At present, China's urbanization process is accelerating, and a large number of rural people flood into cities, which leads to the shortage of urban land and further promotes the rise of high-rise buildings and super-high-rise buildings. At the same time, high-rise buildings attach great importance to the utilization of underground space resources, usually there are two or three floors underground. In order to adapt to this change, it is necessary to continuously increase the depth of foundation pit, so it is extremely important to improve the application level of deep foundation pit construction technology. At the same time, the existing environmental conditions in our country are very limited, and it is impossible to expand the area of foundation pit indefinitely, so the construction of deep foundation pit support technology is becoming more and more difficult. Nowadays, with the development of social economy and science and technology, the process of updating technical equipment and applying new technologies has been accelerated. However, as a complex project, foundation pit excavation has a series of defects and deficiencies, which further increases the instability of high-rise buildings and requires deep foundations to have certain bearing capacity. Therefore, we must constantly improve the research and development level of deep foundation pit support technology, minimize the occurrence of safety problems, ensure the stability of high-rise buildings and surrounding buildings, and create a safe living environment for people.

Environmental problems around buildings

environmental problems

The construction site of high-rise buildings is generally in cities. The urban environmental monitoring department should strengthen the supervision of the construction unit, control the vibration and noise generated by the project within a certain range before construction, and conduct scientific and reasonable treatment of mud and chemical slurry to avoid slurry leakage as much as possible and reduce the damage to the environment caused by construction.

Residential housing problem

High-rise buildings do not exist independently in a region, and there must be a certain number of houses around them. During the construction of high-rise buildings, irreversible damage will be caused to the surrounding houses. Before construction, it is necessary to do a good job of investigation to avoid the harm of settlement and deformation of houses.

Problems of surrounding building facilities and underground pipelines

There are many other infrastructures around high-rise buildings, and a huge pipeline system crisscrosses underground, which hinders the excavation of deep pits. In order to protect urban underground pipelines and surrounding building facilities as much as possible, we should actively explore new vertical construction methods to promote the smooth construction of urban high-rise buildings.

Space limitation problem

The area of deep foundation pit in urban high-rise buildings is not randomly selected, but limited. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange the spatial layout reasonably in the construction process to lay the foundation for the smooth operation of deep foundation pit.

Preparatory stage work

design effort

The premise and key of a construction project is the design work. At present, many domestic reports have exposed construction problems, the direct reason of which is unreasonable construction design. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen the supervision of the design of deep foundation pit support technology for high-rise buildings. At the same time, the deep foundation pit supporting technology of high-rise buildings is also restricted by a series of subjective and objective factors, which further increases the difficulty of construction design. Therefore, in the engineering design stage, we should pay more attention to the construction design, equip excellent engineering and technical personnel as much as possible, and strengthen the inspection of the construction site, so as to obtain a large number of accurate hydrogeological conditions, form a whole with surrounding buildings and underground pipe networks, and design a relatively reasonable construction scheme. In addition, after the completion of the construction plan, engineers should strengthen technical review to avoid frequent mistakes and mistakes. After the design is completed, they should communicate with engineers, report the details and process of the project in detail, and let the executives know the details of the project implementation plan.

Construction scheme selection

When the construction unit submits the design scheme, some units misappropriate other construction schemes without authorization in order to save time, and some construction units' scheme design is not reasonable and lacks practical guiding significance. Therefore, in order to ensure the scientific and reasonable construction scheme, it is necessary to give full play to the role of supervision engineer, strictly examine the construction scheme, order the enterprises whose design is not up to standard to revise it, constantly improve the construction design scheme, and consult experts for guidance and audit on complex matters.

Construction unit selection

In order to ensure the smooth progress of the construction project, we must do a good job in selecting the construction unit. The construction technology of deep foundation pit support is a key and difficult project. When selecting the construction unit, we should strictly review the reputation, technology, experience and personnel. At the same time, the supervision engineer should help the owner choose a reliable construction unit, pay close attention to the subcontracting phenomenon, and ensure the quality and safety of the project.

Work in the construction stage

After all the preparations are ready, the deep foundation pit support technology can start construction. The following is a discussion on how to do a good job in building engineering.

construction technique

(1) preparation stage. Be familiar with the design scheme before construction, carefully survey the construction site, confirm the surrounding buildings, underground pipelines, geological conditions and roads one by one, and mark the key areas. Once the design scheme is found to be inconsistent with the actual situation, communicate with the design unit as soon as possible to adjust the scheme design to ensure the smooth construction.

(2) Supporting pile construction stage. In the construction stage of supporting piles, reinforced concrete arm guards are generally used, supplemented by manual digging piles, including electric hoists and buckets, to ensure the smooth excavation. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically and reasonably prepare concrete in actual operation, ensure the quality and management safety of reinforcing cages, strengthen the management of discharging and hole formation, strengthen the process control and improve the quality level of finished piles.

(3) Anchor construction stage. As a kind of tie rod, anchor rod is relatively advanced at present, with one end mainly fixed in the connecting structure and the other end fixed to the bedrock. Once the deep pit is dug to the reference point of the aiming rod, a series of construction procedures are needed to finally fix the anchor rod. After the completion of the project, it is necessary to test and analyze the effect of the anchor rod, and the anchor rod construction can only be completed after meeting the design of the construction scheme.

(4) Earthwork excavation stage. After the project enters the earthwork excavation stage, in order to reduce dust pollution to the environment, layered excavation should be selected as far as possible. Construction personnel shall ensure that excavation and transportation are carried out at the same time, and assign special personnel to clean them. At the same time, it is necessary to control the progress of earthwork excavation, pay close attention to the progress of the project, investigate and deal with abnormal situations in time, and formulate feasible improvement measures to ensure the smooth progress of excavation construction.

waterproof material

The construction of deep foundation pit in high-rise building has great influence on the surrounding groundwater. Groundwater mainly includes rainwater, confined water, seepage of surrounding pipe network and diving. Seasonal change and precipitation will cause the change of groundwater level, so it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of groundwater level in construction work and promote the smooth development of waterproof work from three aspects: precipitation, waterproof and drainage. The main measure is to adopt water-stop curtain.

emergency

As a complex system engineering, the construction of building engineering needs a lot of money, long construction period and many people. However, there are a series of unknown factors in deep foundation pit support construction. Therefore, various preventive measures should be taken in the construction process, including water seepage cracks, foundation pit settlement, piping in the supporting area, etc., and an operable emergency plan should be formulated in advance to improve the ability and efficiency of the construction unit to deal with emergencies and minimize the economic losses caused by emergencies.

Monitoring work

The stability and overall stiffness of high-rise building foundation pit will affect the overall quality of deep foundation pit support construction. Some changes are inevitable, so it is necessary to strengthen monitoring in the construction stage of deep foundation pit support and control the change value within a certain range. Relevant staff should strengthen the monitoring of geological changes and supporting structures during the foundation pit excavation stage, scientifically analyze the dynamic results, make a complete dynamic change analysis chart, accurately predict the future construction trend, and report possible dangers to relevant departments in time to ensure construction safety. At the same time, there is great uncertainty in the support technology of deep foundation pit. With the increasing height, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the internal force of support and take relevant measures in time to reduce the probability of risk. Various factors are uncertain in the construction of deep foundation pit support in high-rise buildings. Inspectors should protect the safety of monitoring points as much as possible, strengthen detection, do a good job in maintaining and replacing damaged detection equipment, ensure the reliability and safety of detection results, and promote the smooth development of monitoring work.

At present, with the acceleration of urbanization, high-rise buildings have sprung up in cities, and deep foundation pit support technology has also been produced and widely used to meet the needs of development. With the further development of science and technology and society, the prospect of deep foundation pit support technology is more and more broad. At the same time, the wide application of deep foundation pit support technology has promoted the further development of high-rise buildings in China, objectively improved the quality level of Chinese buildings and promoted the development of socialist economy.

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