Enterprise management supply chain management 1
The competition of modern enterprises is the competition between supply chain management. Based on the basic content of supply chain management, this paper aims at realizing the integration of supply chain management, shortening product cycle, responding to changes in market demand quickly, increasing the effective application of e-commerce, reducing costs, and thus enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises.
Enterprise management; Supply chain management
First, the basic meaning of supply chain management
The development of computer network promotes the globalization and networking of enterprises.
The acceleration of economic globalization urges enterprises to seek new management models to adapt to economic globalization.
The procurement, production and sales in the traditional enterprise organization seem to be integrated, but it lacks a systematic and comprehensive enterprise operation mode, which has been unable to meet the needs of the development of new manufacturing mode, and the backward and closed management system can not even meet the social development needs of network competition.
What is supply chain management in modern new environment? At present, there is no unified conclusion and definition.
Evens thinks: Supply chain management is a management mode that connects suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and end users into a whole through feedforward information flow and feedback logistics and information flow. .
Philip believes that supply chain management is not another name for supplier management, but a new management strategy, which integrates different enterprises to increase the efficiency of the whole supply chain and pays attention to cooperation between enterprises. [ 1]
Second, the integration of supply chain management
The concept of modern supply chain is different from the traditional sales chain. Modern supply chain is a management method system. It is a functional network chain structure around core enterprises, from purchasing raw materials to making intermediate products and final products, and finally delivering products to end users through sales network, connecting suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and end users as a whole.
[2] Therefore, the center of supply chain management is the information control center, which organizes and coordinates all nodes.
First of all, the supply chain is cross-industry and cross-department, involving all activities of supplying a product to the final consumers, so supply chain management needs a close information flow centered on market consumers.
That is to say, in the process of delivery from retailers to upstream, node enterprises in the * * * chain are required to enjoy order demand information, inventory status, capacity plan, production schedule, sales plan, demand forecast and logistics distribution plan, and enjoy * * * resources with the help of e-commerce platform.
All links in the supply chain should cooperate closely and work together to synchronize production and sales; Secondly, the competitive strength of modern supply chain depends on the weakest link in the chain, which is what people often say? Kanekin's law? .
The quantity of barrel water is determined by the shortest barrel. Therefore, all nodes in the supply chain, including the joining node enterprises and all links within the enterprises, must pay attention to the coordination and cooperation of their corresponding connection points, advance and retreat and develop, so as to optimize the operation of various functions (procurement, production, distribution, sales, logistics, etc.). ); Secondly, the organizations in the supply chain must be closely linked, the communication channels between supply chain partners must be smooth, and we must work together for the same goal, otherwise the integrated operation mode of the supply chain will not run smoothly and cannot be realized.
Third, the main methods of supply chain management
(A) shorten the product cycle
Under the premise of integrated operation mode of supply chain, shortening product cycle, responding to market demand changes quickly, reducing costs, improving service quality and level, improving efficiency, and increasing the effective application and systematic operation mode of e-commerce are important methods of enterprise supply chain management at present.
Modern consumers not only demand diversification of product styles, but also the rapid change of their needs is amazing.
In order to meet the needs of reality, we should not only reduce the inventory of products at the end of circulation as much as possible, but also realize a small amount of production of various varieties at the production site, such as CTO mode.
In addition, the newly born e-era group is particularly fond of the new and hates the old, which makes the product life cycle shorter and shorter.
The product cycle here refers to a series of processes of new products from R&D and design, receiving orders, purchasing, production, testing, packaging, transportation, sales to end users, and even to the end of product life.
Therefore, shortening the product cycle involves all aspects of the entire supply chain and requires the attention and distribution of various functional departments. Seamless information flow is particularly important here.
The research and development of new products should start from the needs of customers and aim at maximizing the value of customer needs; To design and serve products according to market demand, in order to win customers and win the market, we must first establish a good relationship with customers, let customers participate in product scheme design, understand the product manufacturing process, listen to customers' voices, meet customers' needs, and let our designed products become the products that customers expect as soon as they come out of the oven.
It not only saves manpower and material resources, reduces the cost, but also shortens the product cycle and maximizes customer value.
(2) Respond quickly to changes in market demand and improve the effective application of e-commerce.
Taobao and Oriental Mall are the best successful cases of rapidly responding to changes in market demand and increasing the application of e-commerce and systematic operation mode.
From an economic point of view, market demand refers to the total purchase amount of a customer in a certain region, a certain time, a certain marketing environment and a certain marketing plan.
Market demand is the basis of all marketing work.
The market demand is changing rapidly. If we can't correctly analyze and grasp the market demand and respond quickly, enterprises will lose their way, miss the opportunity and lose their competitiveness.
The core essence of modern supply chain management is effective communication and cooperation through the network of customers and suppliers.
The importance of e-commerce to manufacturing and distribution is undoubtedly advanced supply chain management.
In order to improve productivity, reduce costs and enhance customer service, we must strengthen the effective application of e-commerce means.
E-commerce is a way of buying and selling by using the most advanced information technology.
With the development of Internet, the e-commerce marketing of enterprises in China is gradually emerging.
Around 1994, four ISPs (Internet service providers (CERNET, CSNET, GBNET and CHINANET) were approved by the China Municipal Government, and China enterprises have been trying to use the Internet to carry out e-commerce marketing.
China has successively opened the bank security payment system in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and completed the transaction settlement between ISP and customers by combining the Internet.
With the gradual improvement of the domestic settlement system and the integration with the world, e-commerce marketing will rise rapidly in the global scope.
At present, the international e-commerce market has become one of the fastest growing markets, and enterprises engaged in e-commerce marketing have appeared in the world economy.
To carry out e-commerce marketing, enterprises should formulate marketing objectives according to their own industry characteristics, consumer behavior characteristics of the target market, their own economic strength, marketing environment and other factors, choose products suitable for online trading, use online tools for marketing planning, choose appropriate marketing financial intermediaries for online trading, use online tools for data statistics and evaluation, and adjust strategies in time to win a dominant position in the market.
If high-speed and low-cost communication and cooperation with customers and suppliers are the key success factors of effective supply chain management, then a complete electronic supply chain (e-SCM) and supply chain management information system (eERP), combined with e-commerce, are the perfect embodiment of supply chain management.
(3) Reduce logistics costs and speed up capital turnover and information transmission.
The management of supply chain requires reducing the overall logistics cost, speeding up the capital turnover rate and information transmission, so as to maximize the rational use of various resources in the supply chain.
As an advanced organization and management technology and one of the main means of market competition, logistics is favored by more and more enterprises.
Logistics information management greatly improves production efficiency and reduces marketing costs through modern management tools and methods such as bar code and GPS.
Modern logistics has been widely regarded as an important opportunity for enterprises to please customers and strengthen their value proposition, and it is also an important profit source besides reducing material consumption and improving labor productivity.
The definition of China's national standard "Logistics Terminology" points out: What is logistics? In the process of physical flow of goods from the place of supply to the place of receiving, the basic functions such as transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution processing, distribution and information processing are organically combined according to actual needs.
[3] From the definition of logistics, it is not difficult to see that logistics runs through the whole process of enterprise supply chain management. Logistics plays a decisive role in the procurement and storage of raw materials and the transportation and sales of finished products.
Enterprises should analyze their own logistics costs, establish strategic partnership with excellent logistics companies, and realize supply chain management in the whole process of commodity circulation.
Make the supply chain composed of production enterprises, third-party logistics enterprises, sales enterprises and consumers integrated and systematic, realize logistics integration, maximize the benefit of the whole supply chain and effectively reduce the logistics cost of enterprises.
Fourth, the ultimate goal of supply chain management.
The ultimate goal of supply chain management mode is how to integrate and utilize the business processes, technologies and capabilities of its suppliers at all levels to strengthen their competitive advantage.
In the supply chain model, product production is driven by customers, rather than the push business model of manufacturers before the formation of supply chain.
The essence of supply chain management mode under the network economy is the cooperative relationship between enterprises and important suppliers under the network competition environment. [4]
The global, networked, systematic and comprehensive enterprise operation mode has become the weight of modern enterprise competition.
Supply chain management emphasizes shortening product cycle, quickly responding to changes in market demand, reducing costs, improving service quality and level, and increasing the effective application and systematic operation mode of e-commerce, which is the core of this competitive weight.
Some famous international enterprises, such as Hewlett-Packard, Wal-Mart, Alibaba, ZTE and Huawei, have made great achievements in the practice of supply chain management, which makes more enterprises firmly believe that supply chain management is one of the most effective ways for enterprises to adapt to global competition in the future.
refer to
[1][2] Chen, Jiang changbing, Hu Jun. supply chain management [M]. Beijing: higher education press, 20 1 1.
[3] Ding Junfa. International Logistics [M], Beijing: China Materials Publishing House, 2002.
[4] Qiu Chungao. Research on the Application of Supply Chain Management in Network Economy [J]. Modern Economy (the second half of modern property), 2008( 1).
Project management and the transformation of leading mode of enterprise management II.
Abstract: At different stages of social and economic development, the leading modes of enterprise management are also different.
Enterprises should choose the appropriate management mode according to their own means of creating wealth.
With the rapid development of the market economy, the main way for enterprises to create wealth has also changed, and project management is a management model that adapts to this change. More and more enterprises begin to change their management mode to adapt to economic development, and project management will also become the dominant mode of enterprise management in the future.
Keywords: project management, enterprise management leading mode change
First, the introduction and analysis of the management model of leading enterprises
At present, there are two dominant modes of enterprise management, namely operation management and project management.
(1) Operation management
Operation management mainly refers to the repeated and sustainable management of the managed objects in a relatively closed environment with certain internal and external conditions by using operation management methods and strategies.
For enterprises that create wealth mainly by increasing production and saving, because the product life cycle is relatively long and the customer and market demand are relatively simple and stable, enterprises must maintain market share by reducing costs or increasing production for a long time, and the daily operation management mode has higher management efficiency and can make enterprises more competitive in standardization, so it is an inevitable choice for these enterprises to use the daily operation management mode.
(2) Project management
Project management refers to the development of special or innovative management content for enterprise management objects in a relatively open, fierce competition and endless products environment.
Due to the development of market economy and the rapid improvement of information technology, many enterprises, especially high-tech enterprises, have improved the speed of product upgrading and shortened the product life cycle. The wealth creation mode of these enterprises is mainly innovation. Therefore, in the face of flexible market demand, enterprise products must respond quickly and flexibly, and team project management mode is an advanced enterprise management mode suitable for this market law.
Second, the superiority of project management in enterprise management
(A) to enhance enterprise innovation project management model
Enterprises that adopt the daily management mode will generally have their own products with competitive advantages in the market, and they can obtain relatively stable income from such products in the normal operation of enterprises.
However, such products are slow to update and their market competitiveness is not strong enough. In today's endless market products, the development cycle of a product is long, the process of establishing standardized operation flow is slow, the product development cost is high and the risk is great. Project management mode fundamentally improves the market competitiveness of enterprise products, reduces the risk of product development, and makes products more suitable for the development of market economy.
(B) project management model to enhance corporate profit margins
The formula for calculating the profit of an enterprise adopting the daily operation and management mode is:
A=(B？ C)*Q
Among them, the profit of enterprise A, the sales price of product B, the cost of product C and the sales volume of product Q. ..
As can be seen from the formula, there are only two ways for enterprises to increase profits: reducing costs and increasing production. In the face of fierce market competition, there is little room for reducing costs and increasing production to increase profits.
The formula for calculating the profit of an enterprise adopting the project management mode is:
N*R=？ (P .- C.) * Q. /( 1+i)-Co
Among them, the income of enterprise A, the life cycle of product N, the average price of product P, the cost of product C, the annual sales volume of product Q, the interest rate of product I, and the R&D cost of product Co..
It can be seen from the formula that enterprises can not only reduce costs and increase output, but also adapt to market demand by changing product life cycle.
(3) Project management mode can improve the internal efficiency of enterprises.
Daily operation management is based on a clear division of labor, which hinders the development of enterprise innovation to some extent.
The project management mode is based on informationization, and the enterprise is closely linked with various departments through organization and technology, so it has the ability to quickly and flexibly respond to market product updates, and is full of creativity and team spirit, thus forming innovative activities to become the leading activities of enterprises, constantly meeting market demand and enhancing their own competitiveness.
Third, the application and change of enterprise project management
Modern enterprise project management has strong competitiveness in the fierce market economy product competition. As a new enterprise management mode, it has great advantages.
Enterprises should consider the following aspects when applying project management:
(A) the premise of enterprise project management model construction
Modern enterprises are facing more and more complicated internal and external systems and environments. Enterprise project management activities should meet the market demand and enterprise development planning requirements. When applying project management, we should consider all the internal and external environments of the whole enterprise from the overall development plan of the enterprise.
Therefore, it is the premise and foundation of the application of enterprise project management mode to integrate the overall development planning of enterprises into the enterprise project management system by using the methods and theories of project management.
(B) the principles of enterprise project management model construction
Based on the strategic development perspective of the enterprise, the project management activities within the enterprise are planned, the content of each project is managed in parallel, and the same or similar content is managed in a unified way.
The establishment of enterprise project management platform, through the unification of project management objectives, project management organization and information system, puts the same or similar product content on a unified platform according to the theory of project management, which can simplify the process on the one hand and save the cost of product development and management on the other.
This paper makes a structural analysis of enterprise project management, and introduces the idea of integrated innovation into project management mode.
(C) the method of building enterprise project management model
Enterprise project management mode mainly includes the following aspects:
Enterprise project management objectives: It refers to formulating reasonable project management objectives according to market demand, enterprise's own market positioning and enterprise development strategic planning, so that all project management activities within the enterprise can operate according to the above objectives.
In the process of goal setting, enterprise project management should focus on long-term development goals.
Enterprise project management organization: The enterprise should establish a special project management department, and its personnel should have rich experience in project management, which can make project management the main activity of enterprise management activities. A strong project management team is a necessary condition for the in-depth development and successful implementation of the project.
Enterprise project management system method: each project management in an enterprise is not independent, but an interrelated and interactive whole.
When using project management system, enterprise managers must try to optimize management by considering the relationship between projects, so as to improve management efficiency and reduce management costs.
Four. Concluding remarks
With the advent of the information age and the mode of economic globalization, enterprises are facing unprecedented uncertain environmental characteristics.
Project management mode is accompanied by such environmental characteristics.
Project management is a brand-new enterprise management concept, which can enhance the innovation ability and competitiveness of enterprises in the face of external environmental changes.
References:
Wu Zhiming. Project Management and Knowledge Economy, China Investment [J] No.4, 2002.
[2] Cheng Tiexin. Summary of Project Management Development, Management Review [J] No.2, 2004