How to cultivate students' observation ability
I often hear some middle school students say, "I'm afraid of writing and have a headache." I always feel that there is nothing to write. " Some simply said, "I really don't know what to write and where to write." Some students also spent money to write it. After a careful look, they just started to perfunctory a few words and ended up hastily. General and incomprehensible. In view of these circumstances, I often encourage students to write and speak with pens. In addition, in order to have something to say, we must carefully observe the people and things around us and avoid making things up and behind closed doors. Concerned about the lack of observation and analysis, the things around me, because of the lack of material, so I feel speechless and can't write.
What did you observe? The so-called observation is to look into your eyes. Many "concepts" are almost "police". It is a habit to be cautious and always pay attention to everything. French writer Mo Bosang, known as the king of short story worship in the world, is a famous writer Flaubert. As a teacher, one day, he sat at home, compiled a novel and wrote the story to Flaubert. Flaubert said, "I advise you not to be busy writing these empty things." Everything you see on the road, except riding the revolution every day, is accurate and carefully recorded. " "So Mo Bosang realized, Flaubert taught him to learn to observe life with his eyes, understand life, and enhance compliance with this basic skill. From then on, he spent about a year observing every day, and finally wrote the novel Dim Sum, becoming a world-famous novelist. Later, when summing up his own creative experience, Mo Bosang said, "Observe the performance of what you want very carefully for a long time, and discover the characteristics that others have not discovered or written, as well as the undiscovered things ..." Mr. Lu Xun once said. " This is a summary of Lu Xun's long-term creative experience. Therefore, if you want to write a good article, you must attach important observation things to improve your observation ability. But how can you draw students' attention to the things around you? I want to talk about two things:
In order to stimulate students' interest in observation
Psychologists believe that there is no motivation in learning, and motivation is the premise of learning. In composition teaching, teachers should be good at stimulating students' writing desire, mobilizing students' writing enthusiasm and changing passivity into initiative. High school students already have strong non-discrimination ability, and they often have strong desires. Teachers should firmly grasp this desire and guide them to write excellent articles.
Each grade clearly stipulates the teaching of course composition, which requires a planned and systematic implementation of the course. Course articles, with specific requirements and students' constraints, often appear passive, but they are essential. In composition teaching, I have always adopted a "two-pronged" approach: on the one hand, I arrange necessary extracurricular compositions, on the other hand, I arrange a certain amount of extracurricular writing exercises. For example, last year, I took a group from Grade Two. In addition to the two-week big article, I ask each student to write an article for at least one week, with weekly spot checks and comments.
Writing prose is to give students full freedom, freedom of choice and freedom of writing style, that is, freedom. Only write about the people or things you are most familiar with, interested in and impressed by. Comment, lyric, narrative, arbitrary. Plausibly, there are too many bits and pieces of dozens of words, not too few: different lengths, nothing found, having fun and writing casually. Unconsciously cultivate students' interest and ability to observe things. Their writing style is relatively simple. First, the horizon is gradually broadened, and the writing career of the society is written from the side. The content is increasingly rich: the joys and sorrows of life storm, family, social knowledge and so on. The real universe, it is best to end at T, students often make detailed observations on campus, from kings to people, from people's affairs, and write about campus life one after another. In an article, I saw creative enthusiasm and interest, and students observed students' writing desire. Not only is there something to write, but it is also more real and closer to life. Over the past year or so, remarkable results have been achieved. Many students talked about their experiences in writing papers and agreed that the requirements of writing papers urged them to observe and think. Someone said, "I must keep my eyes open every day." Some people say, "I haven't been observing listening all the time, because I need to write essays, whether at home, in the car or at school ..." Students in the two classes finish the tasks assigned by me every Wednesday, but it is because of their interest in things around them that many people consciously develop the habit of keeping diaries.
At the same time, in the teaching of composition class, I consciously stimulate students' interest in observation. For example, I arranged an article, "Remember the students in this class drawing in class? Grasp its physical characteristics, describe and observe it, and see who wants to write a most familiar feature. Most students can master it. Another example is the production of cloisonne. I arranged an article, "XX Vegetable Production", which aroused the students' interest in observation. Therefore, students' interest is to stimulate their exciting creative enthusiasm, and they must write an excellent realistic work. In short, if you want students to write good articles, you must first let them practice this basic skill.
Guide students to observe
Stimulate students' interest, while observing, but also guide students how to observe and how to observe.
I told the students a story: jewelers can do business. In ancient Persia, the sales of gold, silver and jewelry were often focused on customers' eyes to maintain a very prosperous business. He kept his mouth shut about other secrets that needed to be explored until his death. It was his only son who taught this trick: "It is not accurate to stare at each other's eyes. Every other pupil will stare at one, and the pupil will not lie." If a diamond ring is shiny and has dilated pupils, you boldly pay 30% or more of the original price, but the necklace does not dilate other pupils, you should replace it immediately ... In short, stare at each other. "
Of course, jewelers don't learn business sense, but it causes changes in buyers' speculative psychology, which is an external manifestation worth learning.
Observing, I pay attention to guiding students to master the nature and characteristics, not just "seeing". Lu Xun, the champion of modern literature, is indeed a good observer. Especially in observing characters, he is critical and meticulous. He once said: "It is very economical to draw a person with characteristics, and it is best to draw his eyes." Not long ago, in the short story "Blessing" I taught him, I focused on analyzing the eyes described by Lu Xun's sister-in-law Xianglin three times. When she first arrived at Lu's home, she always "walked" in front of her eyes, which showed that she was docile and single-minded to her friends; Second, Yan Lu's eyes ",but" his eyes are full of tears, and his eyesight is not as good as before ",which shows that her spirit has become a beggar in extreme grief through great economic stimulus. Sister Xianglin is a completely different person: her face is "like a woodcut" and "only her eyes are occasional, which also shows that she is a living thing. "She is on the verge of death, her mind is numb, and her heart is greatly hurt. Lu Xun only caught the eye of the protagonist Xianglinsao. In contrast, he wrote about the changes in the inner world of tragic characters. Then I arranged an article for students to observe. Through their own eyes, I think of the worker in our school, Lao Yuan, who retired a few years ago, but the work of sending and receiving newspapers has begun to show results. Send letters to all classes on time at 6: 30 every day, and send newspapers and magazines to different teaching and research institutes at 8: 00. It never stops except Sunday. Therefore, some students focus on describing his glasses, while others walk unsteadily, writing that there is something wrong with his left leg, and catching Lao Yuanren to make a fuss about his clothes on purpose. Therefore, an ordinary and great ordinary person jumps out from every student in his works from different sides and angles. In this way, students gradually realize that everything around them is "observed". "
Of course, we emphasize that students should pay attention to observation and guide them to use correct health concepts to observe. For example, some students see all the corrupt and unhealthy practices in our social reality. We think this behavior is an article that exposes the dark side and makes them complain. Actually, this is a misunderstanding. I tell students to analyze the ignorance and backwardness of life, intrigue and frustration, which are not recognized. However, it should be noted: What is the mainstream of our life? You were born to be a key middle school. Are high school students exposed to the sun and rain or stormy weather? Are things around you more positive or negative? In addition, the unhealthy trend in life, people now hate exposure and lace, but it can't make us lose confidence in life. Such ugly things occupy our minds, but it should make our lives sunny everywhere. After my guidance, I realized through observation that many students' writing should be healthy and positive, on the one hand, it is truly heartfelt, on the other hand.
Because I pay attention to cultivating students' observation ability, many students' writing style has gradually improved, especially the true feelings revealed by many excellent works. A student wrote an article entitled "Stroke". Please remember that one of his neighbors is a young man who failed in the college entrance examination. The young man missed two points last year and looked at his father's rickety body. "His mother was wrinkled two days ago, and his little brother didn't have the heart to check." Although my father has said' I borrow money' for a year, he has been living with apologies and suffering from heart disease. Is there any information about the senior high school entrance examination and going to work in the south? This year, he worked every day and stayed up all night studying for them. Soon, he came back to take part in this year's college entrance examination, and his financial and trade achievements were notified by the college. The student wrote: "He went, but at this time the people in the village put him on the train. He saw his father's rickety body, his mother's wrinkled face and blurred eyes ... "What a touching scene, how to shoot it! "Later, I asked the student if it was really written, and he said," This is when I saw with my own eyes that the young man was my cousin. On the day of seeing him off, I specially asked for leave to go home and say goodbye to him. What I wrote is true. I just think, I see it. "
Yes, as long as we look at many things in daily life, we will find something. Isn't it? Apple ordinary Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation and initiated a new era of science. It is common for the water in the pot to tumble. Watt's invention of the steam engine led to the industrial revolution. As a young Chekhov author said, "Look at the wall. If it is an interesting little place, but you concentrate on it, you will find something in it that others have not noticed. You can write it down. " This means observing, thinking, observing with your own eyes and thinking with your own mind.
Observing the daily chores around you can help you acquire knowledge and find the true meaning of life.
Learn to accumulate articles
The importance of "reading thousands of books, writing like a god", "a clever woman can't cook without rice" and "accumulation" is explained in words from both positive and negative aspects. The usual accumulation of examination room play ",is * * * students with the same test experience. "
(A) language creates "vocabulary". Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary has a wide range, not only referring to the cohesion of words, phrases, sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to build vocabulary: the first is to grab fresh and popular spoken books, widely read books, newspapers and periodicals, and good study notes, extract beautiful words, sentences and texts from a book, or read memory cards. The second is life. Written in these languages? Carry a small notebook or card with you, so over time, with a little accumulation, you can talk eloquently and write beautifully.
(2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. This material is the flesh and blood of the article. Many students usually do not pay attention to the accumulated information to find every article, or make up or copy it. The solution to this problem is the accumulation of materials. If you have the conditions at ordinary times, use cameras and tape recorders to learn about life, actively participate in it, and record the scenes of family life, school life and social life in time in the form of life and sketches, diaries and observation notes. Records capture details, people, events, objects and landscape features. Writing an article like this will be flesh and blood.
(3) Strengthen ideological style and accumulation. This view is the soul of the article. The center of the article is not clear, or there is no profound concept, and thinking is often a superficial description. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". Method: Good thinking. "More ideas, more gains." Think deeply at ordinary times and don't ask "why", "what" and "how". This allows us to see the essence through the phenomenon, and everyone should always record the thoughts and conclusions of "Spark". The second is compiling, that is, extracting famous sayings, aphorisms and aphorisms.
In short, the composition should strengthen the accumulation of vocabulary, material and "jar", and make regular inventory, sorting and classification, and constantly enrich and expand.
To write an article, you must first learn to observe.
Lu Xun's literary youth emphasized two points when answering "how to write a good article": First, they saw more and more practice. Seeing more here is observing. Description: To write a good article, you should pay attention to observation and learn to observe. Observation is the necessary premise and foundation of writing.
Russian novelist Chekhov warned beginners so seriously: "A writer must train himself as a keen observer and never give up! -It is the second thing to simply divide one's exercise into the habit of observation. " Observe the practice habit into the next day's exercise, which is a time to hone martial arts and a great motivation to work hard.
You should carefully observe the people, events and scenes around you. From the exotic materials, you need the materials in your composition: you should be interested in observing the causes, processes and results of seemingly insignificant things, which is actually very meaningful. You should pay attention to how the colors of plants in the flower beds on campus change all year round, and learn to get to the bottom of it and find out the ins and outs of these changes. You go to meet more people in the society and observe their words and deeds. This is the observation in the process, and the following points should be paid attention to when observing:
(a) Observation should not be limited to "seeing". Observe the five senses of all the dispatched people: if you listen, you feel that your body is wider and more real. The important thing is to think carefully with your brain, which will be more subtle and profound.
(2) in the process of observation, we should make good use of bad writing. As the saying goes, a good memory is not as good as bad writing. Many students can see a lot of thinking every day, but they can't give the observed materials to Dong at any time, which will waste a lot of precious things.
(3) special attention should be paid to perseverance in observation. Don't let "brain fever", you can't write a good composition in three minutes. You should observe and think about life every day, so that you can write a cutting-edge masterpiece.
Learning to observe and write articles is very pioneering and useful. Without observation, you often find it difficult to write. May you learn to observe and constantly cultivate and improve your observation ability, which is conducive to making great progress in writing practice.
, which means I heard it.
The concept is an article about the establishment and intention of the center. So, what problems should we pay attention to in the conception of this article?
(1) The display is correct
The meaning of the article is correct, so-called correct, ensuring that the feelings and thoughts of the article are correct, in line with the nature and laws of objective things, in line with our basic political principles, and in line with the basic requirements of morality, will give people a positive inspiration.
The concept of (b) is loyalty
"Material composition, your loyalty, if perfect, leisure is human stupidity." No matter how complicated things are, this problem can no longer be solved. If we want to explain this problem, it needs to be clarified that the concepts of rashness and necessity are not clear at this point. In fact, everything you want, of course, is not in place In addition, the article can only have one center, and they bite off more than the "better words" you chew. What kind of performance must the center do? Even if it is a number center, words pass through the center tightly to express something, our goal is still the same handwriting, the combination of power materials and the center, and the meaning of all materials in the instructions of the center.
(c) presenting a novel
Very sensitive person, the core of composition innovation from the perspective of novels. Novel ideas require jumping out of the old box, instead of the original concepts and ideas of forward-looking thinking, habitual thinking or psychological stereotypes, but examining alternative headline hints from a unique perspective, which often avoids what others have written and what others have not. Even the same writing object can always be cut from multiple angles. As long as we break it, stand at the height of the times and avoid "vulgarity" for exclusive, multi-angle, multi-dimensional thinking, or association, expansion, or analogy thinking, we can build your most beautiful rainbow and colorful sky.
(d) profound expression.
Is the theme with profound meaning a well-known superficial truth? Look at the essence through the phenomenon and dig deeper meaning.
smart
The text inside is limited to expressing a deeper idea. You can only see the world, a grain of sand is obvious from life, and a leaf reproduces the whole picture of life. From a point, a fragment, a moment, a new phenomenon began to describe and reflect the society and life, and was recruited to focus on the overall situation and put pen to paper in a small office. The angle is small, but it can be small, medium and strange.
How to write an oblique article
How to write a crooked article? Please remember the following five points:
(a) the source of the account
Tradition will naturally lead to the following article being described in one or two sentences at the beginning.
A detailed description of (b)
Through the appearance of colors and shapes, the writing function is accurately outlined, giving people a unique feeling. Appropriate rhetoric and reasonable imagination. Give it emotion and the project will be full of vitality.
(c) comprehensive exercises
Write static shape features first, and then write dynamically. This will add some interesting written articles and bring more life.
(4) Function description
Each project has its own unique function. Generally speaking, explaining the function of the project at the end of such an article will highlight the featured project.
(E) Emotional integration
Items between the lines, such as the treasure of love, are all described by the author, which will enhance the appeal of the article.
To make a long story short, abbreviate it.
It must be very touching to read a good article, right? If you want to introduce this story to others simply, you can use abbreviated form. The abbreviations of exercises need to completely focus on the main content, and concise language abbreviations should not exceed 300 words.
The abbreviation of is a common essay. The abbreviation of ""is to keep the original situation without changing the center and style, and compress it into a short article and the main content of a long article. The abbreviation of association can help us better understand the content of the text, develop our reading ability and generalization ability, and improve our language ability. So, how to abbreviate it?
(a) Trunks, branches and leaves left behind. In the abbreviation of the text, we have to delete the descriptions of minor figures, small events and accounts to form the main content of the text. The scribe, the first question we need to think about is: under what circumstances does the Syrian Leo help her father, why does he do it in secret, and how do you move on the canvas? Then she copied something and helped her father write it down. After his father misunderstood it as irrelevant, she deleted it.
(2) The task of simplifying language. In narration, direct narration should be changed into indirect narration, and the characters' language should be as simple as possible. In this way, even if the plot is consistent, the sentence is "concise".
This article is excellent. In the article, you should keep clear and complete words, especially the time, place, people, short names of events and the influence of subsequent results. Do people read rough ideas? Original.
(d) Do not change the intent of the text. Abbreviations are the most important and cannot be changed. After the abbreviated text is completed, the original intention of the content will remain unchanged, which will not make readers ambiguous.
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Articles must learn to accumulate.
The importance of "reading thousands of books, writing like a god", "a clever woman can't cook without rice" and "accumulation" is explained in words from both positive and negative aspects. The usual accumulation of examination room play ",is * * * students with the same test experience. "
(A) language creates "vocabulary". Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary has a wide range, not only referring to the cohesion of words, phrases, sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to build vocabulary: the first is to grab fresh and popular spoken books, widely read books, newspapers and periodicals, and good study notes, extract beautiful words, sentences and texts from a book, or read memory cards. The second is life. Written in these languages? Carry a small notebook or card with you, so over time, with a little accumulation, you can talk eloquently and write beautifully.
(2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. This material is the flesh and blood of the article. Many students usually do not pay attention to the accumulated information to find every article, or make up or copy it. The solution to this problem is the accumulation of materials. If you have the conditions at ordinary times, use cameras and tape recorders to learn about life, actively participate in it, and record the scenes of family life, school life and social life in time in the form of life and sketches, diaries and observation notes. Records capture details, people, events, objects and landscape features. Writing an article like this will be flesh and blood.
(3) Strengthen ideological style and accumulation. This view is the soul of the article. The center of the article is not clear, or there is no profound concept, and thinking is often a superficial description. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". Method: Good thinking. "More ideas, more gains." Think deeply at ordinary times and don't ask "why", "what" and "how". This allows us to see the essence through the phenomenon, and everyone should always record the thoughts and conclusions of "Spark". The second is compiling, that is, extracting famous sayings, aphorisms and aphorisms.
In short, the composition should strengthen the accumulation of vocabulary, material and "jar", and make regular inventory, sorting and classification, and constantly enrich and expand.
? Intimate dad
? My father is a policeman. One meter eight height, burly figure, stop there, naturally there is a kind of indomitable spirit of manhood. If you wear a police uniform and a hat, it will be even more magnificent.
? Dad likes playing basketball best. On the court, he rampaged, and whoever saw the third one was afraid of him. However, my father is a "soft-hearted knight", even closer than my mother. Our relationship is the most "iron", no matter big or small, dad can live it. Don't you believe me? Tell you something!
"One day, the teacher assigned homework and carved a house with radish. When they were asleep, it occurred to me. Happy Halloween! There are some radishes in the kitchen. Where are the knives? I opened a pencil box, a lint-free schoolbag, no. All the drawers in my living room and bedroom have been turned upside down, and still nothing has been found. I shouted at my mother: Do you have a knife at home? If you can't finish your homework, you will definitely be criticized tomorrow. " Mother regards the room as a whole, just as she likes thieves to rob it. She said angrily, "No, you can't wait to criticize." My troubles brought tears to my eyes. After the incident, my father pushed open the door and entered the house on a busy day. He asked in a low voice what the reason was, and comforted me by saying, "It's too obscure. It's my treat." Say that finish turned and walked up the stairs.
? "Plop, plop, plop," Dad panted and climbed to the fifth floor. He pushed open the door and shouted, "Son, it's too late. The canteen is closed. what did you say ? The last hope of "Wow-"was shattered, and I was in tears, like my father took something out of his pocket and said, "My hero is crying, look! What is this? "ah! A new knife! I jumped up, grabbed the "last straw" and said with tears, "Dad, you are so bad!" Dad smiled and proudly said, "What a crybaby! Go to the radish carving room! Can I help you? "Long live Dad!" Amid cheers, I went to work with gratitude.
What, such a loving father, are you jealous? Hey! This is my blessing!