Tone accuracy is one of the most important links in learning guzheng performance. On the one hand, beginners need to receive strict auditory training, be able to accurately sing and listen to the pentatonic and heptatonic tones of various tones, and at the same time, they need to study the tuning methods of guzheng hard, so as to gradually tune accurately. Here, take the S-shaped 2 1 string guzheng as an example:

(1) According to the string order, find the eighth colored string, use the standard pronunciation device and a group of small a 1 tones as the standard tones, and adjust the tones through the wrench and chord axis, that is, the five tones in the simple D key. You can also adjust the chord tone by moving the Zheng code in the direction of Moon Mountain to improve the tone and moving the Zheng code in the opposite direction to reduce the tone. However, when shifting, the piano code should avoid direct friction with the panel, otherwise it will cause instability of the code foot and affect the intonation. (2) According to the string order, the octave chord with the same name as a 1 is determined on thirteen colored strings, which is also the five notes in the D-note. (3) Sing the fourth note 1 from the fifth note, and set the note of d 1 on the eleventh string according to the chord order, that is, the note of 1 in the notation D; (4) According to the chord order, determine the rising fifth note 2 of the five notes on the tenth string, which is also the second note in the notation D. (5) According to the string order, determine the rising second key 6 of the five notes on the twelfth string, which is also the six notes in the D key of the simple spectrum. (6) According to the string order, determine the fifth rising note 3 among the six notes on the ninth string, which is also the three notes in the D key of the simple spectrum. (7) Repeatedly sing and listen to the pentatonic scale "5 6 1 2 3 5" or "5 3 2 1 6 5" to adjust the interval relationship between intervals. (8) Using the octave cycle tuning method, the chords of the treble group, bass group and bass group in the fifth note of D are called out. When tuning, the resolution of intervals depends on the keen hearing of the ear. When tuning a string, you must wait until the aftersound of one tone is over before playing the second tone. For octave 5-5, when it is determined that 5 is a 1, after playing 5 notes, wait for the lingering sound to disappear, and then play 5 notes higher by octave. If the residual sounds of two notes are relatively consistent, they will be considered accurate.

2. How to determine the tuning and range of guzheng?

Setting a string refers to setting a string to a certain pitch position. The pitch standard of tuning string can be based on musical instruments with fixed pitch such as piano, accordion, harmonica or tuning fork. Guzheng is based on China's traditional pentatonic scale: Gongshang Jiao Zheng language (namely 12356). The tenor part of the guzheng strings is inside, the midrange part is in the middle and the bass part is outside. Counting outward from the first string of the tenor part, the order of the strings is one, two, three, four, five, ..., twenty-one. Please refer to the following table:

Chord sequence123456 78 910/0/31415161718 65438.

Pitch d3b2a2 # f2e2d2b1a1# f1e1d1ba # fsedba # fsed.

Notes16532165321653216532/

Range refers to the range from the lowest sound to the highest sound that a human voice or musical instrument can emit. Take the commonly used 2 1 string zither as an example. From its lowest tone to its highest tone, there are four octaves, called four tones. Each group of notes is separated by colored strings, which makes it easy to know the position of each note on the Zheng.

3. how to change d into g?

Guzheng is a pentatonic mode, and the commonly used mode is "shifting the column (code)" to achieve the purpose of "mode". The third (Mi) tone in the fifth scale of D, that is, the fourth, ninth, fourteenth and nineteenth strings, is upgraded to the fourth (FA) tone by moving Zheng code to the direction of Qian Yueshan, and becomes the tonic of 1(do) in G, and becomes the fifth scale of G, please refer to the following table:

Chord sequence123456 78 910/0/31415161718 65438.

Pitch d3b2g2e2d2b1a1g1e1d1baged.

Notes 53216532165321653216532165.

4. How to change from G to C?

The third (MI) tone in the pentatonic scale of G key, that is, the second, seventh, twelfth and seventeenth strings, rose to the fourth (FA) tone by moving the Zheng code towards the Moon Mountain, becoming the tonic of 1(do) in C key and becoming the pentatonic scale of C key. Please refer to the following table:

Chord sequence123456 78 910/0/31415161718 65438.

Pitch d3c3a2g2e2c22a1g1e1d1cagedd cacaged.

Symbol 21653216532165321653216532

5. Under what circumstances should guzheng be used and identified?

Any musical instrument will be damaged if it is kept and used improperly. Frequent use of musical instruments makes them in a good vibration state, which is conducive to further harmony among the various structures of musical instruments. The so-called "piano depends on people." There is no special requirement for the temperature when the guzheng is used, mainly because the humidity environment has a great influence on the guzheng. Generally speaking, the use of guzheng in the space with relative humidity of 50 ~ 70% is beneficial to the vibration and pronunciation of musical instruments. The humidity below 50% will crack the surface and bottom plate of the Zheng, while the humidity above 70% will easily make the panel absorb moisture, resulting in dull sound, shortened aftersound and darkened timbre. It is suggested that every musical instrument store or musical instrument sales point can be equipped with a hygrometer, which is conducive to taking corresponding measures in time. In addition to the humidity requirement, there is also an important index to identify the timbre environment of guzheng, which is the spatial reverberation time. Too long reverberation time in space will beautify the timbre of guzheng, while too short will make it sound "dry". Generally, the reverberation time in space should be between 65438 0.2 seconds and 65438 0.7 seconds.

6. What preparations should I make before the audition?

The first thing to do is to check as follows:

Whether the code point is placed in the correct position. (2) Whether the standard pitch of the strings conforms to a 1=440Hz. (3) Whether the pitch relation is correct. (4)nbsp。 Whether the strings have been vibrated repeatedly. (5) Whether the playing point of the code position is on the same plane and straight line of the strings. (6)nbsp。 Calibrate whether the flip cover is firmly fixed. (7) Whether the Zheng body is placed on the Zheng frame smoothly. (8) Whether the armor used for the audition is worn correctly. 7. Does the material thickness and shape of armor affect the timbre of guzheng?

Yes, generally speaking, tortoise shell is the best way to try the piano. The thickness and elasticity of tortoise shell have great influence on the timbre of guzheng: it is thin, with fine timbre and easy to be hollow; If it is too thick, it will look dull. It is best to have curved surfaces on both sides of the armor, so that the incoming echo is easy to balance. 8. Is the code tilt normal when sliding up and down?

This inclination is caused by unilateral force when sliding. Because the modern guzheng code is active, not a "rubber column drum instrument", it is normal to tilt slightly.

9. How far should the right hand audition string be from Yueshan?

This is crucial. The closer to the Moon Mountain, the stiffer the timbre; Away from Yueshan, the sound is empty. Generally speaking, the audition point in the high-pitched area is 35mm away from Yueshan, 45mm in the midrange area and 55mm in the bass area.

10. How difficult is it to play the guzheng?

Strictly speaking, we should play the guzheng expression from ppp (the weakest) to fff (the strongest). But in general, it pays more attention to the most powerful audition, and it is easy to find the balance of sound quality.

1 1, which parts easily lead to the impure sound of guzheng?

The positions prone to noise are: first, the chord groove of Zheng code; Secondly, the position where the feet of the Zheng match the panel; Third, the strings; Fourth, the placement of Yueshan chord; 5, calibrating the flip cover; 6. Calibrating the clamshell bayonet; 7, calibrating the flip hinge; Eighth, the gluing part; Ninth, the joint between the body and the frame. In addition, the frequency of coupled pitch vibration is also one of the factors that lead to the impure sound of guzheng.

12, is the zither timbre of popular products necessarily bad?

Professional products, intermediate products and mass products are relative concepts. There is not much difference in technology between mass products and advanced products. Different material grades, the same technological pursuit. The popular guzheng craft also fully refers to advanced technology. So the appearance is similar, and the timbre also pursues the style of professional Zheng. In addition, in the production of guzheng, most of them are handmade skills, with great differences in personality, and good timbre often appears in popular products.

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