Urbanization is an important link of social change and an inevitable process of modernization. This paper expounds the present situation of urbanization in China and reviews the development course of urbanization.

History, analyze several urbanization models, and explore strategies suitable for urbanization development in China. Finally, it is pointed out that China should take a diversified and coordinated urbanization road.

Keywords: China; Urbanization road; think

Urbanization is the inevitable process and conclusion of human social and economic development.

Fruit is also a yardstick to measure the economy, society, culture and science of a country and region.

An important symbol of technical level. Urbanization mainly refers to the transformation from rural areas to cities.

The complex process of cities, including the concentration of rural population to cities, cities

The gradual expansion of urban residential areas, the transfer and gathering of non-agricultural activities,

Changes in lifestyle and values, etc. Reform and opening up have made China.

The city is developing rapidly, but the process of urbanization and the economic development of China

The current situation is not harmonious, which has some adverse effects. Currently about

China's urbanization development model and urbanization strategy still exist.

There are many controversies, and exploring the urbanization development path with China characteristics will be.

It is conducive to promoting urbanization research and promoting economic and social development.

First, the status of urbanization in China

World urbanization began with the industrial revolution! "Since this century, this city

The scale and speed of marketization have reached an unprecedented level, reaching # $ $%

In, the proportion of the world urban population to the total population reached &; () *, how many

Almost half the population lives in cities. +#,-.%'/In recent years, cities in China

The level of marketization has been greatly improved, from # $ $ in.

0"( 1$* raised to! " "0 years &" ('0*, the number of cities has changed from.

The number of # $0 in the early days of reform and opening up has increased to%% ",of which more than.

Big cities and megacities reach &; %, the urban economy to China 23.

The contribution rate has exceeded) "*. Some experts predict that in the next few years, if

According to the urbanization rate is not less than the annual growth rate # *, to

! "!" In 2008, the urbanization rate of China will probably reach "4%" *.

The population of this city can probably reach1400 million dollars. Urbanization plays an important role in promoting China society.

Economic development has made important contributions. ! # won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1999.

Joseph stiglitz (56789:; (& lt= & gt？ @ & gtA8)

People think that China faces three major challenges in the new century. The first challenge is.

This is the urbanization of China, and the urbanization of China will increase the regional economy.

Long locomotive, and produce the most important economic benefits ". Chinatown

Urban development report (! ""04! "&)" Statistics show! " "0 years, China.

Gross domestic product reached # #% b% $ &；; 100 million yuan (per capita exceeds # """

Yuan), of which all prefecture-level cities (excluding counties) created 23.

About 23% of the country's population. 23. Cities exceeding # ""100 million yuan.

There are Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Wuhan, Hangzhou,

Shenyang, Nanjing, Foshan, Dalian, Chongqing and Chengdu #0 cities. +! , but

Look at the position of urban development in a country's economic and social development

Leading position.

Since the reform and opening up, China's cities have developed rapidly, but they have kept pace with the world.

Compared with other countries, the level of urbanization in China is still in the primary stage.

Exhibition stage. According to the statistics of the World Bank! ""# years, the world urbanization.

Level & () *, developed countries) (*, developing countries & amp"($*,

Least developed countries! %(! *, and China is 0%()*. Chinatown

The chemical conversion rate is # # percentage points lower than the world average and higher than that of developed countries.

0$ percentage points lower on average. Urbanization and industrialization promote each other,

Coordinated development is the basis for many countries in the world to realize modernization.

Experience. This correlation between industrialization and urbanization is caused by industrialization.

The acceleration period from the initial stage to the middle stage is particularly obvious. according to

Statistics, # $%' year to! """years, the scope of China's industrialization is

Middle income countries! ('times, and the urbanization rate is only this.

Some countries &; %*。 ! "The level of urbanization still lags behind industrialization.

Level #&; (0 percentage point. +0(,.%)) China's urbanization level is seriously lagging behind.

Later, it did not adapt to the level of economic and social development and became a restrictive factor.

The "big bottleneck" of China's economic development and national competitiveness.

The future! "2008 is a period of strategic opportunities for social and economic development in China.

During this period, China is faced with building a well-off society in an all-round way and speeding up the promotion of society.

The strategic task of socialist modernization. Without the great development of urbanization, it is unimaginable. Industrialization without urbanization is deformed, not true.

Endurance. Without urbanization, there will be no modernization. ! "# $% & amp& amp acceleration)

China's urbanization process is the reason for China's sustained and rapid economic growth.

The powerful motive force of rural development is also the foundation to solve the contradiction of dual structure.

This way out.

Second, the evolution and development strategy of urbanization in China.

Compared with other countries and regions in the world, China is a major urbanized country.

If it is initiated and guided by the government. After the founding of New China, China's

Urbanization has experienced a bumpy and tortuous development path. It is roughly possible

It can be divided into three development stages:) * "*+) *, with-as the initial stage.

Duan. ) * * * When New China was founded, the national urban population was only

,-',ten thousand people, urbanization level is only). /' 0, not only much lower.

The average level of urbanization in the world at that time &; 10, also below.

The average level of urbanization in developing countries at that time) 0. After 2 o'clock

Years to heal the wounds of war, restore the national economy, and then

The first five-year plan for developing the national economy has been implemented.

Industrialization scale and urban construction. Urbanization at present stage

It is a relatively stable development period synchronized with industrialization. city

The proportion of population has steadily increased, and the urban population has increased by "ten thousand years" every year.

Average growth rate-/. 0, the increase in urban population, mechanical growth.

Already occupied,' 0. 1 year, the level of urbanization rose from */.0 to.

)2/. 10。 The number of markets has increased from) 2 to)-1.

) *, 1+)*- year is a stage of repetition and stagnation. It's ok specifically.

Divided into) *, 1+)*. Excessive urbanization exists,) *)+) * "exists.

The first anti-urbanization and the second anti-urbanization in *'+) *-'.

Three periods. In the first period, due to the "Left" guiding ideology,

To implement the "Great Leap Forward", a large number of rural people poured into cities and towns.

The average annual growth rate of population is as high as *0, and the proportion of urban population ranges from) *,-

Year) 2/. 10 soared to) *'. Year-end) /') 0. ! # $%). *+))) (Increase

The population greatly exceeds the capacity of the city, plus natural disasters.

Harm and other factors, the country had to streamline personnel, so there was the first one.

Sub-reverse urbanization, urbanization level drops to) "/. &; 0。 In).

During the Cultural Revolution, urbanization was in a state of retrogression and stagnation, and the urban population

Sustained negative growth, the level of urbanization has dropped to)&; /. 10。

Years later, with the advancement of reform, opening up and modernization.

In recent years, the urbanization process in China has entered a stage of stable development. primary

First, the improvement of urbanization level, urban population and its proportion.

Stand up. From) * 1。 Year to) * *, year), year, China city.

The level of industrialization has improved). /'percentage points, with an average annual growth. /-

It is the fastest period of urbanization since the founding of New China.

A period. Secondly, under the influence of various policies and systems,

Starting from the middle of 1. ■ To the beginning *. In 1980s, township enterprises were "different".

The rise of the army ",the rapid development of small towns in China. China's fiscal revenue,

34% of export earnings and total value, and the contribution of township enterprises exceeds) 5.

2。 But in the late *. In the 1980s, the infrastructure of township enterprises did not exist.

Sufficient, serious environmental pollution, invalid information and poor configuration.

Enter a full-scale outbreak period and be forced to enter adjustment. & century *. year

A generation later, a large number of rural people moved to cities. There are probably &; Yinong

Migrant workers work and live in cities and become a new force in urban construction.

Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, I have

China's urbanization is developing rapidly, but behind the accelerated development, it is

The urbanization strategy has wavered several times.

) *-/kloc-proposed at the third national urban work conference held in.

Our urban development policy is to "control the scale of big cities and build more small cities"

Town ". ) * 1. year). 10, the National Construction Committee held a national city in Beijing.

Planning work meeting, determined the "control the scale of big cities, rational development.

Develop medium-sized cities and actively develop small cities.

) * 1* years, the state revised the urban development policy to "strict control.

The scale of big cities, the reasonable development of medium-sized cities and small cities ",and write

It has been included in the Urban Planning Law of People's Republic of China (PRC). After). larger

Over the years, academic circles have discussed cities of different sizes and grades for many times.

Who is the key issue in the process of urbanization in China? Urban development

The policy was changed from "controlling the scale of big cities" to "strictly controlling big cities"

City scale "shows that the state's control over the size of big cities not only doesn't work."

It's relaxing, but trying to strengthen it. In The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China's report,

"We should gradually improve the level of urbanization and adhere to large, medium and small cities and small towns.

Coordinated development of cities and towns, taking the road of urbanization with China characteristics. "Tenth Five-Year Plan"

The planning outline has made a new statement on the development policy of urbanization: "Yes."

Focus on the development of small towns, actively develop small and medium-sized cities and improve the region.

The function of a sexual center city, giving play to the radiation-driven role of big cities, leading

Guide the orderly development of urban dense areas. "

Since the founding of New China, China government has played an important role in urban development.

Historically, it has always tended to control the scale of big cities and develop small town owners.

Nevertheless, Zhang's practical development deviated from the envisaged track.

The development of big cities, especially megacities, has not been restrained.

System. Since & since ... for many years, it has been widely carried out in various places and has shown great

What is dynamic is precisely the scale expansion of large and medium-sized central cities and

Therefore, urban construction is accelerated and urban economy is active. Priority/at the top

It was built in Shenzhen in 1 s and developed in Pudong, Shanghai in * s.

Experience shows that after Beijing's "Olympic bid" and Shanghai's "Expo bid" are successful,

All localities have vigorously strengthened urbanization in their respective development strategies.

The status of China's coastal cities has been established through various types of development.

Area, but also further expanded the scale of urban land use. Practice has proved that,

City size has little to do with policy making, so it can't be done.

The basis of formulating urban development policies.

Thirdly, the analysis of several current urbanization road models.

There is already an understanding of accelerating urbanization in academic circles.

Form a * * * knowledge, but in which type of city is the focus of development, it exists.

There is a big difference). Over the years, there have been many controversies.

)/big city model

The development of urbanization in the world, especially in developing countries.

A notable feature of this process is the rapid growth of big cities.

It reflects the objectivity of the low level of economic and social development to the development of big cities.

Requirements. As mentioned above, although the management department of China has always emphasized controlling the scale of big cities, in fact, the development speed of big cities is

The fastest temperature. In recent years, people have suggested that priority should be given to the development of big cities.

Views. This view holds that, first, the development of big cities in China

Give play to the role of regional center. ! """country #" "more than ten thousand years.

A city with a population of over 100 million ",yes! % is the provincial capital. They are very big.

Most of them are the first cities in the province, and almost all of them are comprehensive.

Industrial bases and new open cities. Secondly, China's big cities.

It is the center of national and regional economic development, and it is not only a regional professional organization.

The powerful production center of industrial division of labor and economic union is also a group.

Material distribution center. Third, China's big cities.

The tertiary industry is relatively developed and has great development potential. Economic globalization and

Capital-intensive and technology-intensive to adapt to the development of international cities.

Producer services, such as telecommunications, electronic information industry and international banking.

Industry, insurance and securities are all concentrated in big cities. & A: No.

Second, China is in a period of rapid economic development, coming from urbanization.

The initial stage is transformed into the mid-term concentration stage. Economic Development and Cities

The development of the city puts forward high requirements for scale and agglomeration. big

Urban agglomeration effect is the key to high efficiency, and its development includes

The obvious agglomeration effect can attract a lot of capital and advanced technology.

Technology, high-level talents and sufficient labor force. Most approval rules

Model economy experts believe that the urbanization of China should take the road of expansion of large and medium-sized cities.

Ability-oriented road. Third, China is a country with a large population and per capita income.

In a country with scarce resources, in the long run, the urbanization of China must

Only by choosing the road of efficiency can we realize modernization and catch up with development.

Country. It should be said that big cities are saving resources, protecting the environment and improving

It has obvious advantages in economic benefits and improving living standards.

Potential. Therefore, actively develop large and medium-sized cities to improve limited resources.

Utilization ratio should be the future urbanization of China under the condition of market economy.

The development trend of. & amp)(*+! Fourth, big cities are advancing the process of urbanization.

China often plays a leading role, and the urbanization of China is the urbanization of the world.

Therefore, some waves will also follow the development of world urbanization.

General principles, embark on the development path of big cities. & amp%(*+! %,-

For a long time, government departments have been paying attention to big cities and super-large ones.

There are often worries and fears in the development of cities, and some scholars are right.

The development of big cities is crucial. Think that the development of big cities, farmers.

A large influx of cities will cause environmental pollution, traffic congestion and disorder, and lack of funds.

Lack of resources, urban infrastructure and employment opportunities can not keep up with "big cities"

Urban disease. Nowadays, more and more people think it is inappropriate to use the word "big city"

Disease "is too serious and can be used in the process of social and economic development."

Be ruled. From the perspective of environmental protection, gathering in big cities

It is more reasonable to have a large population. Decentralized living is very important for resources and energy.

Consumption is more uneconomical and inefficient. On the contrary, urbanization lags behind.

"Small town disease", such as rural township industrial division.

The disorder phenomenon in the construction of scattered small towns is better than that in general "big cities"

Diseases are more difficult to treat. At the same time, it should also be noted that some cities have proposed

To be "strong" and "big", infrastructure and economic strength are not enough.

Yes, keep up. To be a strong city, it is not to engage in enclosure movement, but not to

The key to unlimited urban expansion is to enhance strength and competitiveness.

Strive for strength, improve urban functions and truly develop the city.

! Medium-sized city model

Advocates of this model believe that the advantages of medium-sized cities mainly lie in

It should be manifested in two aspects: first, medium-sized cities are about to be promoted.

The special status of big cities, huge development potential and floating population

The threshold for entering the city is relatively low, attracting compared with large and small cities.

The potential of rural surplus labor force will be greater, medium-sized cities.

It is also easy to attract the scientific and technological strength and facilities of big city escape sequence.

Reserve and fund. This powerful ability to absorb the upper and lower levels makes big cities

Surplus scientific and technological strength in cities and surplus labor force in rural areas can all be here.

Effective allocation is conducive to the rationality of resources in the national economy.

Rationally adjust the layout and industrial structure. & b) Go to a medium-sized city.

The future is a bridge between big cities and small cities, which is of great significance in economic development.

Today, the trend of spheroidization is becoming more and more obvious, which is the transit of radiation in big cities.

Stations and transit stations to promote regional economic development. Third, medium-sized cities.

Its economic benefits are much better than those of small cities, nor are they better than those of big cities.

Pity. It can not only exert the agglomeration effect of industrial production and urban communities,

It can also avoid the disadvantages of high population density in big cities and megacities.

End. Medium-sized cities not only gather interests and communicate with the countryside.

There are advantages, and the development of medium-sized cities is very large for China

Rural floating population provides a way out, but it will not bring much.

Environment, land and natural resources issues.

$. Small town model

Those who are in favor of developing small towns think that small towns are cities and towns.

The combination of village and community can connect the urban and rural markets better and faster.

Next, it can provide the surrounding villages with means of production and daily work.

The function of the product is beneficial to the development of agriculture and the needs of farmers' life.

Satisfaction has also promoted the development of rural secondary and tertiary industries. develop

Small towns are conducive to promoting the deep processing of agricultural products and rural resources.

Transformation, promote the development of township enterprises and the level of rural urbanization.

Improvement of. Starting from the national conditions, developing small towns is beneficial to rural surplus.

Solving the labor force on the spot and alleviating the contradiction between rural population and less land is

Effectively reduce the pressure on big cities and slow down the rural surplus labor force.

The fundamental way of a series of social problems brought about by domestic mobility

Diameter.

In recent years, small towns have experienced intensive development.

Low degree of industrialization, poor economic benefits, shortage of funds and occupation of cultivated land,

Environmental pollution is great, urban functions are single and low, and infrastructure is poor.

After that, the investment environment was poor, and the ability to absorb labor decreased year by year.

, a huge obstacle to development, but also affect the whole of China.

Urbanization process. Opponents believe that small towns are a special period of history.

The product of the condition is produced and developed under the urban-rural division system.

Small towns cannot fundamentally solve the problems of rural reform and development.

Title.

The development mode of small towns is also related to urbanization and

A vague understanding of the concept of "urbanization" International popular "city"

",but in our country, talk about some from the central leaders.

Important documents are more commonly known as "urbanization". Actually,

In fact, the essence of urbanization in China is the same as that of international urbanization.

The meaning is the same, just as modernization and modernization are "!" #$

The Chinese translation of%&() *+('') is the same as urbanization and urbanization.

It is also ",&; The Chinese translation of-*' () *+("'"is a common language. city

There is no essential difference between urbanization and urbanization. No matter "city"

Or "town" includes "city" and "town". In that way

But some researchers hold different opinions on the concepts of "urbanization" and "urbanization"

Urbanization is the development of the city, and urbanization is

Develop small towns. They put forward, "China did not adopt the state.

The formulation of urbanization is common in the world and adopts the formulation of urbanization.

One of the important reasons is to emphasize that small towns cannot be ignored.

Function. ""We often see' cities' in some documents of the Party and the government.

"Towns" seldom use "urbanization" for the sake of "cities".