Inspired by Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, Darwin praised it and called it "The Encyclopedia of China published in 1596". In other words, Darwin did not think that the value of Compendium of Materia Medica was limited to pharmacology or medicine, but an encyclopedia. In the process of studying the theory of evolution, Darwin wrote a very important article, Variation of Animals and Plants in Domestic Environment. He studies evolution, so he will study the evolution, degradation and variation of all wild animals and plants. This is a classic paper. In this article, he cited seven kinds of chickens collected by Li Shizhen. Li Shizhen listed all kinds of chickens at that time in Compendium of Materia Medica, and talked about the differences between them. Therefore, the information collected by Li Shizhen in Compendium of Materia Medica has greatly influenced and inspired such a great scientific master as Darwin.