Press: 187 Note [6] Note: "Leaving the customs, not the princes" (Historical Records Chen She Uprising) is the same as "refusing", resisting and blocking. Nei (nà): The original word' Na' is accepted and released. " Since the word "nei" is the original word of "na", how can it be?

Under the guise of "Na"? The inclusion of "Nina" in Wang Li's Homologous Dictionary shows that "Nina" is a group of cognates with different meanings.

There is an extended relationship.

Second, improper wording?

Page 1 and page 88 explain "temporality": in terms of expressing the time category, the ancient and modern meanings are related, but the specific scope has shifted. Before the Han Dynasty, "temporary" meant sudden and sudden. ..... Probably in Xu Shen's place, the meaning of the word "temporary" has been

After the transfer began, it was suddenly changed to "soon", which is the usual meaning of the word "temporary" in the Middle Ages. ……

After the Middle Ages, the meaning of "temporary" has undergone a new shift, that is, the current meaning of "temporary". "Temporary" is not only obviously different from "sudden" and "sudden", but also from "short-term". "Temporary" refers to the future, such as "going out temporarily and coming back in the future", while "short-term" only refers to short time and does not include future work. ?

Press: Besides Guo Ben, there is also editor-in-chief Mr. Wang Li who distinguishes the meaning of "temporary" and "short-term" in this way. The 874th word of the commonly used word (12) in Wang Li's books is "temporary", and its meaning (3) is "short time". After quoting documentary evidence, he said: "Note: Temporary words in modern Chinese developed from this, but their meanings are not exactly the same. The so-called "temporary" in modern times means that it will happen temporarily, but it will not happen in the future. The so-called' temporary' in ancient times means that time is very short and there is no comparability with the future. For example, today's "pause" means to continue later; The ancients said that' pause' refers to a short stop, not to continue later. " A "[Note]" is specially added to the Dictionary of Ancient Chinese commonly used by the Commercial Press to remind people of the difference between ancient and modern times. However, Guo Xuan recorded "Biography of Three Kingdoms Hua Tuo", in which Hua Tuo asked Cao Cao for leave: "I got a letter from home and want to return it temporarily." Note [6] on page 25/kloc-0 of the textbook correctly notes "temporary" as "temporary". This leads to a contradiction: the annotation of Selected Works is inconsistent with the interpretation of General Theory. Is the anthology annotated or is the general theory wrong? The key to solve this problem is to see whether "temporary" means "compared with the future". ?

From this context, Hua tuo's leave must mean "going to Cao Cao in the future", otherwise, Cao Cao, who is seriously ill, will never give him a holiday; Later, Hua Tuo "resigned his wife when she got home sick, counting the begging period", "Taizu was tired of writing and sent to the county", so that "Taizu was furious and made people go to the inspection" and "sent to Xu prison". All these show that the annotation of Selected Works is correct and the interpretation of General Theory should be wrong. In other words, the modern Chinese meaning of "temporary" can be found in the annals of the Three Kingdoms. This example also illustrates the arduousness of China's historical research. ?

2. On page 296, I explained that "nine sets of besieged cities are like buses, and the distance between Mozi and Mozi is nine", and translated "nine sets" into "nine times" and "nine times" into "nine times". " ?

It is reported that this translation is probably convenient to explain the difference of momentum expression between ancient and modern Chinese, but it is best to add "many times" in brackets after "nine times" to avoid mistaking "nine" representing imaginary number for real number. ?

3. Page 297: "The' yes' in the judgment sentence is called a judgment word (also called a copula). It connects the subject and predicate and also helps to express judgment. " ?

Connect the subject and predicate by "yes", then what is the sentence component of "yes" itself? Or not as a sentence component? According to the "tentative system" in 1950s, "Shi" and the noun (or noun phrase) after it constitute a judgment compound predicate, and "Shi" is a part of the predicate. According to the summary of middle school teaching grammar system in 1980s, "Beijing is the capital of China", "Beijing" is the subject, "yes" is the predicate, and "Beijing is the capital of our country". In this way, when analyzing "Beijing is the capital of our country", the syntactic analysis mode of ancient Chinese is used to analyze modern Chinese sentences, and the expression of mixed ancient and modern Chinese grammar appears. The letter from Mr. Guo Xiliang shows that the textbook adopts Mr. Wang Li's grammar system. The author thinks that this problem also shows the necessity and urgency of establishing the grammar system of ancient Chinese teaching. )?

4. Page 3 1 1-3 12: "The word' zai' in ancient Chinese is a quantifier, which generally means twice. In the Tang Dynasty, "being" can mean "the second time". ?

A: There are two problems with this expression. The first question is whether "zai" is one word or two words, or whether a word has two functions ("quantifier": numeral and quantifier). From the three examples of "once-in-a-while a-while" and "once-in-a-while a-while a-while", there is no difference between lexical meaning (both translated into modern Chinese) and syntactic function (both adverbial). If we consider that it only modifies verbs and does not modify nouns, it can also be called "special numerals". Article 109 of this common word (II) edited by Mr. Wang Li: "Note: The ancients used general numerals to indicate the amount of action once to ten times, such as" mustering all your strength ","think twice before you act ","Six out of Qishan "and" Nine out of the Central Plains ". However, Wang defines the part of speech of "zai" as an adverb, which we disapprove of, because adverbials are not the "patent" of adverbs, and putting numerals in front of verbs as adverbials to express momentum is a routine of classical Chinese grammar. ?

The second question is, didn't "zai" have the usage of "second time" until the Tang Dynasty, but before the Tang Dynasty? Also, from the example of "one spouting, then descending, and three spouting", the display of "one", "another" and "three" represents the ordinal content in the form of cardinal numbers, which means "the first (second, third) time". The Dictionary of Common Words in Ancient Chinese (Commercial Press) interprets "zai" as "the second time", and the documentary evidence is "collecting qi … three transgressions and four times, and three times is unforgivable". "The first and second sins can be forgiven, and the third sin is unforgivable. )?

5. Page 333: After the so-called solidified format, you can take another object. For example, the so-called old country is not a tree. (Mencius Hui Liang Wang Xia) This so-called victory over the imperial court. (the warring States policy is the same)?

Press: "so-called" is an attribute, and "lost the country" and "defeated the court" are the central words. "The so-called" equal to say ". Both examples are decisive sentences. The so-called primitive is the subject of the noun phrase "non-predicate ……", and the so-called victory over the imperial court is the predicate of the noun phrase "primitive". ?

Page 6, page 334: "So" in ancient Chinese cannot be interpreted as "So" in modern Chinese. (The textbook takes "So stay away from evil and be close to righteousness" as an example. ) Even as mentioned above, "You don't ask this question but ask Shunguan, so it's wrong", in which "that place"

"Yi" can't be understood as "so", but as "the reason why I don't answer." ?

According to: The first proposition quoted above only applies to the usage of "suo" and "table use", not to the usage of "table cause". "So wrong" belongs to "cause", just translate it into "I don't answer you because of this" or "I don't answer you because of this". Because "so" is a conjunction, but it comes from the phrase "because of this"; As a word, its morpheme is also "because of this"; In fact, it is not easy to draw a clear line between words and phrases. Further on, "because of this" = "so" = "so" (with = cause, so = this). Therefore, "so wrong" does not have to be understood as "the reason why I don't answer". As for the subject "I", it can only be placed before "so", not after "so". That's the difference between "so" in classical Chinese and "so" in vernacular Chinese in syntactic function, not in lexical meaning. In modern Chinese, the position of "so" is flexible before or after the subject, and "so I don't answer" can also be said to be "so I don't answer" "So wrong" reflects the transitional state of "so" in the development process. ?

7. Page 886: Example 1 to Example 5 is a euphemism for the emperor's "death". ?

According to the example, 1 is "to conquer the dragon" (Mencius Zhang Wan), and example 2 is "How can Chang 'an entrust Zhao when the mountain falls" (Warring States Policy: Touching the Dragon and Saying Empress Zhao), example 1 has the name of Yao, and example 2 omits the subject of Empress Zhao. Although there are "(2) respecting the previous emperors" and "(3) referring to three emperors and five emperors" under "Emperor" in the new edition of Ci Yuan, in the minds of contemporary China people, "Emperor" refers to the monarch of the feudal dynasty that began with Qin Shihuang. It is more accurate to change "to the emperor" in this commentary to "to the emperor ("the son of heaven ") and the queen". ?

8.Page 1086: In fact, people in the Tang Dynasty did not write poems exactly according to the rhyme of 193 or 206. ?

Press: Just before this sentence, it was said that "Guang Yun compiled by Chen Pengnian in the Northern Song Dynasty was subdivided into 206 rhymes on the basis of Qieyun". Then, how to achieve "people in the Tang Dynasty wrote poems according to the 206 Rhymes of the Northern Song Dynasty"? This is to make the statement concise and ignore one thing. Although one of the two books, Tang Yun-Tianbao Edition (incomplete volume), has increased to 204 or 205 rhymes, Tang Yun is not involved in the textbook, which is quite troublesome to explain. This sentence should be changed to "Tang people didn't write poems completely according to 193 rhyme, and Song people didn't write poems completely according to 206 rhyme"; After this sentence, the meaning of "at that time" is unclear, and it should be clearly pointed out that it is "Tang Dynasty".