Abstract: The quality of mechanical products is particularly important in modern society. The management measures and improvement schemes of product quality are discussed here.
[Keywords:] product quality management improvement
I. Overview
The fundamental purpose of perfecting and perfecting the quality system and maintaining its effective operation is to improve the quality management level and product quality level, improve the economic benefits of enterprises, reduce waste and meet the needs of users to the greatest extent. To achieve this goal, one of the main ways and methods is continuous quality improvement, which includes the improvement of quality system and product quality. This paper mainly talks about product quality control measures and their improvement.
Second, product quality control measures
(A) customer requirements
According to ISO9000-2000, among the eight principles of quality management, the first principle is "focusing on customers". Customer requirements should be considered, including product function and performance requirements, current and future requirements. Only when the requirements of customers are met can the products have real quality.
(2) Regulatory requirements
The development and manufacture of products should first pay attention to the requirements of safety regulations. It is an important law to ensure safety in production, the personal safety of workers and the safety of state property, and to prevent safety accidents. In addition, we should also pay attention to the requirements of national environmental laws and regulations for products.
(3) Standard requirements
The development and production of products must conform to the provisions of national standards and norms, and can only be put into mass production and sales after passing the inspection by the inspection agency authorized by the state.
(d) Control of product-specific standards
According to the Standardization Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), in the absence of national standards or industry standards, enterprise standards should be formulated for specific products. Enterprise standards shall be reported to the local standardization administrative department for the record. Product standards are the basis of product design, development, production and acceptance. On the basis of fully considering the requirements of customers, regulations and safety standards, product standards should also consider the advanced technology, economic rationality and environmental protection.
(5) product design control
Product design control includes design input, design output and design review, design verification, design confirmation and design improvement control. ① Design input control is a document based on product standards. Design input is fundamental for products to meet the requirements of customers and laws and regulations, so design input should be reviewed and recorded in writing. (2) Design output and design review control. The design output is product design drawings. The design output shall be reviewed. Check whether it meets the standards, advanced technology, economy, technology and standardization. The review shall be recorded in writing. Design output should be approved before release. ③ Design verification control shall be implemented at the appropriate stage of product formation to prove compliance with design input. ④ Design confirmation control to verify records and implement operations to prove that the products meet the expected requirements. ⑤ Send it to the national authorized inspection organization for review. ⑥ Design change control, no matter external or internal change requirements, can only be implemented after being reviewed and approved by the authorized person.
(VI) Quality control of raw materials
(1) The four departments responsible for supplier selection are the technical department, the engineering department, the purchasing department and the quality inspection department, which are responsible for inspecting, evaluating, confirming and designating suppliers. ② Suppliers must have quality assurance system, supply capacity, complaint handling and service capacity before they can be included in the evaluated suppliers. (3) Suppliers who have passed the evaluation and passed the sample delivery, small test, small test and pilot test are all qualified, and suppliers who meet the above conditions can be included in the designated procurement unit. (4) The raw materials entering the factory must be checked and recorded by the quality inspection department in strict accordance with the receipt and technical standards for raw material inspection before they can be put into storage to prevent unqualified raw materials from entering the production line. ⑤ Raw materials shall be placed reasonably and correctly, and clearly marked. Observe the first-in first-out principle to prevent the inventory from deteriorating for too long. ⑥ Ensure that the warehouse is well ventilated, and monitor the temperature and humidity of the warehouse at any time to control it within the allowable range.
(seven) the quality control of production and processing process
(1) For the control of processing documents, if the process is correct or not, the corresponding work instructions shall be formulated. Operators should have easy access to these files. (2) Personnel control. If special procedures need to be operated by specialized personnel, the operators shall be trained. Those who pass the examination shall be operated with a working license. (3) Equipment and tooling control. Equipment plays a huge role in the manufacturing process of enterprises, which is the key to product quality control and management. The quality of equipment management and control is directly related to the quality and improvement of products. All equipment used in production must be strictly controlled. The key points of equipment control are rational use, careful maintenance, regular inspection and timely maintenance. When necessary, it is necessary to adjust and measure the mechanical capacity to meet the requirements of process quality. (4) Controlling work quality, that is, work quality, is the key to ensure product quality. ⑤ Process control, including: equipped with qualified processing equipment; Equipped with necessary inspection personnel and inspection equipment; Strict process discipline, stop not operating according to process documents; Strictly check and record the sequence changes between processes; Unqualified products shall not be transferred in order and strictly isolated.
(8) Quality inspection control
(1) process inspection control, which is to carry out strict process inspection on each production process, make records, and mark and trace it if necessary. (2) finished product inspection control, and the developed products shall be subject to type inspection. Unless there are special circumstances, the products that have passed the type test can only be inspected by the factory within the validity period of the type test. ③ Factory inspection control (C8) must be carried out after the process inspection is completed. Only those who have passed the factory inspection can keep accounts in the warehouse. Those who fail to pass the examination should be isolated and wait for treatment. When accepting the concession, the customer should sign and notify the relevant parties.
(9) Quality control of finished product warehouse
The finished product warehouse should be well ventilated, and the temperature and humidity should be controlled within the allowable range. Products are neatly stacked. Warehouse products are strictly in accordance with the principle of first-in first-out, to prevent the storage time from being too long and affecting the product quality. Product packaging must meet the transportation requirements.
Third, the management of quality improvement.
(A) clear objectives and requirements
In order to prepare relevant departments and personnel to participate in quality improvement, we must first determine the items and objectives of quality improvement, understand the background of quality improvement activities, analyze the present situation and the possibility of realization, and make clear its demand, scope and importance, and then implement quality improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the problem of improving the quality of products.
For example, a product is produced in two batches from design to finalization. There are many quality problems in the production process, the product reliability level is not high, and the production cycle is long. After delivery to users, the users' reaction is relatively large, mainly manifested in the short working hours of the products, that is, the reliability level is not high (MTBF is only a few tens of hours). In less than a year, dozens of technicians were sent to provide on-site technical services and equipment maintenance for users three times in a row, which caused huge economic losses. Therefore, with the support of unit leaders, the Quality Department, in conjunction with relevant departments such as technology and production, carefully analyzes the quality problems of product users' reactions and the quality problems existing and appearing in production, finds out the main problems and reasons, and clearly defines the improvement projects, parts, objectives and requirements.
(two) to formulate improvement plans and measures.
According to the projects, parts, objectives and requirements that need to be improved, make improvement plans and measures, and implement them within a time limit. For example, (1), the person in charge of the product should rewrite the product quality assurance program to further clarify the quality control measures and requirements in the production process. The key point is to strengthen the precise screening of components used in computers; Denso should strictly implement Denso quality control procedures; Debugging should strictly implement debugging quality control procedures, and the debugging process must be recorded; Environmental stress screening should be carried out after the single machine debugging is completed and submitted to the whole machine for joint test. (2) Make an improvement implementation plan for the improvement project, and organize peer experts to review the implementation plan. After the examination and approval, it can be organized and implemented. (3) Strict manufacturing process discipline, and further strengthen process management and control. In the manufacturing department, we will carry out the Denso quality competition and the Denso welding error-free competition to ensure the Denso quality of products. (4) Some quality problems are caused by improper use by users. Therefore, while improving products, we should also strengthen the technical training for users' operation and use according to their situation. Before the products are delivered to the users, the users shall be trained in operation and use technology, focusing on the functions, principles and operation methods of the products, so as to reduce the quality problems caused by improper operation and use.
(three) supervision and inspection of improvement plans and measures
In order to effectively implement the improvement plan and measures, the quality department should strengthen the quality monitoring and inspection of the production process, and supervise and inspect the implementation of the quality improvement process and measures according to the improvement plan.
(4) Handling of inspection results
The quality department will feed back the inspection situation to the production department in time. The Quality Department and the Production Department will organize technicians to analyze the ineffective measures in the improvement process or the problems in debugging and inspection, and determine whether it is a "* * *" fault. If so, the improvement plan and scheme will be re-formulated to continue the improvement. Secretary hodgepodge network