As a form of social life organization based on marriage and consanguinity, the files formed by families or families are called family files. Specifically, family files are all kinds of materials, such as diaries, letters, manuscripts, photos, audio tapes, video tapes, certificates, credentials and so on. It is recorded and kept for future reference by family or family members in the process of engaging in family affairs and certain social activities. (1) Family files are historical records of family activities, and people don't make them up at will. In daily life and social activities, family members often form a certain number of files, which truly describe the activities at that time. If there is no activity, the file will not be recorded, even if the parties make up evidence at will to deal with an event in the future, because it can't stand all kinds of tests, this behavior is futile, and false evidence can't be used as evidence and reference for the original record of the file. For example, when signing a contract for the sale of goods, both parties have fulfilled the legal signing procedures in accordance with the relevant regulations, and this sales contract will be recorded as their own files.
(2) Family files are transformed from valuable household documents, that is to say, household documents must have preservation value, which can only be called family files after sorting and preservation. Because: first, there is no need to organize and save them all without choosing whether they are useful or not; Secondly, housework documents and materials are generally scattered pages, which are easily bitten by insects and rats and mechanically worn. If you don't pay attention, you lose it. Therefore, we emphasize that family files should keep valuable and processed housework documents.
(3) Family files are rich in content and diverse in forms. Family files are not limited to words and charts, but also valuable audio-visual materials should be collected, sorted and preserved in time, otherwise it will be difficult to reflect the historical panorama of family activities. Because the family, the cell that constitutes society, always exists independently from society, the content and form of family files will be enriched and improved with the progress of society. Property file
Popularize knowledge of family archives.
Including household income and expenditure accounts, certificates of deposit, stocks and other investment transaction cards, securities, payslips, water and electricity expenditure records, insurance vouchers, IOUs, contracts, lists of valuables, invoices, etc.
Certificate file
Including real estate license, birth certificate, student ID card, graduation certificate, degree certificate, work permit, marriage certificate, ID card, household registration book, library card, professional title qualification certificate, letter of appointment, one-child certificate and technical qualification certificate.
Instruction file
Including instructions, warranty cards, maintenance orders, circuit diagrams, maintenance point addresses, contact numbers, etc. All kinds of household appliances.
Photographs, audio-visual documents
Including photos of family members in various periods, videos, CDs, computer floppy disks and other materials formed by weddings, birthday celebrations, travel, parties and entertainment activities.
Health records/documents
Including medical records, diagnosis books, medical cards, C T examination results and films, electrocardiogram, laboratory sheets, physical examination forms, blood group reports, hospitalization records, vaccination and drug allergy records, family members' accidental injury records, hospital prescriptions, dietary taboos, etc.
Friendship document
Including addresses and telephone numbers of relatives and friends, lists of classmates and teachers, lists of colleagues, letters, greeting cards, etc.
Resume file
Including family birthdays, wedding anniversaries, enrollment dates, joining the League, joining the Party, applying for a job, promotion and moving, autobiography, resume, diary, awards, medals, various test transcripts, etc. Can also include personal hobbies, collections, etc. , such as calligraphy and painting works, academic papers, monographs, articles and works published in various newspapers and periodicals, inscriptions by celebrities and friends, stamp seals and other philatelic products, collections of various works of art, books and newspapers, etc. In Chinese
The establishment and management of historical family archives has a long history in China. According to the Preface to Historical Records, Wei San is still young, and his age cannot be tested. These genealogies, which record the lineage of emperors and generals, are actually family files with relatively simple contents.
As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to safeguard its ruling interests and record its own achievements, the Zhou Dynasty paid great attention to the preservation of genealogy archives, who recorded the lineage of the Zhou royal family. They recorded these files as originals and copies respectively, and the copies were kept for daily use, while the originals were sent to the well-built ancestral temple for preservation. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the rulers paid more attention to the establishment and management of genealogical files, because genealogical files were necessary for selecting officials (Volume 17 of Zhao Yi's Yu Cong Kao), that is, genealogical files became a necessary condition for selecting officials by the gentry. In order to maintain their privileges and prevent Shu Ren from carrying on the family line, they were used to record their lineage. In order to meet this need, there were genealogists who specialized in genealogy and passed it on from generation to generation. The contents of genealogy work are widely collected, written and kept at home for future elections or reference. Genealogy of Surnames was written in Taiyuan, Jinyuan and handed down from generation to generation under the name of Jia's Genealogy, which was the most famous genealogy work at that time. In this way, studying and compiling genealogy archives's genealogy became a tool for landlords and bureaucrats to keep the door open, and the establishment and management of genealogy archives had a great development.
In ancient China, imperial dynasties and official businessmen (collectively referred to as businessmen) used archives to record their political achievements, praise their ancestors' kindness, compile historical records and safeguard the interests of the ruling class. Although they were reactionary, the genealogy archives they established left valuable historical materials for future generations to research history. The genealogy of Yueyang, Hunan, Meng's branch in Qing 'an, Heilongjiang, Yue's family in Xun County, Henan Province, Li Xiucheng, a loyal monarch of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and Sun Yat-sen's family tree in Ningdu, Jiangxi Province consists of six volumes. Judging from the content and composition of these genealogy files, most of them are divided into more than 30 chapters, such as hereditary, ritual, serial number, poetry praise, forest temple records, mountains and rivers records, historical records, origin records and chronology. Style is divided into preface, example, recording, biography, examination, recording, family rules, family rules, charts and so on. These relatively simple family files provide practical and precious evidence for us to study the long history of the Chinese nation. It can be seen that the establishment and management of family files in China began in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was a period of great development. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the landlord class was still compiling genealogy.
Foreign situation
Many countries in the world have a long history of establishing and managing family files. In a sense, royal archives in ancient Greece can prove this point. With the rise of the French bourgeois revolutionary movement, more and more people use private files to manage enterprises and handle their own government activities, so the establishment and management of family files has entered a new stage. In modern times, in countries with developed productive forces and high scientific and technological level, the management of family files has received considerable attention. This is because archives are the original records of history, which can guide work and life, sum up experiences and lessons, and have strong vouchers and reference functions.
In France, the United States, Italy and other countries, there are a considerable number of family files and other private files. According to the survey of American Archivists Association 1975, the number of private enterprise files in this country is increasing, and some large enterprises have established their own files, such as Boeing Aircraft Company, Western Electric Company, Rockefeller Foundation, Bank of America and Ford Motor Company. In this way, in these countries, the management of private files is more perfect. After doing a good job of collecting family files, you can start sorting, cataloging and archiving. All kinds of data collected together, if not catalogued, are still in a disorderly state, which is not convenient for long-term preservation and search and utilization. Therefore, they should be combined into several storage units in chronological order, and then boxed (bagged), numbered and registered, so as to be called the real family file.
The traditional sorting method is to bundle paper materials into rolls with threads, but it is not easy for people without professional training to do it, and they may get bored for fear of trouble. In addition, it is easy to damage the original, and the family files are complex, and the paper sizes are different, so it is difficult to bind neatly. So there is no need for binding, and it can be directly packed in a file box (bag). For example, fragmentary bills can be pasted on blank paper, numbered and put into paper bags. Indicate what is in the box (bag) on the cover or back, then number each box (bag) according to the arrangement order, and finally register it uniformly to form a general catalogue. If there are many files in the file box (bag), it is best to divide them into small categories, put them into envelopes or other small bags, and register them in numbers on each small bag, indicating the contents, so as to form a subdirectory in each box (bag) for easy searching.
The arrangement of photo files can be numbered according to the order of the original family album, and it is best to classify according to the content. Write the content and shooting time of photos in each album on the cover or back of the album. The photos in the album should be numbered and marked with the shooting time, place, person and content, which can be written on the back of the photo with a pen or on the small card where the photo is inserted. Photo negatives are generally kept in the negative book, and each negative has a number, which can be checked with the corresponding photos. You can also put the film in a film bag, or put it in a cassette, and the coded numbers are arranged in an iron box or a steel lunch box, which is better sealed and less prone to moisture.
Family files are not as strict as archives (rooms) in terms of fittings, and fittings can be selected in an eclectic way according to specific conditions, but no matter what fittings are used, two principles must be mastered: First, the original files should not be damaged; Second, it is easy to find and use, otherwise it will lose the meaning of family filing. Where should the repackaged family files be kept? You can choose the storage location according to family conditions. After the family files are sorted out, the best way to keep them is to put them in a special cabinet according to the number, and then put camphor blocks on them, so as to prevent insects from eating. If the conditions do not permit, it can be scattered, and the exact location should be indicated, but at least it should not be mixed with food, especially in damp or direct sunlight, otherwise the documents will be moldy, the paper will be fragile and the handwriting will fade. Audio-visual tapes, optical (magnetic) disks and other magnetic materials should be kept away from objects with magnetic fields. After determining the storage location of family files, you should also remember to "return them to their original owners" after each use to avoid difficulties in finding them.
If you have a computer at home, you can input the compiled family file retrieval catalogue or important text materials into the computer, and at the same time, for safety reasons, important documents and materials should be backed up and saved. In the increasingly colorful family life in modern times, there are still many new spaces and fields, which will also produce new categories and new carriers of archives. Therefore, you can establish your own family-specific files according to different hobbies and value orientations. Part of the wealth of social archives
As a social cell, family files not only comprehensively record a family's social practice and family affairs activities, but also truly reflect the historical features of the whole society and local areas. This kind of miniature file is a rare material for studying the historical situation of this region, making the social and economic development plan of this region and compiling local chronicles. Family files called by township entrepreneurs, private entrepreneurs and ordinary people can be used as typical materials for studying and comparing urban and rural economic development and social outlook.
First-hand information on production, management, scientific research, etc.
Many scientists, writers, artists, social activists and political activists attach great importance to the accumulation and utilization of family files. The creation of many works by Lu Xun, the publication of Zhang Jian's diary, and the publication of Chen Yi's poems have to say that a lot of materials are due to family files.
Many professional scientific households in rural areas have formed a variety of observation records, raw material formulas, pest control and other archives in scientific breeding and diversified business activities, which have created huge economic benefits and played a positive role for them. For example, Lai Guangming, a 60-year-old farmer in Dongguan County, Guangdong Province, has accumulated a lot of archives in the past ten years since 197 1 participated in the activities of agricultural science groups in the village, including duckweed stocking records, agrometeorological records, rice field pest records, fertilizer and water management during rice growth, etc. His file is of great reference value. 1983, in order to study and solve the problem of rice seed rot caused by the once-in-a-century continuous rainy weather, the county party secretary borrowed the archives accumulated by Lai Guangming and referred to other archives, and made up his mind on the date of early rice transplanting and rice planting area, and made the best scheme choice for timely sowing and transplanting. As a result, the county had a bumper harvest that year. Although Lai Guangming didn't go to agricultural college, he became a famous farmer soil expert in that area by accumulating files, reading books and practicing farming.
An important basis for implementing policies and handling disputes
The voucher function of family files is determined by its characteristics, because it is the true historical record of family activities. This kind of family activities are always carried out within a certain time and scope. With the passage of time and the development of society, the situation of family members will change, which is understandable. To solve these problems or contradictions, we need to understand the vertical and horizontal relationship between history and present situation, that is to say, we must use files to confirm the facts, so that the problems can be solved promptly and accurately. As the saying goes, it is difficult to go to court and housework. One of the reasons is that in family disputes, the parties are mostly empty words and can't come up with solid evidence in black and white. For example, in real life, after brothers separated for many years, there were disputes over the distribution of family property, some quarreled and some caused lawsuits. If we pay attention to the construction of family files and keep the property distribution list when brothers separate, the above disputes will not happen. Even if there is controversy, it will not embarrass officials.
A right-hand man in the daily life of the family
With the rapid development of social production and science and technology, people's living standards are constantly improving, and various electrical appliances have become everyone's life partners. In order to use and maintain these household appliances correctly in the future, it is necessary to file relevant drawings, instruction manuals, warranty sheets, etc. Otherwise, once there is any fault, it will bring a lot of inconvenience to family life and cause certain losses. The same is true when people collect and sort out information such as family health care. The health status, physical examination and medication of each family member are recorded in the book, which can be used as a reference for doctors to diagnose and treat diseases in time in the future. Yao Nianjiu, a famous expert in children's education in China and vice president of Shanghai Children's Hospital, attaches great importance to the establishment and research of his family files. After the publication of "Baby Diary" and "Cultivation of 0-3-year-old infants" compiled by her according to her accumulated information, she was well received by young parents. When the child got married, she also gave her son and daughter-in-law three precious gifts that she had accumulated for many years: an album, a baby record and a study record. These three gifts record her son's growth and are priceless to him.
An important part of leisure culture
Educate family members, especially children, with family history, autobiography and memoirs. In holidays or other free time, browsing family diaries, works and photo albums can also cultivate sentiment and gain a kind of spiritual relaxation and leisure. Family files truly record some experiences of elders in family affairs and social practice activities. Even after their death, the younger generation can still see their photos and handwriting and hear their voices, which can be said to be full of people.
Publicity slogan for filing family files
Establish family files and inherit social civilization.
It's convenient for you, me and him to file at home.
Family files are an effective carrier for spreading spiritual civilization.
Family files are the right-hand man in family life.
Family files are vivid materials for family education.
Family files are an important part of family culture.
Family files are legal documents to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of family members.
Record the history of family life and improve the taste of family culture.
Establish family files, cultivate family virtues and establish a good family style.
Make good use of family files to solve your problems.
Vigorously advocate the establishment of family files and improve the construction of citizens' spiritual civilization.
Family files help you achieve your career and improve your life.
Family files serve as a link between the past and the future.
The activity of "letting files enter the family" is a good thing for the people. A theme exhibition of family archives was held on the street, and propaganda banners hung in the air. On-site exhibition of family file pictures, typical family files, "housekeeping files" and other equipment, file collection and family file consultation, so that the public can understand the relationship between files and daily life. It plays a very good role in improving the public's understanding of family files.