1684, Defoe married the daughter of a wine merchant and got a dowry of 3,700 pounds from her family. He recruited his wife and brother-in-law as partners and started to run a small department store. In addition, they also do business in Europe and often do wine trade to increase their income. However, he followed the Puritan principle in the business of "drunkards" and opposed the sale of gin and general spirits that almost flooded London at that time.
Defoe took part in the rebellion led by Monmouth Duke against the Catholic king.
From 65438 to 0688, William, a Dutch Protestant, led an army to land in England and succeeded to the British throne. Defoe joined his army.
1692, he went bankrupt in business and was in debt 17000. Later, I failed many times and had to make a living in various ways. He worked as a government agent, designed various development careers and engaged in writing at the same time.
1698 published On Development, which advocated building roads, setting up banks, enacting bankruptcy laws, establishing madhouses, establishing fire and water insurance, collecting income tax and establishing girls' schools.
170 1 year, he published the satirical poem "The Real Englishman", arguing that there are no pure Englishmen, opposing the aristocratic Catholic forces and defending the foreign Protestant William III. This poem has been printed in nine editions.
1702 published a political essay "Shortcuts to Eliminate Different Sects", which used irony to oppose the oppression of people of different sects by the state religion. His works are very original. At first, he was not regarded as opposed to the state religion, but later he was found and punished by fines and imprisonment. He was imprisoned for six months and shown off three times, but he was regarded as a hero by Londoners. While in prison, he wrote an ode to the cangue (1703) imitating the ode of the Greek poet Pindaros, satirizing the injustice of the law.
1704, daniel defoe ran the Review magazine for Whig leader Harry, mainly to win support for Harry's English-Scottish joint policy. After that, he traveled between England and Scotland for 1 1 year, serving as the secret agent of Harry and his successor Tory Godolphin, collecting public opinions. During this period, he was imprisoned for a short time for writing articles, but he never stopped being a Whig. People collect information, run newspapers and write articles.
Extended data:
Defoe accepted Locke's political thought, opposed autocracy and advocated civil rights. At that time, the British Parliament was a place where upper-class politicians fought with each other. Bribery and all kinds of despicable means were used for business. Workers, peasants and the middle and small bourgeoisie are not represented at all. Defoe holds that the basic rights of human beings are inviolable by anyone, including the king, cabinet and parliament. "The Englishman is neither a king's nor a slave to parliament."
Defoe advocated freedom of religious belief. At that time, although Britain was not as autocratic in religious belief as France and Spain, there were various restrictions on Protestants and Catholics outside the state religion. He is a Protestant of non-state religion. Most of these people are middle and small bourgeoisie. They demand a political system that conforms to the "revolutionary principles" and freedom of belief. Defoe is the spokesman of this school. He advocated that people should receive more enlightened education and women should be given the opportunity to receive education.
Generally speaking, Defoe's thought was progressive at that time, but its limitations were also great. The bourgeoisie was still a progressive class at that time, still struggling with feudal forces. Conservative nobles and landlords don't care about production and enjoy huge land rent income. The bourgeoisie organizes more and more large-scale industry and commerce to promote social development.
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