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Nepal newspaper
Gold in Tibet expounds the information and legends about gold production in Tibet (including Herodotus' famous passage about ants looking for gold and the controversy caused by it), and also involves some specific problems so far. The author makes textual research on a series of issues such as the location of ancient and modern gold mines in Tibet, the exploitation and circulation of gold, the exchange rate of gold and silver, the comparison with the world price, political intervention, the use of gold, the belief in metals and mineral deposits, the accumulation of wealth in temples, the dispersion and travel of treasures and so on. The second chapter, "17-18th century Tibetan silver coins, the relationship between Nepal, Tibet and Han, and Tibet related to silver coins", discusses the monopoly right of Nepalese kings on Tibetan coins before 1792. The treaty that Nepal made silver coins for Tibet with the tattooed silver provided by Tibet, the development of this treaty in18th century, its trade and political background, the shape of coins, the influence caused by adulteration of silver coins, the conquest of Gurkhas, the privilege of banning Nepal after 1793, the monetary policy of the Qing government in Tibet, etc. Finally, it's about the source of the metal that makes these silver coins. The third chapter, "Ye Er Qiang Jin and Peter the Great plundered the gold in the western regions", mainly discusses the problem that Tsar Peter the Great plundered the Qiang Jin in Ye Er and the gold in the western regions. During 1696- 1725, Tsar Peter the Great tried to seize gold products from several khanates in the western regions, especially the gold mine in Ye Er Qiang, Xinjiang, China, because he could not find gold mines on Russian land and could not obtain gold through trade. He thinks that starting from the Russian base, we can reach Ye Er Qiang through several rivers. He tried to persuade the Khan in this area to be under the "protection" of Russia and allowed him to seize precious metal mines. The Tsar sent Bekovic to Kiev, Benievich to Bukhara, Bouchholtz, Li Jialev and Onkovsky to Qiang, envoys to Junggar Khan, and even wanted to seize gold mines in Tibet. Due to the wrong concept of geographical pizza and the wrong evaluation of the strength of Asian neighbors, the tsar was defeated everywhere, causing huge losses in personnel and financial resources. Peter the Great did not achieve his goal until his death. But later, most of the gold mines in the western regions fell into the hands of Russians. Tibet, located in the southwest of China, has long practiced the political system of combining politics with religion, so it has had contacts with Nepal and India in precious metals and currencies. Therefore, Tibet's currency history not only has the characteristics of Chinese currency history, but also has certain local ethnic characteristics. This complicated situation makes it more difficult to study the relationship between precious metals and currency history between Tibet and foreign countries, so few people pay attention to this research, only sporadic papers appear, and few works are scientific, accurate and systematic. The book Tibetan Gold and Silver Coins by Burnoyes is rich in information, novel in viewpoint and clear in exposition, which fills the gap in this research.