From Han Shaogong's "Daddy Daddy"
-on the writing characteristics of "root-seeking literature"
abstract
In the mid-1980s, there was an upsurge of "cultural root-seeking" in China literary world. Writers began to explore traditional consciousness and national cultural psychology, and their creation was called "root-seeking literature". Among many works, Han Shaogong's novella Dad Dad is regarded by many as a typical representative of "root-seeking literature". This paper will discuss how to embody the characteristics of "root-seeking literature" in Daddy Daddy from the aspects of distinctive regional characteristics, customs consciousness, modern consciousness and artistic techniques.
Keywords: regional custom consciousness, artistic features of modern consciousness
First, distinctive regional characteristics, customs awareness
In the 1980s, people generally accepted the novel concept that "the people's customs and daily life in a specific area are fertile soil for artistic beauty".
1 Han Shaogong once said in The Roots of Literature: "Literature has roots", and the roots of literature "should be deeply rooted in the soil of national traditional culture. The roots are not deep and the leaves are difficult to flourish. " Therefore, many writers attach importance to strengthening the understanding of the traditional lifestyle, showing the changes of this lifestyle in the times, and carefully examining the residence, diet, clothing, speech, communication methods, wedding and funeral ceremonies, religious beliefs and so on. In a certain field, this has become the basis for expanding creative audition. It is believed that "custom is a life lyric poem created by a national collective".
Some scholars have pointed out: "Han Shaogong is a young writer deeply influenced by Chu culture and modern Huxiang culture, and a Hunan writer who consciously digs this" root "in reality and makes it carry forward." Han Shaogong found a breakthrough in his own Chu clan, entered the traditional western Hunan world, and opened up the mysterious witchcraft and Chu culture.
The new literary world. Han Shaogong's root-seeking novels are basically based on this regional culture. The description of regional characteristics and customs consciousness in Daddy Daddy is as follows: 1. Legends and related behaviors. The snake in "Daddy Daddy" is lustful, and the special method of taking snake gall; The strange disease of "picking worms" is characterized by "eating fish in the belly of fish and eating chicken in the belly of chicken". Its treatment is actually to learn to crow three times after drinking the blood of white cattle; If you get lost, pee and scold your mother to get rid of the so-called "fork ghost"; Worship and kill God for forgiveness; Pursuing women and the art of "flower curse"; The theory that magic can prolong life; Witchcraft divination and the end of the cattle killing war. Second, traditional superstitions and taboos. In "Daddy, Daddy", Tai Chi pictures should be hung in the kiln; Women and children are forbidden to go to the kiln, and it is forbidden to swear with mud. Dumping dung can cure madness, and drinking cow blood can detoxify; The deformed child was born because Mother C offended Spider Spirit. The third is traditional customs. The barbaric custom of eating spear head meat in "Daddy Daddy"; Poison all the bad habits of young and old when the family moves after the defeat of the battle; . Fourth, diverse regional dialects. In Daddy Daddy, talking is called talking, dad is called uncle, sister is called brother and he is called him.
Canal means to ignore, sister-in-law is like a big sister, stupid like a treasure, stand like a lean, sleep like a lie.
Words and so on. Through these four levels, Han Shaogong gave a detailed description of the long-standing cultural customs of Hunan and Chu. These descriptions show the aesthetic side of folk culture and a closed, mysterious, grotesque and bizarre rural world. Those wonderful country songs have a long history, and the initial desires and impulses between men and women are natural and real. Han Shaogong found the comfortable state of the people, and artistically demonstrated the long-lost folk customs, folk songs and folk customs through legends, folk songs and witchcraft, and affirmed the spiritual value of folk culture from an aesthetic point of view. This is just like what he said, "The traditional culture condensed in rural areas is even more irregular." civilian
Language, unofficial history, legends, jokes, folk songs, fairy tales, customs, ways of sex, etc. Most of them are not authentic and rarely seen in the classics, and more are to show the natural face of life. Han Shaogong picked up all kinds of folk life scattered in the backcountry. Simple geographical customs, natural scenery and human landscape constitute a wonderful picture of the folk world, and also reveal the blood relationship between his life and that of the police.
Second, modern consciousness.
Pay attention to history with modern consciousness, reflect on traditional culture, recast national soul, and explore the possibility of cultural reconstruction in China.
"All available science and technology, etc., are established facts. , is moving towards a modern lifestyle. " Therefore, "our responsibility is to release the heat energy of modern ideas to recast and illuminate this self." 5 Han Shaogong's "Daddy Daddy" embodies this feature of root-seeking literature by portraying the protagonist Bing Zi, who has the duality of spiritual life.
Bing Zi, the hero of the novel Daddy Daddy, is a villager living in Hunan and Hubei, an ignorant idiot and dwarf who will never grow up but will never die. He lives in an ignorant and dirty environment, with ugly appearance, confused thinking, unclear speech and obscene behavior. These are all created as symbols of "inferiority" of national culture. Dull narrative language and gloomy overall atmosphere show that pessimism about a decadent "race" has three characteristics: stubbornness and ugliness. Confusion is a symbol of negative cultural factors. I think this negative factor is people's dependence, not growing up and not opening up. That is, China people lack the meaning of openness in the concepts of "growing up" and "being a man". Our "growth" is continuous rather than open, so the soldier's mother is a midwife, and his task, its mission is to help people pick up constantly.
Healthy. China people only consider the family line, the continuation of incense and the inheritance of Confucius from generation to generation, that is, they do not consider how to realize people's liberation and understanding, how to produce a Confucius, how to carry forward the tradition, and how to create a new tradition. So I think this Jitouzhai is a microcosm of the decline of China culture in the continuation, a culture that is not really open, or a culture that is completely closed. So we can see that he has wrinkles on his forehead in his works, but he still looks like a silly child. All his movements are clumsy. It is difficult for him to raise his eyelids. He has to hold out his chest before he can lift his eyelids with difficulty. Han Shaogong pays attention to people's problems, so at this point, I think "soldier boy" is a symbol of contemporary culture, which means that although we have grown up and become adults, our psychology, thoughts and quality have never been truly open and healthy, let alone creative.
In fact, the appearance of the third child is the result of the loss of the "root" of China culture. The biggest feature of Bingzai is that he can only say one positive word and one negative word, namely "Dad" and "Mom X". He used these two sentences to cover everything and show everything. All the emotions and attitudes of this deformed child in his life are condensed in two sentences. He thinks he still has to respect it as "dad" and think it is "mom X" if it is not good. It can be said that love and hate are clear and the position is clear. His way of thinking is a deformed and morbid way of thinking. Bingzai's abnormal and morbid way of thinking is the product of Jitouzhai's specific cultural environment. In the clan blood relationship and geographical relationship of rural society in China, soldier is a weak person. He has no protection from his parents-"It is said that my father is not satisfied with his wife's ugliness, and she gave birth to this."
Bad karma, selling opium out of the mountain long ago, never came back, "leaving them orphans and widows." Although the mother is a midwife, she has no position in the patriarchal society dominated by men, because she is like a widow. Soldiers not only lost their family (father)-the natural barrier of the family when they were born, but also became the object that anyone in Jitouzhai could make fun of at any time because of their physical deformity and mental retardation. He is "blind, slow-moving, and has a big deformed head." One or two pieces of broken rice are stuck in his mouth, and his chest is shiny and smooth. He staggered around and saw people of all ages, men and women, and shouted kindly? Dad. "or call it' mother x'! In China's ancient and dreary rural society, Bing Zi's mental retardation and helplessness make him a ready target. The villagers in Jitouzhai often cancel the third child. In fact, they are the third. They make fun of themselves. Because, from birth, Bing Zi was really "teased by people in the stockade and learned to be a man" and "quickly learned two words"-"Dad" and "Mom X". In other words, Bing Zi's abnormal and morbid way of thinking was really conceived and formed in the specific environment of Jitouzhai, which is the product of this culture. This way of thinking is not only the cultural accumulation, but also the persistence and confusion of finding people in Jitouzhai. In the case of "soldiers", time has lost its original meaning. I noticed that "his face looks very old with slight wrinkles on his forehead" and "Bingzai is still only as tall as a basket and still wears open red pants". Therefore, relative to the concept of the flow and change of historical time, the ice is stagnant and unchanged, which shows that this way of thinking has always remained unchanged in the long history of pushing you, and it has always stayed in the immature and primitive turn. As pointed out in the novel, the "two sentences" that embody Bingzi's way of thinking can be regarded as a symbol. Furthermore, the word "soldier" is actually a huge cultural metaphor or cultural symbol, which is both historical, realistic and national.
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