will maximize the understanding of the author's intentions and get thinking, which is undoubtedly wonderful.
The turning points in literary works are mostly fictional, while the turning points in life are real, some are painful, but they are a cornerstone for casting the miracle of life. Sima Qian wrote in Historical Records: "King Wen was arrested and wrote in Zhouyi, while Zhong Niou wrote Chunqiu, and Sun Tzu tiptoed to revise Sun Tzu's Art of War; Zuo Qiu is blind and has "Mandarin"; Han Fei imprisoned Qin, "Inexplicable" and "Lonely Anger" ... "Many sages experienced more life after experiencing such a painful turning point, thus relying on amazing vitality to continue their will to live, and