Yang Yang, Gan Pingsheng, Hu,
(Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 5 10080)
summary
Abstract: Food packaging materials are closely related to food hygiene and safety. Food packaging must ensure the hygiene and safety of packaged food in order to become safe food.
Because only qualified raw materials, food additives, packaging materials and containers can produce food that meets the quality and safety requirements. From food hygiene inspectors
In order to help people pay attention to food hygiene and safety and improve consumers' identification ability, this paper discusses the hygiene and safety of food packaging materials.
[Keywords:] food packaging materials; National health standards; security evaluation
With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to food safety and hygiene.
Health problems, and food packaging materials as an important means to ensure food safety and hygiene.
Get more and more attention. Judging from the spot check results of tableware and food packaging,
We found that the hygiene and safety of food packaging materials can not be ignored:
Because food packaging is closely related to health and safety, there are many serious problems.
It is particularly important to study the safety of food packaging materials.
1 Types and hygienic standards of food packaging materials
1. 1 food packaging materials
At present, food containers, packaging materials and their use in manufacturing are allowed in China.
Tools and equipment for food include (1) plastic products-thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.
Serialized products such as materials, plastic additives; (2) Rubber products-natural rubber and synthetic rubber
Serialized products such as rubber and rubber additives; The auxiliaries used for the first three organic compounds must be
Comply with GB 85-l994 "Hygienic Standard for the Use of Additives in Food Containers and Packaging Materials".
Quasi "requirements; (3) The coating on the inner wall of the food container is a film-forming coating at normal temperature and cured at high temperature.
Serialized coatings and additives such as film forming; (4) Ceramic and enamel tableware; (5) aluminum products,
Stainless steel tableware container, iron tableware container, glass tableware container; (6) Food packaging
Serialized products such as paper; (7) Composite packaging bag-composite film and composite film bag
Serialized products such as.
1.2 main hygienic indicators of food packaging materials
Hygienic indicators of food packaging materials mainly include: evaporation residue (acetic acid, B.
Alcohol, n-hexane), potassium permanganate consumption, heavy metals, residual toxins, etc. In food
In the hygienic standard of containers and packaging materials, they are soaked in various liquids and then measured.
Determine the migration amount of these liquid-related components. The choice of solvent is food container,
Packaging materials depend on the kind of food they come into contact with and are generally used according to different physical conditions.
Chemicals, such as distilled water (neutral food) and 4% acetic acid (acidic food)
Sex food), 8% ~ 60% ethanol (representing alcoholic food), n-hexane (generation
Table fat food); The consumption of potassium permanganate in distilled water solvent after soaking is also called
Do oxygen consumption (representing total organic matter and insoluble matter migrated into food)
Quantity); Decolorization test; Other arsenic, fluorine and heavy metals that are easy to cause food pollution.
(lead, cadmium, antimony, germanium, cobalt, chromium, zinc), organic monomer residues, pyrolysis products (vinyl chloride
Ethylene, styrene, phenol, nitrile rubber, formaldehyde), additives, aging and other harmful elements.
Determination. Evaporation residue represents the total amount of soluble and insoluble substances that migrate into food.
Its amount reflects that the food packaging bag is broken when it comes into contact with liquid during use.
The possibility of residues, heavy metals, fluorescent substances and residual toxins. If you use this
Food packaging contains food, which will be polluted to varying degrees and people will eat it.
After toxins enter the human body, they will be deposited in internal organs for a long time, causing chronic poisoning.
In particular, excessive heavy metals in human body will weaken human immune function and damage nerves.
Hematopoietic system and reproductive system, especially suitable for growing children and adolescents.
Physical and intellectual development has adverse effects, and the obstacles are slowed down or even irreversible.
1.3 Hygienic standard for food packaging materials
There are two aspects of hygiene standards: raw materials and products. In terms of raw materials
The hygienic standard of noodles is GB969 1 Hygienic standard of polyethylene resin for food.
GB96~ (Hygienic standard of polystyrene resin for food) and GB9693{ for food.
Hygienic standard for polypropylene resin. Of the three resin standards, polyethylene and poly.
The amount of propylene is the largest, and the amount of polystyrene is the least, and it will be less and less. In addition, the country
Besides these three resin standards, there are other standards, such as polyester (PET) and nylon (PA).
Hygienic standard for resin. In the hygienic standard of these raw materials, there are heavy metal contents,
Evaporation residue, consumption of potassium permanganate, decolorization index, etc. And in foreign indicators,
There are also regulations on the contents of aldehydes, heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic and mercury, phenols and amines.
The hygienic standard of molded products is GB% 87 {polyethylene for food packaging.
Hygienic standard for olefin molded products, GB9688{ Hygienic of polypropylene molded products for food packaging}.
Standard ",GB9689" Hygienic standard for polystyrene molded products for food packaging "and
G~683{ Hygienic standard for composite food packaging bags ". Hygienic labels of the first three kinds of molded products
There are details such as evaporation residue, potassium permanganate consumption and heavy metal content in the quasi-project.
Index, and the fourth "hygienic standard for composite food packaging bags", and added diamine.
The content of methyltoluene shall not be greater than the index of 0.004 m L. This is because in food
In packaging materials, trace substances harmful to health in adhesives will also affect the whole.
The hygienic performance of the system, diaminotoluene is a carcinogen, must be
Must be strictly controlled. Molded products must have corresponding hygiene standards, the purpose of which is to
Preventing misuse and abuse of additives is to better protect direct packaging and contact.
Food materials have high hygiene and safety performance.
In addition to the above health standards and indicators, China's composite packaging materials
In the material standard, there is a residual solvent that should not be greater than 65438 100mkg, for example.
Such as GBIO0(~) and GB 10005, the residual amount of toluene in them has increased recently.
Get more than 3 m kg of content. This is due to the differences in packaging materials in recent years.
The requirements of taste and potential toxicity are becoming more and more strict, so in addition to limiting its residue,
Besides quantity, water-based inks, adhesives and alcohol-soluble oils have also been developed.
New products, such as inks and adhesives and solvent-free adhesives, are designed to ensure compounding.
The material has high purity, hygiene and safety. In order to control the food container
And the hygiene and safety of packaging materials, China has also formulated GB9685{ food containers, bags
Hygienic standard for the use of additives for loading materials, in this hygienic standard for additives, stipulates that
The names of 58 specific substances in 17 categories, such as additives, solvents and adhesives, were determined.
And the maximum dosage is similar to that of FDA2L CFR&; 175. 105 and Japanese adhesives
"Independent regulations", listing the names of auxiliary materials that can be used in the field of food packaging.
List and its maximum dose, in addition, are not allowed to use.
1.4 Toxic and harmful substances that may not be used in food packaging materials
China stipulates that phenolic resin shall not be used to manufacture tableware, containers and production pipelines.
Roads, conveyor belts and other packaging materials that directly contact food; In general, chloroprene shall not be used.
Manufacturing rubber products for food, lead oxide, hexamethylenetetramine, aromatic amine and o-mercaptoimine.
Oxazoline, α-mercaptobenzothiazole (accelerator M), dimethylthiazole disulfide (accelerator
Feed DM), ethylbenzene-β-naphthylamine (antioxidant J), p-phenylenediamine and styrene.
Phenol and antioxidant124 shall not be used in rubber products for food; Laws and regulations in China
The colorants of rubber products used in food industry should be iron oxide and titanium dioxide.
Therefore, in appearance, it is stipulated that red and white rubber is used in food industry, which is strong.
Black rubber products are used in non-food industry; Coatings on the inner wall of containers shall not be used.
Highly toxic or toxic additives. Ceramic products, enamel tableware, metal and glass tableware containers.
The raw materials shall not use harmful metals, and the raw materials of metal tableware are mixed with harmful metals such as lead and cadmium.
Or other chemical poisons, drinks made from galvanized iron containers occur from time to time in China.
In case of food poisoning, the state stipulates that tinplate is not allowed to be used in food machinery and food.
Most industrial applications are black iron sheets; In high-grade glassware, such as goblets.
Lead compounds are often added to cups, which is a prominent sanitary problem in glassware; no
It is necessary to use waste recycled paper as raw material for papermaking, because although waste recycled paper passes through
Decolorization only removes ink pigments, while lead, cadmium and polychlorinated biphenyls can still remain in paper.
In the flesh; Fluorescent brighteners are prohibited for food packaging paper and used for food packaging.
Paraffin wax, pay attention to the problem of cellophane softener, and comply with GB 1 1680-89 (food
Hygienic standard for packaging base paper; The composite film food packaging bag adopts polyurethane.
T-tape comes from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which will migrate when the food is cooked.
Enters food and hydrolyzes to generate carcinogenic 2,4-diaminotoluene (TDA),
It shall comply with GB 9683- 1988 (Hygienic standard for composite food packaging bags); Trace elements in food
Some organisms are also caused by unqualified packaging materials and containers, especially
Unsanitary and safe paper packaging supplies, leather, natural rubber, wood and other materials.
It is easy to cause mold (fungus) pollution of food, especially liquid food.
2. Health and safety management methods of foreign food packaging materials
Food packaging safety management in developed countries in Europe and America has its own characteristics, but there are also some
* * * Similarities:
2. 1 scientific legislation
First of all, the legislative, law enforcement and judicial organs should be separated to ensure legislative decision-making.
Science, transparency and public participation. The United States and the States (France is each
The foundation of law is strict, flexible and scientific, as well as federal and state laws.
It is stipulated that the food production and packaging industries have laws to follow and are obliged to produce safe food according to law.
Set responsibilities. Federal, state and local governments are using laws to manage food.
In the process of food processing, food bears the responsibility of complementarity and internal independence.
2.2 Justice in law enforcement
The Constitution entrusts law enforcement, legislation and judicature with their respective responsibilities.
Institutions are responsible in the national food safety system. A country as a legislature
Will, formulate and promulgate laws and regulations to ensure food safety; Congress also authorized law enforcement agencies
Institutions implement these laws and regulations, and these law enforcement branches can formulate and implement them.
Law on the implementation of laws and regulations. When the implementation of laws and regulations causes disputes, the judicial organs
Make a fair verdict. In the United States, laws, decrees and presidential executive orders have been formed.
A complete system to ensure openness and transparency to the public.
2.3 Five Principles
Generally speaking, the food packaging safety system follows the following five guiding principles.
Li: The decision of food safety laws and regulations is based on science. The government is just.
Legal obligations; Only safe and healthy food can enter the market for sale; Manufacturer,
Distributors and importers should abide by the above principles, otherwise they will bear legal responsibilities.
Ren; The formulation process of laws and regulations is transparent and open.
2.4 International cooperation
In the food packaging safety systems of the United States and France, international cooperation and cooperation are combined.
As a national food safety policy and decision, learning-based safety prevention and risk analysis.
An important basis for policy. This is a long-term food safety policy in the United States and France.
Needle. In terms of cooperation, on the one hand, through cooperation with international organizations, such as world food
Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC, World Health Organization, WHO, FAO.
FAO and others cooperate to solve technical problems, emergency problems and food safety incidents. ; another
Through the cooperation of experts from government agencies and consultation or cooperation with other scientists
Providing technical and scientific advice to regulators; Emphasize food
Pathogen early warning system; Authorized to formulate laws and regulations according to technological development,
In order to update knowledge and protect consumers, laws and norms should be revised.
In order to effectively implement the food safety system law and ensure the food packaging safety.
Developed countries in Europe and America have established corresponding management with high credibility.
Institutions, such as French National Certification Committee, CNLC National Label Appraisal Committee and WHO.
Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture and National Specialty Research Institute; United States Food and Drug Administration
(FDA), US Food Safety and Inspection Bureau (FSIS), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Bureau.
(APHIS), environmental protection agency (EPA) and other organizations have promised to protect consumers.
The primary responsibility of safety and health.
3. Measures to strengthen the hygienic management of food packaging materials
3. 1 Accelerate the revision and formulation of food packaging hygiene standards and safety regulations.
Developed countries in Europe and America are pioneers in formulating food packaging safety regulations in the world.
After 100 years of development, a perfect food packaging safety management system has been established.
China's food packaging materials also have corresponding laws, regulations and hygiene standards, such as China.
Food Hygiene Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and Management Office of Plastic Products and Raw Materials for Food.
Law ","Hygienic Management Measures for Rubber Products Used in Food "and" Sanitary Tube for Ceramic Tableware Containers "
Management measures, sanitary management measures for enamel tableware containers, etc. Due to some food packaging
The hygienic standard of packaging was formulated in the last century, and there are relatively few testing items.
Due to the lack of corresponding food standards and corresponding detection indicators, many new products are required.
And the corresponding detection methods and standards, so that some food packaging materials (including basic materials
The hidden harmful components in materials, adhesives, inks) cannot be controlled. According to tradition
Food packaging made by this process will contain additives, such as antioxidants.
Solvents for chemicals, benzene, toluene and other harmful substances, although most of them are being manufactured.
In this process, it will volatilize, but with the passage of time, a small amount of solvent will remain between the composite membranes.
Over time, it penetrates into food from the surface of the film, making it deteriorate and taste bad, and increasing food.
Unsafe factors. In the composite packaging materials, besides resins and additives, there are also
Ink and adhesive, two widely used materials, have no separate hygiene standards at present.
Yes, there is no national unified product standard, only the "enterprises" of various production enterprises.
Standard ",which needs to attract our attention and do relevant research work in time.
3.2 Strengthen the inspection and supervision of food packaging materials including their raw materials.
Strengthen the inspection and supervision of food packaging. Inspection and supervision should be at a critical juncture.
Move forward to prevent unqualified food from entering the market and endangering society. Ensure food safety
All-quality, providing consumers with a hygienic, safe, environmentally friendly, convenient and beautiful food.
Product packaging.
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