After a multi-person research work is completed, whose names are the final papers? How to sort? Sometimes it's really hard to decide. Some people have done experiments, some have collected and processed data, some have done theoretical analysis, some have compiled documents and written papers, and some have been responsible for calculation and simulation. It is really difficult to give a strict standard measure. In addition, some people have provided valuable ideas in the course of their work. It is also ambiguous whether to put them among the authors or to mention them in their thanks.

However, the ranking of papers is still very important for authors, because it determines the rights of such scientific and technological achievements. Some magazines, such as "Nature" and "PNAS", directly indicate their respective contributions in their papers, which we can see at a glance. But most magazines don't have this label, so it is difficult for us to estimate which author played an important role in it, and we can only judge it according to the convention. The usual practice is to put the first author and correspondent in an important position, and the others are decided in order. If the authors of the papers are sorted according to their contributions, this convention still applies; But if the names are arranged alphabetically by surname, there is no way out. Ordinary readers will naturally attribute their major contributions to the most famous authors.

When it is impossible to accurately judge everyone's contribution in a cooperation, an authoritative organization must decide the signature order of the paper, so as to achieve dynamic balance for a long time. As a tutor, I once signed the following papers in the group:

1. Where the tutor determines the direction of the research topic, the authors of the completed articles are all tutors, and the tutors rank the authors according to their respective contributions to the work.

2. If someone can independently put forward creative and feasible working ideas within the scope of the topic designated by the tutor, the research content will be recognized and implemented after discussion, and will participate in all aspects of the work. In the end, no matter who finishes the work, the first author of the paper is the creative proposer. The following authors rank is decided by the tutor according to the contribution.

3. Although the topic selection and working ideas are put forward by the tutor, if he has made great investment in paper research, specific research, paper writing and other links or made outstanding contributions in overcoming difficulties in the work process, the tutor can also list him as the first author.

4. Anyone who independently conducts research and topic selection and works in all aspects of scientific research can decide to become a correspondent and have the right to choose an author in published articles.

I went to Switzerland a few days ago, and I learned from Mr. Zhang Yicheng's students that their works were divided into two categories. One is the work put forward and directed by the tutor, and the other is the problem put forward and discussed by the students themselves. ldqu