1. Advantages and disadvantages of self-operated logistics

(1) Advantages of self-operated logistics

① Take control. Self-operated logistics of enterprises can effectively adjust all aspects of logistics activities according to the information they have, and can quickly obtain the first-hand information of suppliers, sellers and end customers, and solve the problems in the process of managing logistics activities, so as to adjust business strategies at any time. Through self-operated logistics, enterprises can effectively control the operation of the logistics system.

(2) Avoid the disclosure of business secrets. Generally speaking, in order to maintain normal operation, enterprises must take safety measures for some special operation links, such as the composition of raw materials and production technology. When an enterprise outsources its logistics business, especially introduces third-party logistics to operate its internal logistics in the production process, its basic operation will inevitably be disclosed to the third party. Business secrets in enterprise logistics outsourcing may be leaked to competitors through third-party logistics, thus shaking the market competitiveness of enterprises.

③ Reduce transaction costs. When the enterprise completes the logistics business by itself, it does not need to negotiate with the logistics enterprise about transportation, warehousing, distribution, after-sales service and other related expenses, which avoids the uncertainty of the transaction result, reduces the transaction risk and reduces the transaction cost.

④ Revitalize the original assets of the enterprise. At present, 3% of the production enterprises in China have special railway lines, 33% have mechanized loading and unloading equipment, 73% have their own warehouses and 73% have fleets. Enterprises choose self-operated logistics mode, and on the basis of changing enterprise management structure and mechanism, make full use of the original logistics resources, revitalize the original enterprise assets and create profit space for enterprises [13].

⑤ Improve the brand value of enterprises. Enterprises can better control marketing activities through self-operated logistics. On the one hand, enterprises can provide customers with high-quality services, and customers can be better familiar with enterprises, understand products, let customers feel the affinity of enterprises, feel the humanistic care of enterprises, and improve the image of enterprises in customers' minds. On the other hand, enterprises can grasp customer information and market development trends at the fastest speed, so as to formulate and adjust strategies according to customer needs and market information and improve market competitiveness [14].

(2) disadvantages of self-operated logistics

(1) Huge investment of enterprises. In order to establish a logistics system, enterprises have to store equipment, transportation equipment and related human capital, which is not conducive to enterprises to resist market risks. This will inevitably reduce the investment in other important links of enterprises and weaken the market competitiveness of enterprises.

② The distribution efficiency of enterprises is low and the management is difficult to control. For most enterprises, logistics is not an activity that enterprises are good at. In this case, the enterprise's self-supporting logistics is tantamount to forcing itself to engage in unprofessional business activities. Managers of enterprises often need to spend too much time, energy and resources on logistics, and the result may be that auxiliary work is not done well and key business is not brought into play.

③ Limited scale, low specialization of logistics distribution and high cost. For small-scale enterprises, the number of products is limited, and self-operated logistics is not enough to form scale effect. On the one hand, the logistics cost is too high, the product cost rises and the market competitiveness decreases; On the other hand, due to the limitation of scale, the specialization of logistics distribution is low, which can not meet the needs of enterprises.

④ It is impossible to make accurate benefit evaluation. Many functional departments in self-operated logistics enterprises independently complete their own logistics activities, and do not separate the logistics cost from the whole enterprise for independent accounting, so enterprises cannot accurately calculate the logistics cost of products, so they cannot accurately evaluate the benefits [14].

2. Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing logistics

(1) Advantages of outsourcing logistics

① Business advantages. It allows manufacturing enterprises to obtain logistics services that they cannot provide. In many cases, the logistics services required by customers of enterprises usually require special professional skills and knowledge, and all the logistics service requirements of manufacturing enterprises may not be met by internal logistics. Especially for small and medium-sized enterprises, logistics outsourcing can break through the resource constraints of enterprises.

② Cost advantage. On the one hand, outsourcing logistics business can reduce the operating costs of manufacturing enterprises. Because of the economy of the third-party logistics enterprise in the scale and scope of operation, the logistics operation cost including human factors is reduced. On the other hand, for manufacturing enterprises, logistics costs account for a large proportion of product costs. Logistics outsourcing can reduce the fixed assets investment of enterprises and accelerate the capital turnover.

③ Customer service advantage. Compared with production enterprises, third-party logistics enterprises have resource advantages in information networks and distribution nodes. The use of information network can improve the processing capacity of orders and shorten the response time to customer needs. There are many distribution nodes, and point-to-point distribution can be carried out directly to households, so that goods can reach customers faster and improve customer satisfaction. Moreover, the third-party logistics has unique professional capabilities and advantages in logistics services, providing customers with more thoughtful services and enhancing the market appeal of enterprises.

④ Advantages of refocusing. For manufacturing enterprises, logistics business will not be the key business of enterprises, and they are not good at professional logistics business. Because the newly-started third-party logistics enterprises are engaged in the operation of many logistics projects, by integrating various logistics resources, the logistics operation efficiency is higher and the logistics operation cost is relatively low. If a manufacturing enterprise outsources its logistics business to a third party, it will get more thoughtful logistics services and concentrate on developing its core business [15].

(2) the disadvantages of outsourcing logistics

① The control ability of logistics is weakened. The involvement of the third-party logistics enterprise makes the manufacturing enterprise's ability to control logistics decline, and the manufacturing enterprise has to bear the risk of logistics out of control, thus reducing the customer service level of the enterprise. In addition, when there is a problem in the coordination between the two parties, because of the existence of the third party, it is easier for the two parties to shirk their responsibilities and affect the efficiency of logistics.

② Risk of customer relationship management. Production enterprises complete product distribution and after-sales service through third-party logistics, which weakens the relationship between enterprises and customers and is not conducive to establishing a stable and close customer relationship. In addition, customer information is a very important resource for enterprises. Third-party logistics enterprises have many customers, which increases the possibility of revealing business secrets when providing services to competitors.

③ Joint operation risk. Logistics outsourcing is a long-term cooperative relationship. If the logistics service provider does not operate well, it will affect the operation of the enterprise. If the cooperative relationship is dissolved, it will generate higher costs, because the stable cooperative relationship between the two enterprises takes a long time to run in [16].