Academic paper

The definition of GB 7713-87 is:? Dissertation is an academic paper that shows that the author has made creative achievements or gained new insights in scientific research, and is written with this as the content and used as an evaluation when applying for the corresponding degree? . Dissertations are divided into bachelor's dissertations, master's dissertations and doctoral dissertations.

Dissertation is different from general academic theory. In order to explain the author's knowledge and research ability, the dissertation will generally introduce the research history, present situation, research methods and process of his own topic in detail. However, most general academic papers come straight to the point and list the topic background in the form of notes or references. In this paper, some specific calculation or experiment processes are introduced in detail, while academic papers only need to give the main processes and results of calculation or experiment. Dissertations emphasize the systematicness of articles, while academic papers publish research results and emphasize the academic and application value of articles.

1/ bachelor's degree thesis

The bachelor's degree thesis should show that the author has mastered the basic theory, professional knowledge and basic skills of the subject, and has the preliminary ability to engage in scientific research or undertake professional and technical work, and should show that the author has the ability to ask questions, analyze problems and solve problems. The length of a bachelor's thesis is generally 0.6 ~ 20 thousand words. Bachelor's degree thesis is to sort out, analyze, select and perfect all the materials involved in the topic selection, and then form its own argument, so as to make the central argument clear, the argument substantial and the argument rigorous. When writing a dissertation, you can also learn from the previous research ideas and methods, or even repeat the previous research work, but you must have your own conclusions or opinions. The format of bachelor's degree thesis is generally written according to the format of academic thesis. The topic selection of undergraduate thesis can be considered from the following aspects:

1. You can choose innovative research content as the topic (give new proofs and explanations to some theorems and propositions; Through experiments and research, some new laws and results have been found. This kind of topic selection is more difficult).

2. On the basis of previous studies, the topic can be selected from the perspective of development and improvement (some conclusions and achievements in published papers or textbooks can be modified, improved, popularized, deepened and improved).

3. adoption? Transplant? Methods Selecting the topic (using theories, research ideas, methods and experimental techniques of different disciplines to solve related problems of another discipline).

4. Discuss different academic viewpoints as the theme of this paper.

5. Applying what you have learned to solve practical problems is the theme of this paper. 6. Summarize and comment on related disciplines, fields or research topics as the topic of the paper.

2/ Master's degree thesis

The State Council Academic Degrees Committee clearly requires that the master's degree thesis should be completed by graduate students under the guidance of their tutors, which has its own new ideas and a certain amount of work. It can be seen that the master's degree thesis only requires improvement and innovation in some aspects, that is, new opinions. The master's degree thesis should show that the author has mastered the solid basic theory and systematic professional knowledge of the subject, has new views on the research topic, and has the ability to independently engage in scientific research or undertake specialized technical work. The length of master's degree thesis is generally not limited. However, the following papers cannot be regarded as new ideas and can not be used as master's degree papers.

1. Only solves practical problems without theoretical analysis;

2. Only using computer to calculate has no practical proof and theoretical significance;

3. The workload of the experiment is relatively large, but only the whole process of the experiment is explored and the experiment is summarized, and there is no positive conclusion;

4. Repeating previous experiments or experiments with little design workload, the conclusion is obvious, or only a few experiments have been done, and some opinions and inferences have been hastily put forward;

5. Summarize the article.

3 doctoral thesis

The doctoral thesis should show that the author has mastered the solid and extensive basic theory and systematic and in-depth professional knowledge of the subject, has the ability to engage in scientific research independently, and has made creative achievements in science and special technology. Doctoral thesis should be systematic and creative. Doctoral thesis should be an independent work, with its own system. The research history and present situation, preliminary knowledge, experimental design and equipment, theoretical analysis and calculation, economic benefits and examples, remaining problems and prospects, references and appendices constitute a system. The creativity of doctoral thesis is measured in the following ways:

1. Discover valuable new phenomena and laws and establish new theories.

2. Design new creations and breakthroughs in experimental technology.

3. Put forward new technologies and methods with a certain scientific level, and achieve remarkable economic benefits in production.

4. Creative use of existing knowledge and theory to solve key engineering problems that have not been solved by predecessors. The structure of doctoral dissertations is the chapter form of books, and each chapter can be written in the format of general academic papers. The abstract of a doctoral thesis should generally not exceed 6000 words. A.D. Robert, an American scholar, believes that a doctoral thesis should include its own original materials (whether published or not). Doctoral thesis is a summary and comment on years of research and papers.

4 Special research papers

Thematic research refers to the study of a particular topic. The monograph is a theoretical analysis and summary of his creative scientific research achievements. Special research papers are different from scientific and technological reports and academic papers. Scientific and technological reports focus on process records; Academic papers mainly reflect creative achievements and theoretical and academic nature. Generally speaking, special research papers are somewhere in between.

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