In recent years, municipal engineering construction projects have become an important driving force for social and economic development. Municipal engineering is different from other construction projects in nature. Specifically, it has the following characteristics: ① Municipal engineering construction funds basically come from central or local government financing. ② The project has large investment, large construction scale, short construction period and high quality. (3) Municipal engineering belongs to linear engineering, with many obstacles on the ground and underground, many cross operations and many scattered construction operations. (4) municipal engineering involves roads, bridges, lighting, heating, greening, water supply and power supply and other professions. And different projects have different sources of funds. This requires cross-industry and inter-departmental cooperation, and some will also involve administrative instructions from government departments. ⑤ The construction of urban road engineering, especially the narrow construction site, will affect the traffic around the project and the safe travel of surrounding residents, thus directly or indirectly affecting the project cost.
1 Improvement of municipal engineering project cost management
The cost management of municipal engineering projects is a process from coarse to fine and from shallow to deep. The construction process is the main stage to realize the value of the construction project, and it is also the stage with the largest capital investment. Project cost management mainly includes two stages of management, namely, contract stage cost management and construction stage cost management. The author believes that to control the cost of municipal engineering, we need to do the following four things well.
1. 1 Improve the bidding of bill of quantities
The most commonly used bidding strategy is unbalanced quotation, that is, by adjusting the quotation of internal projects, the purpose of not improving the total quotation and not affecting the winning bid can be achieved, and more ideal economic benefits can be obtained in settlement. After the engineering quantity accounting, it is predicted that the project quantity will increase, and its unit price will be raised appropriately; For projects that may reduce the engineering quantity, the unit price may be appropriately reduced. If the design drawings are not clear or the bidding drawings are different from the construction drawings, the engineering quantity may increase, and the unit price should be raised appropriately; On the contrary, the unit price should be appropriately reduced. For example, in a bridge project, the hollow slab beam is used in the tender sheet, and the box beam is used in the construction drawing when compiling the tender sheet. At this point, the unit price of hollow slab beam in the list should be reduced appropriately.
1.2 Improve visa writing and budgeting. The cost engineer of the construction unit should not only master the management methods of on-site construction at the construction site, but also be familiar with the project cost knowledge and the contents of the bill of quantities in the bidding documents to avoid the repeated appearance of visas and lists. The contents of visas should be clearly described, and the geometric dimensions, material specifications, pile numbers and keywords of construction projects should be accurate. If groundwater is not considered in earthwork construction, but there is water seepage during excavation, the height of groundwater level can be verified, because the price of digging wet soil or the capital investment of digging silt is higher than that of dry soil; If you encounter an underground obstacle, the cost of cleaning the underground obstacle is higher than that of digging, and you need a visa; If the water seepage is large, the construction scheme should be rewritten, and drainage and dewatering measures and steel sheet pile support measures should be taken. The construction of municipal engineering projects has the characteristics of complex underground structure, so it is necessary to keep relevant image data, especially concealed works. The on-site visa shall be signed by the supervisor and Party A's personnel in time to ensure the accuracy, completeness and timeliness of the on-site visa.
1.3 Improve design change and negotiation
If the design change is only the modification of the construction drawing by the design institute, and the change is large, the drawings need to be redesigned; If the design change is only a supplement and improvement to the drawings, the revised drawings have the same effect as the original drawings. The earlier the design change occurs, the smaller the loss, so the change should be controlled as soon as possible in the design. Especially for the design changes that have a great impact on the project cost, on the premise of ensuring the quality, safety and construction period of the project, the benefits generated after the change should be weighed against the increased costs and possible claims caused by the site change, and then the appropriate construction scheme should be selected after weighing the weight. Geotextile and grass slope protection are used in the high fill section of a road project (the total height is 6 ~ 8m). Because the original design of the road occupied the land of the villagers and was blocked by the villagers, the construction could not be carried out afterwards. Therefore, we put forward suggestions for this project. With the consent of the project owner, the design was changed to adopt a mortar rubble inclined retaining wall, and the anti-collision guardrail was added to the retaining wall cap, and the construction drawing was redesigned. Due to the changes in the construction process, the workload of the constructor is increased, and the corresponding project budget is increased.
1.4 Improve the completion settlement
If there is an error in the calculation of engineering quantity, it will affect the project budget. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on auditing the engineering quantity when settling accounts. Specific settlement, the relevant personnel should be familiar with the construction drawings, master the calculation rules of quantities, and have a systematic understanding of the design and construction of the whole project. For example, the scaffold calculation of column masonry with masonry height exceeding 1.2m can be calculated by adding 3.6m to the periphery of column structure as shown in the figure and multiplying it by the masonry height. The application of the quota is very important, and it is necessary to avoid the wrong set, high set and wrong quota conversion in the settlement process. For the conversion of the contents in the quota subdirectory, such as the ash in the road, the volume ratio of lime-soil and the mass ratio of ash should not be confused; Boiling quota quantity machine includes digging, so there is no need to apply digging quota. In addition, we should also pay attention to the adjustment of material price difference, because the unit price of some materials in the quota is lower or higher than the market price. Therefore, in the project settlement, we need to adjust the unit price of some materials to the market price, and pay attention to the relevant laws and regulations in various regions or the policy documents of relevant departments, such as the adjustment of labor prices. In a word, project cost is a comprehensive work involving management, economy, construction, technology and finance, which is based on the principles and policies of the national construction authorities and is highly policy-oriented, technical, economical and practical. As a qualified cost engineer, in addition to professional knowledge, he should also be familiar with design, construction technology, project management, economic laws and regulations, and the external environment of the project. Engineering cost specialty is a practical specialty, and relevant personnel need to continuously accumulate practical experience. Only by fully grasping the project content, having excellent work skills and rich work experience can we do a good job in project cost control.
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