1 on the development of agricultural economy in China
The development of new countryside, agricultural economy and farmers' income is an important foundation for China's national economy and social stability. The country has clearly pointed out that the construction and development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is the focus of future work, especially the convening of the 18th National Congress, which further clarified the direction of strengthening the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
Although China's agricultural economy has developed greatly in recent years, there are still some problems in the development due to the weak agricultural foundation, large rural population and wide distribution, especially in some remote areas.
First, the current situation of agricultural economy and rural economic development
1, stable grain production and steady development of agricultural economy.
In recent years, China's agricultural economy has achieved rapid development. With the support of a series of national policies to benefit farmers, new technologies and new varieties have been popularized and applied.
Agricultural production and agriculture-related industries have made great progress, grain output has increased steadily, and the existing cultivated land area has met the grain demand of/kloc-0.3 billion people.
Relevant agricultural and sideline products can not only meet the domestic market demand, but also be exported abroad to earn foreign exchange and income for the country.
2. Rural infrastructure has been continuously improved, and the content of agricultural science and technology has been continuously improved.
With the country increasing capital investment, rural infrastructure in China has been further improved, such as roads, rural roads, irrigation works, water-saving irrigation facilities, drinking water for people and livestock, natural gas and biogas utilization. Large-scale livestock and poultry breeding, returning farmland to forests and ecological environment protection projects have been vigorously developed.
At the same time, the content of agricultural science and technology has been further improved, and new technologies have been popularized, mechanized sowing, greenhouse cultivation, plastic film mulching, straw utilization, formula fertilization, circular economy development, and modern scientific and technological means have been used for recycling.
Using modern network technology to establish professional websites, popularize all kinds of agricultural technology and agricultural information, provide technical services for agricultural production and disease prevention, and significantly improve the level of agricultural science and technology in various places.
3. The output of pollution-free and high-quality agricultural products is increasing.
By adjusting the industrial structure and planting structure, the planting area of pollution-free grain in each grain production base is increasing, and the high-quality pollution-free agricultural products are also increasing, and all of them have achieved high returns.
Forestry, fruit industry, animal husbandry and related processing industries have also developed rapidly, which not only enriched the variety of goods, met the consumption needs of urban and rural residents, but also improved the economic income of farmers.
At the same time, with the country's emphasis on ecological environment protection projects and increasing investment, various measures such as returning farmland to forests, combating desertification and controlling emissions have greatly increased the area of ecological forests in various places, and prevented the further deterioration of the ecological environment in time.
4. Farmers' income is constantly improving.
With the implementation of the national subsidy policy for benefiting farmers, the deepening of rural system reform, the continuous introduction of various livelihood projects, and the continuous improvement of rural land acquisition compensation system and compensation standards, the economic income of farmers everywhere has increased.
The construction and development of rural cooperative organizations and the mechanization and intensification of agricultural production have saved a lot of rural labor.
Surplus laborers either go to cities to work or start their own businesses, which not only increases their income and improves their living standards, but also maintains the stability of rural society and solves the problem of surplus labor.
According to relevant data, the per capita income of farmers in China has increased by more than 10% every year since10.
5. Rural social undertakings have been improved and the policy of benefiting farmers has been effectively implemented.
With the increasing investment of the state in the construction of new countryside, great progress has been made in various social undertakings in the vast rural areas.
Rural cooperative medical care was carried out, which improved the conditions for running schools in rural areas. Science and technology going to the countryside? It has greatly benefited farmers, not only changed the traditional agricultural production mode, changed the backward concept, but also significantly improved the living standards of farmers.
In recent years, relevant departments in various localities have conscientiously implemented a series of policies for benefiting farmers issued by the state, timely distributed grain subsidies and reduced agricultural taxes, which to some extent reduced the economic burden of farmers and encouraged and improved the enthusiasm of farmers' friends to grow grain.
Second, the problems in the development of agricultural economy
1, agricultural industrialization, scale and modernization are insufficient.
The degree of agricultural industrialization is not high everywhere, especially in underdeveloped areas, and the industrial structure of agriculture and rural areas is not reasonable. Even though some areas have formed industrial systems, their development is relatively slow.
The planting area of high-efficiency cash crops is insufficient, the added value of some agricultural products is low, the market competitiveness is not strong, and the proportion of high-quality products and characteristic agricultural products such as agriculture, forestry, fruit industry and animal husbandry is not high.
The development of related industries is slow, lacking regional characteristics, the agricultural infrastructure in some areas is still relatively backward, and the level of agricultural mechanization and modernization is low.
2. The agricultural infrastructure in some areas is relatively backward.
For a long time, China's vast rural areas, especially economically underdeveloped areas and remote mountainous areas, have relatively backward infrastructure, such as power communication, farmland water conservancy, drinking water for people and livestock, flood control facilities, road traffic and so on. , disrepair, aging facilities, outdated equipment, and some facilities and equipment have long lost their due functions and exist in name only.
As a result, agricultural resilience is not high, which seriously affects agricultural production and causes irreparable losses.
Rural roads still exist in some areas? Dirt road, boiling road, broken road? Traffic is blocked, and agricultural materials, facilities and equipment, investment promotion and transportation of agricultural products are seriously restricted.
In some areas, the communication optical cable project has not been opened, which leads to the local inability to receive the latest information in time and use the network to serve agricultural production, which seriously affects farmers' understanding of the latest national policies, regulations and market information.
In recent years, although the state has increased investment, there are still some areas that have not been solved. These problems have seriously restricted the good development of agricultural economy.
3. Low productivity, backward and conservative thinking.
Over the years, some farmers, especially those in economically underdeveloped areas, have been backward in thinking, conservative in ideas and low in education. They still have some old ideas, habits and concepts, lack the sense of market economy competition, are slow to accept new things, and are not good at using modern science and technology to serve agricultural production. In addition, in recent years, young people in towns and villages in most areas have the idea of light agriculture and heavy industry, which makes some areas lack young and middle-aged labor.
Those who stay in the village are old, weak, women and children, or people with low educational level and lack of competitiveness. They can't keep up with the pace of market economy and still follow the traditional farming methods, which hinders their own development and the process of getting rich to a certain extent, leading to a further widening gap between the rich and the poor, seriously hindering the development of agricultural economy and limiting farmers' income.
4, the threat of natural disasters
Agricultural production is inseparable from climatic conditions. China is a country with many natural disasters. Every year, different degrees of natural disasters occur in the northern and southern regions. All kinds of natural disasters seriously affect agricultural production and crop yield and quality, and will greatly affect people's normal life and even threaten human survival.
In recent years, agricultural economic losses caused by various disasters have become increasingly prominent, reflecting the low resilience of China's agriculture.
For a long time, due to the lack of attention and understanding, it has caused man-made damage to the environment, such as deforestation, indiscriminate killing, over-exploitation, indiscriminate discharge and abuse of chemicals. A series of destructive behaviors have caused serious deterioration of the ecological environment, further intensifying the ability of agriculture to resist various disasters.
5. Lack of professional agricultural talents.
The development of agricultural economy is inseparable from professionals. For a long time, China's agricultural production has always been a family-based production model, and farmers' education level is generally low. Eat by the sky, eat by the ground? Lack of corresponding science and technology can't guarantee a bumper harvest of crops.
In recent years, a large number of rural youth with a certain educational level have flooded into cities, which has aggravated the serious shortage of rural talents and caused a vicious circle, especially in some economically underdeveloped areas.
The development of agricultural economy is inseparable from talents, especially comprehensive talents with high quality, high education level and familiarity with agricultural production. The development of agricultural economy and new countryside cannot be separated from their participation and support, which is the key to the development of rural agriculture.
Third, the significance and role of promoting agricultural economy and the development of new rural areas
1. Agriculture is the premise of human survival and all production activities, and agricultural economy is the foundation of our national economy.
As we all know, China is a big agricultural country, with 70% of its population in rural areas. The development of agricultural economy and rural economy is related to national construction and development, social stability and harmony, the living standard and quality of 800 million farmers, the progress and development of rural society, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the realization of the dream of becoming a strong country.
Developing rural economy can shorten the gap between urban and rural areas, narrow the gap between rich and poor, and increase farmers' income.
The problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers are the fundamental problems of China's construction and development.
The difference between modern agriculture and traditional agriculture lies in scientificity, mechanization, scale, specialization, informationization and marketization.
2. Agriculture is the foundation of human society, and agricultural economy is the lifeblood of national economy. Agriculture not only meets people's demand for food, but also provides food, agricultural and sideline products and means of subsistence for the development of national economy, as well as feed and raw materials for animal husbandry and industry, which is the premise of industrial development. The export of agricultural and sideline products earned foreign exchange for the country and promoted the development of China's foreign trade.
The development of agriculture and rural economy has solved a large number of labor employment problems and promoted social stability and harmony. Agricultural economy is one of the main sources of accumulated construction funds.
Agriculture is an important material basis to ensure the existence and development of industry and all other production industries, and agriculture is an important guarantee to support the sound development of China's economy.
Four, agricultural economy, rural economic development measures
In the new historical period, it is imperative to promote the development of agricultural economy and rural economy in China.