Where is the difficulty? From the students' point of view, there are no materials that don't know what to write, and there are materials that don't know how to write; From the teacher's point of view, I don't know how to guide both learning and teaching, and improve my writing level quickly. I have talked a lot about the problem of obtaining materials before, so I won't go into details. Stylistic knowledge about narrative writing has also been discussed one by one.
This paper mainly puts forward some suggestions from the application of writing methods and skills. Such guidance will attract the attention of writers and have reference value for writing articles. Write a narrative and an article about people.
It is difficult to separate things from people in the text, because things are done by people, and people cannot be expressed without concrete things. Therefore, any narrative is written for people to see, and the narrative should express the ideological significance of the event, whether it is writing about the social outlook or writing about people. That makes sense.
1. Grasp the situation and tell what you really write. Narrative refers to the narration of various events and is the basic form of narrative writing. Things must have specific plots, which refer to the changes and development of events and constitute the basic content of narrative.
A complete plot should have time, place, people, the cause, process and result of the event. Of course, these six elements are not necessarily needed in every article, and the form of expression can be flexible.
In order to truly reflect the reality of life, it is very important to grasp the plot, because the broad social life is expressed through the plot, and the plot is expressed in various life events in the article. These life events are extracted from a lot of daily life, and plot is one of the important means to express the central idea, which requires concrete, coherent and prominent ideological significance.
How to grasp the plot? (1) Selecting and refining plots is an important step. Selecting and refining representative plots is to catch people and things that are vivid, novel and can reveal the profound meaning of life. We said that the material in life is the basis of the theme, but the theme (plot) is not the simple accumulation of the material, but the result of processing and refining the material.
The authenticity, richness and typicality of the plot all require us to select and refine the plot with ideological significance from the reality of life and based on the living materials. This process of selection and refinement is also a process of thinking deeply about life and deepening your understanding.
(2) "Grasp the situation" is very important. Situation is situation, and situation is situation.
Grasping emotion is to focus on rendering concrete and vivid situations and conditions in the article, such as how urgent the situation encountered by the characters is, how dangerous the situation is, how complicated and contradictory the situation is, how special the difficulty is, how wonderful the moment is, etc., and to grasp the "situation" for concrete rendering and description. On the one hand, writing in this way can make the character, quality and feelings more vivid and credible in the face of special difficulties or tests; On the other hand, we can catch readers, pay attention to the characters in the text when reading, and generate reading interest.
A "situation" is described and rendered to highlight the background of the characters' activities. After that, it is more typical to portray characters. For example, Seven Matches describes the grassland climate change, and Little Orange Lantern describes the little girl's family.
The description of the moon in the three pools from Hundred Herbs Garden to the moon in the three pools and the description in the beautiful snake. 2. "See the big from the small" and tap the far-reaching materials. Although it is some small things around us, the meaning of life should be far-reaching, that is, "seeing the big from the small."
The theme of "seeing the big from the small" is small. Don't talk about the matter, but write the universal meaning reflected by this matter, that is, reflect the whole from the part. The ancients said, "You can see a leopard from time to time." Looking at the leopard through the bamboo tube, you can only see one spot on the leopard, but you can imagine the whole leopard.
"Taste the meat (pāo) and know the taste of the iron pot, which is the sound of the tripod." Take a piece of meat from the pot and taste it. You can know the taste of a pot of meat and the quality of its cooking.
This is the truth of "seeing the big from the small". Most of our classmates have experienced small things, and our understanding has certain limitations. Only by grasping the representative little things and writing in detail can we write well.
The writing method of "seeing the big from the small" is also convenient for detailed description, in-depth writing, vivid writing and profound understanding. For example, Mr. Fujino's selection of materials is very few. He writes that Mr. Fujino corrects homework, modifies illustrations and asks China women about foot binding. But these little things can show that Mr. Fujino has no national prejudice, is sincere to China students, and is rigorous and serious in his studies.
Garden Notes selects some trivial things about growing vegetables in Yan 'an, all of which are many fragments, but it has far-reaching historical significance and strong practical significance to show the glorious tradition of Yan 'an mass production movement and the struggle between the army and the people. A Precious Shirt From the trivial matter of a shirt, we can see that Premier Zhou is concerned about the great personality of the people.
We often see the little things in life. It is important to pay attention to, be good at discovering, and pay attention to collection and accumulation. Rodin said: "The so-called master is a person who looks at what others have seen with his own eyes and finds beauty in what others are used to."
The discovery of "beauty" mentioned by Rodin stems from the understanding and excavation of life. How can there be "essence" and "depth" without collecting rich materials?
3. Choose some materials and pay attention to the structural arrangement in writing. 1. Events occur, develop and change in a certain period of time in chronological order, and materials are organized in chronological order. Such as childhood, adolescence and adolescence; Time periods in the morning, morning and afternoon; Before, during and after class; The time of a class, etc.
Arrange the materials in chronological order, and events (or fragments) in different time periods should indicate the changes of time, giving readers a clear impression of the development of time and things. 2. Changing space into sequential space (or place and environment) is the condition for the development of things, that is to say, things always exist in a certain space and develop and change in space. Therefore, narrative can not be separated from this condition of space.
Space has a relatively large area, such as intercontinental, and there are also relatively small specific cities, villages and streets.
2. There is an urgent need for a writing skill guide.
A good narrative often has a clue running through the whole text. Clues can organically connect the content of the article, making the structure of the article more rigorous.
Narrative clues usually have the following situations:
First, take feelings as clues. The article is to express users' feelings. There are quite a few articles that take some feelings or emotional changes of characters as clues when describing. Yang Shuo's "Litchi Honey" is such an article. From the very beginning, the author used the method of "restraining one and promoting the other" to clearly show his attitude: I never liked the painter's favorite thing-bees, because when I was a child, I "pinched a begonia flower in a tree and didn't want to be stung by bees". Later I heard that bees will run out of life after stinging people. When they don't live long, they forgive bees, but they are always uncomfortable. When I ate the sweet and fresh litchi honey in Guangdong, my thoughts and feelings took a turning point. I was "unmoved" by the bees I had never liked, and I had the idea of going and seeing them. When the author saw the scene of bees making honey, his heart was shocked and his feelings changed fundamentally, expressing his praise for bees. "Bees are small, but how noble they are!" Finally, the author's thoughts and feelings sublimated again, "dreaming that he had become a little bee", which integrated with bees and expressed the author's determination to learn the spirit of bees and build a new socialist life with working people.
"I don't like it very much, I'm uncomfortable-I'm not moved-I like it-I dream of becoming a bee" is a clue to emotional change.
Wei Wei's My Teacher, taking Mr. Cai as a clue, deeply recalls several past events when he lived with his teacher as a child, and expresses the author's deep love and yearning for the gentle and honest teacher Cai.
Second, take "things" as a clue. Objects sometimes symbolize or point out the central idea in the text, which is closely related to the development of the plot. So many articles are centered on "things".
Xiao Gan's "Jujube Stone" runs through the whole article with "Jujube Stone" as the clue. At the beginning of the article, my friend repeatedly asked me to bring her some raw jujube stones, which made me feel suspicious and set a suspense. Then I wrote, and my friend got the jujube stone as a treasure. When I asked about the use of jujube stones, she pretended to be mysterious and strengthened the suspense. Finally, "I" visited my friend's back garden. My friend said, "The longer I leave home, the more I miss my home." "Recently, I always think of the jujube tree in Zongbu Hutong yard, so I want you to bring some seeds and try to plant one." At this point, the suspense is solved. A few jujube stones draw an intriguing story, which reflects the deep homesickness of Chinese Americans.
Some articles not only take things as clues, but also give things life or symbolic meaning. For example, in The Style of Pine Tree, after fully describing the characteristics of pine tree, the author further pointed out its symbolic significance. Writing is actually writing about people, things or expressing some feelings. There are many such articles, such as: The Golden Box, Remember a Spinning Wheel, Seven Matches and so on.
Third, take events as clues. In the process of writing a narrative, if you write more than one thing,
Things, then in order to highlight the central event, you can take the central event as a clue.
Narration based on events requires a clear explanation of the cause, process and result of events. In this way, people can find out the ins and outs of things and then understand the meaning of the article. At the same time, the people, scenes and events involved in the narrative process should also be closely described around the central event.
3. What is the narrative clue of the article? Narrative literary works run through the whole plot development.
It connects all the events in the work into a whole, and the form of expression can be the activities of characters, the development of events or something that runs through them. A narrative work usually has one or more clues, but only one plays a leading role.
Function: Run through the whole article, making the article seamless and the structure complete and rigorous. This is a bright line. If there is a dark line, use a bright line * * * to run through the whole text, and also find a very clever tangent point to express feelings, but sometimes there will be double clues, that is, the two clues complement each other and are related everywhere, which seems to be irrelevant. This is the difficulty of the article clue. Only by grasping the clues of the article can we sort out the article and grasp the main content of the article.
4. How to write a composition How to write a composition should learn to accumulate "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice". These ancient summaries illustrate the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects.
"Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room. Language should establish "vocabulary".
Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups.
There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading. Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards.
The second is life. At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the popular spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully.
We should strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article.
Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it. The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials.
Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes. When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery.
The article written in this way is flesh and blood.
5. How to conceive a composition I think a very important part of writing lies in conception. To write quickly, you must learn to conceive quickly, that is, learn to conceive quickly, choose materials quickly and arrange the structure quickly.
This idea should be both new and fast. A topic can be written from multiple angles, and the same material can represent multiple centers. If you think out of thin air and dig out your brain, it will be slow. If you seek novelty in reference and have evidence to rely on, your thinking will be much faster. After reviewing the topic, you should quickly select materials according to the requirements of the topic, quickly search out materials related to the topic, make a quick decision, and summarize the selected materials on the manuscript paper.
To cultivate the ability to conceive narrative, the key point should be to cultivate the ability to grasp the development context (clues) of the article.
To cultivate the ability to conceive expository articles, we should focus on cultivating the ability of article order.
To cultivate the creative ability of argumentative writing, we should work hard to cultivate the ability to clear our minds.
For example, the rapid conception of narrative
Narrative is an article whose main content is to describe a person's experience, behavior or things. It can be divided into two categories: one is writing people, and the other is taking notes.
The following points should be paid attention to when designing a narrative quickly:
First, whether writing or taking notes, we should determine the selected materials as soon as possible, determine the theme of the article and arrange the structure of the article. Second, we should quickly consider how to link these materials as soon as possible and find a clue that runs through the article. Some narratives take concrete things as clues; Some take the plot development as the context; Some take personality changes as clues; Some of them are connected by scene transformation; Some take feeling as a clue, others take the internal connection of materials as a link ... When writing quickly, you can use these clues or links to quickly conceive. Thirdly, according to the selected characteristics, various methods are adopted to connect the materials into articles.
6. Taking "shoes" as a clue, skillfully using the method of setting suspense to write a narrative, skillfully setting suspense at the beginning and creating a certain atmosphere will make the article fascinating, ups and downs, and make readers feel anxious and extremely concerned, and receive good results.
Here are some ways to set suspense at the beginning:
First, the flashback method. By flashback, the end of the full text is placed at the beginning, which makes readers confused from the beginning. When they are in doubt, they have the desire to read on and solve the mystery. For example, the trust of comrades-in-arms is an excellent example. At the beginning of the article, Mr. Lu Xun met a strange young woman who gave Mr. Lu Xun a paper bag and a letter. At the beginning of reading, readers will naturally ask: What is hidden in this paper bag? What does this letter say? With so many questions, readers have the idea of tracing back to the source and can't help reading eagerly. Such an article is hard for readers to say, and it is also difficult to achieve fascinating results.
Second, comparative method. This method often writes out what people have decided, and then puts forward the opposite view. Because everything has two sides, two sides. People often admit only one aspect and ignore the other in their daily life. If you make a fuss about "this other aspect", it will make people feel abrupt and realize the novelty and novelty of the theme. Once, a student wrote at the beginning of an essay: "Yu Gong has always been called a model of hard work and perseverance, but I think Yu Gong is really a fool." After reading this beginning, readers will be confused, so be sure to read on.
Third, the abnormal behavior law. The article begins with the abnormal behavior of the characters, which makes people think deeply and raises questions. Two short stories about junior middle school Chinese are an example. The advantage of this beginning is that it can arouse readers' thinking: Who is this tall figure that the little shoemaker looks around at the intersection every day? Why are you looking at him? Its beauty lies in taking advantage of the abnormal behavior of the little shoemaker.
Fourth, the memory method. First, the author's views and comments on things or people afterwards at the beginning of the article. This is the method used in A Little Thing. Second, the beginning of the article is shocking and touching.
For example, a student wrote at the beginning of his composition: Every time I open that photo album and see that familiar face, my thoughts go back to that childhood. So the reader's thoughts were brought to the author's childhood.
Fifth, use fable method.
Start with a fable to arouse the reader's interest in the truth or something to be explained. The above three fables lead to the truth to be told. This method is often used at the beginning of an argumentative paper, which can make the article original and enhance its appeal and expression effect.
In short, the specific method of "writing without definite method" depends on the content of the article. However, we should pay attention to setting suspense at the beginning of the article: first of all, the suspense at the beginning should be concise, don't be wordy, don't write anything that has little to do with suspense, and focus on suspense.
7. How to determine the minimum 0.27 yuan/day for clues in prose? You can view the full content in Baidu Library >
In order to achieve the unity of prose "scattered" and "not scattered", the author must have clear clues in the organizational structure, connect all the materials and form an artistic whole. However, due to the differences in writing content, intention and central idea of expression, the arrangement of clues in prose is also varied. This requires us to adopt different methods according to different texts. Common clues in prose mainly include the following:
(1) clues. This method is often used in prose that expresses feelings and describes scenery.
(2) Character clues. Take what the characters see and hear as clues, draw out other materials and write them into words.
(3) Event clues. In the order of beginning, development, * * * and story.
(4) Emotional clues. It is mainly used in lyric prose, that is, to organize materials around the author's emotional changes and write a series.
(5) reason. Mostly used in argumentative essays, the basic model is "asking questions-analyzing problems-solving problems".
(6) spatial clues. Used to write landscapes in narrative prose.
(7) time clues. Some things, from time to go back's point of view, are more likely to show their profound connotation or rich beauty. Therefore, the prose idea of writing this kind of thing is often the most appropriate with time as the clue.
Here are a few ways to grasp the clues of prose:
1. Space-time connection "line".
In many essays about writing notes and answering travel notes, there are often some words that express the transformation of time and space. If you connect these words when reading, you can understand and grasp the context of the article.