A scale is a series of tones arranged in the order of whole tone, semitone and other intervals. The basic scale is the scale of C major, and all keys are used when playing on the piano. Scales are divided into major scales and minor scales, namely major modes and minor modes. A major scale consists of seven tones, of which the third and fourth tones, the seventh and eighth tones are semitones, and the other tones are full tones. A minor scale is a semitone between the second and third notes and between the fifth and sixth notes. Arpeggio refers to a string of chords played continuously from low to high or from high to low, which can be regarded as a broken string. It is usually used as a special skill training in etudes, and sometimes it appears as a short connecting sentence or passing sentence in the melody part of music, and there are also dense chords with a vertical wavy line in front. Arpeggios are divided into major triad, minor seventh chord and dominant seventh chord.
Classification of scales and arpeggios and their playing methods
Scale, arpeggio
The training of scales and arpeggios is boring, and it is often difficult to "get immediate results". However, because piano performance itself requires strong skills, it is necessary to train arpeggios and scales for a long time and in a wide range during the whole learning process. If a piano learner lacks this continuous and solid basic training, they will soon feel very tired after entering the intermediate level, and they will not be able to make greater progress. It can be seen that the premise of playing music well is to lay a good foundation and practice basic skills such as scales and arpeggios. To achieve twice the result with half the effort, we must follow scientific and effective methods, and it is most important to practice scales and arpeggios in a targeted way. In fact, the natural ability of ten fingers is different from that of paper net collection after graduation, but the practice of scales and arpeggios requires the strength of each sound to be uniform. Practicing scales and arpeggios can make fingers develop in a balanced way, improve the ability to control and use fingers, and help students get familiar with the position of the keyboard.
What is a scale is to arrange the notes used in music in pitch order to form a ladder-like sequence. In addition to finger movement, brain control also plays a role in piano playing. Without the control of the brain, the hand will lose control, leading to disharmony and even confusion. When playing scales, the intensity of finger movement is great, with special emphasis on the independence of fingers and the strength of the whole hand. Only when the position is accurate can you play well. Summary /html/zongjie/
What is arpeggio, that is, chords that are pronounced at the same time are played in the order from low to high or from high to low, not at the same time. Arpais can be divided into long arpeggios, large arpeggios and small arpeggios. The so-called "long arpeggio" is a broken chord form that starts from the tonic to the end of the tonic by more than one octave. The arpeggio is the pipa sound of a chord played from the beginning of the tonic to the end of the tonic. And "arpeggio" is a chord arpeggio that starts from the tonic and only plays the chord but doesn't end on the tonic. When some people play arpeggios, their thumbs jump over, and there seems to be a gap between the sounds that pop up, giving people the impression that an originally complete line suddenly breaks and destroys the connection. In order to make the connection between sounds coherent, it is necessary to put the thumb under the palm of your hand in advance, and the finger playing the previous sound cannot leave the keyboard until the thumb plays the sound down. It's not difficult to do such an action, it's just a matter of whether the requirements are strict or not.
When playing arpeggio, because the fingers are wide, the wrist can have some movements, and the hand needs to move on the plane with each finger playing. The wrist can be raised relatively, making it easier and faster for the thumb to pass through. Therefore, the wrist movements will fluctuate slightly, but be careful not to be too sudden.
Second, the key points and methods of playing scale arpeggios
1. One of the most widely used basic skills in piano playing is scales and arpeggios. Finger-piercing and finger-crossing are the skills that must be used frequently when playing scales and arpeggios, and they are also very important. We should pay special attention to this point. In general, piano learners need to practice these two movements repeatedly in order to practice scales and arpeggios completely. Here are some tips to pay attention to when playing scales: because the thumb is relatively short compared with other fingers, it is easy to lie prone on the keyboard if you are not careful when playing scales, so put your thumb up a little when playing, otherwise your wrist will fluctuate up and down during playing, which will affect the playing effect. Especially when threading needles and crossing fingers, pay special attention to the elbows and wrists, try not to lift them outward, and move smoothly with them. Finger piercing should be done at the same time when the second finger falls and the thumb is pressed down, that is to say, the second finger should pass through the thumb immediately after pressing the key, and be prepared in advance. When playing scales, the method of crossing fingers is to require the second finger, the third finger and the fourth finger to cross the thumb quickly when the thumb falls, and then let go to restore the correct hand shape when playing. When you play, your fingers should be explosive. Fingers held high, every note fell steadily. Specifically, fingers should be close together, fingertips should be strong, and keys should be fast and powerful. For beginners, slow training is the most important thing. As the saying goes, haste makes waste, and extremes meet.
Resume /html/jianli/
2. Training of scales and arpeggios. There are many training methods for scales and arpeggios, but for beginners, it is the best choice to start from slow practice when playing. First of all, play from one beat, and the sound quality of the pop-up notes should be clear and clean. Repeated practice like this will gradually increase to two beats and four beats after reaching a certain level, and the purpose of playing can be achieved through unremitting practice. This exercise may take a lot of time, but it will benefit a lot. This not only strengthens the exercise of the hand, but also enhances the strength of the whole hand and the independence of the fingers, making full preparations for entering the music performance stage in the future. If a piano learner wants to play large-scale music well, it is impossible to play only one basic exercise. Only by organically combining various types of exercises can he make progress and play better and better.
3. The difference between arpeggio and scale training methods. The practice of arpeggio is actually a process of getting familiar with the position, mode and tonality of various chords. Playing arpeggios is much more difficult than playing scales, because the position of hands needs to be shifted quickly. Among them, the flexible coordination of wrists is the key. Therefore, arpeggio practice is helpful to get a good feeling and state. Playing arpeggios well is inseparable from the initiative of fingers. Moreover, fingers have a wider range of activities than when playing scales, which inevitably puts forward higher requirements for finger ability. Playing arpeggios is to train the agility and vitality of fingers. In terms of speed, it can be the same as playing scales, slow first and then fast. Comparatively speaking, the speed of practicing arpeggio can be slightly slower than the scale. After finally mastering the technology, there is no difference between them. The speed that arpeggios can reach is not lower than that of scales. Because the distance between arpeggios is wide, it is easier to appear isolated than scales in slow training, so it is particularly important to emphasize the sense of wholeness and coherence in action, line and concept consciousness.
Third, the learning steps of scales and arpeggios
1. Preliminary learning: Once the basic piano practice is trained to a certain extent, you should start to learn basic playing methods, such as Legato, Legato, and several commonly used fingering methods, such as piercing fingering and crossing fingering. In order to better express the author's intention, we must focus on practicing non-linking, finger piercing and cross-pointing. The playing method of non-Legato is very different from that of falling fingers. The key points of playing are: relax your arms and wrists, exert your strength with your palms, concentrate your strength with your fingertips, actively swing your fingers to tap the keyboard while playing, and raise your fingers when leaving the keys. This way, the sound will be bright, concentrated and grainy. After that, you can start learning scales from one beat to a row of two notes, and so on.
2. Insist on deepening practice step by step: On the basis of preliminary study, you can practice repeatedly in various major and minor keys, and gradually strengthen the training in playing speed, strength, granularity, clarity and fluency.
In addition to scale arpeggios and basic skills exercises, piano performance also includes the training of octave, independence and unity of hands and fingers, and many basic piano skills exercises such as decorative notes and chromatic scales. Scales and arpeggios are the basic skills that must be mastered skillfully in piano playing. Mastering these skills through practice is helpful to improve your performance level and quality and better express different musical images.