A pair of academic papers on tourism —— Discussion on doing a good job in tourism management
How to do a good job in tourism management is an important problem we are facing at present. This paper expounds the concept of tourism management from two aspects: the development of tourism human resources and the management of coping with tourism crisis.
Suggestions on strengthening the development and utilization of 1 tourism management human resources
1. 1 promotes the unification of human resources and natural resources. No matter how beautiful the natural resources are, they will lose their meaning without people's participation, and the atmosphere without humanity will lose its color. Take Hangzhou West Lake as an example. It is a unique scenic spot in China with beautiful lakes and mountains, long historical and cultural charm and rich culture. There are both the well-known legend of the white snake lady and the images left by literati? If the West Lake is compared to the West Lake, heavy makeup and light makeup are always appropriate. A beautiful sentence. These resources can play an important role in the development of cultural tourism resources in the West Lake, and the former residences of celebrities can be fully utilized in various scenic spots in the West Lake tourist area. Visitors can also fully understand the history and allusions of West Lake culture during the tour. They can also use folk art groups in Hangzhou to perform traditional folk programs of West Lake culture in West Lake Scenic Area, and skillfully combine cultural resources with natural scenery to make it easier for tourists to understand Hangzhou and realize the harmony and unity of human landscape and natural landscape in West Lake Scenic Area. Of course, in this process, we should also protect the resources of the West Lake and strengthen the protection and supervision of its ecology, water quality and hygiene.
1.2 Strive to explore cultural and historical tourism resources. China has a long cultural history, and many cultural resources, such as dragon boat race, Lantern Festival, Qingming outing, May Flower Festival, August tide watching, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Gaodeng, October temple fair and other folk activities, have extremely superior conditions for development and utilization. We should make full use of these folk cultures and focus on developing folk tourism, which will not only bring huge income to local tourism, but also play a good role in the development and positioning of local cities.
1.3 Improve humanistic quality and improve tourist facilities. Cultural tourism has the function of cultural communication and blending, and has a strong propaganda function. Tourism is like a business card, which not only brings tourists the enjoyment of tourism resources, but also enhances their image. The quality of personnel engaged in tourism resources service has an important influence on the tourism image, and some humanized supporting facilities in tourist attractions also have an important influence on the image of tourist destinations. Good humanistic quality and thoughtful service attitude will have a great positive impact on tourists, improve their satisfaction with tourism, and then have a better impression on the image of the whole city. The perfection of tourist facilities will also bring different feelings to tourists. Tourists are generally more relaxed when traveling. Some humanized facilities will make them feel very friendly, and some languages that tourists can understand will undoubtedly increase their sense of closeness.
1.4 Optimize the allocation of resources and improve the tourism management strategy. Like other industries, the development and management of the humanistic tourism industry needs detailed research. The difference is that other enterprises generally develop tangible products, while the humanistic tourism industry develops more spiritual products, and the quality of products is reflected by the satisfaction of tourism groups. What kind of tourism products to develop, the market prospect of tourism products, how to rationally plan and optimize the allocation of resources, and what kind of tourism product management strategy to adopt all need to be realized through scientific research on the humanistic tourism industry according to local conditions. At present, many scenic spots in China have both successful experiences and failed lessons in developing humanistic tourism. Efforts can be made in the following aspects: ① By strengthening the research on humanistic tourism industry, the development of humanistic tourism resources will be more successful and the risks in the development of tourism resources will be greatly reduced; The optimal allocation of tourism resources deserves attention. How to allocate different tourism resources more reasonably, how to attract more tourists, reduce operating costs and increase industrial income also need scientific research. ③ The management strategy of humanistic tourism industry is worth studying. It is not that the higher the ticket price of scenic spots, the more tourism revenue. Whether it is better to use joint consumption or single consumption in different tourist attractions also needs to be determined according to the consumer's tourism consumption psychology and the specific situation of tourist attractions.
2 measures to strengthen tourism crisis management
Tourism is a relatively fragile industry with its own characteristics? Eat, live, travel, travel, buy and entertain? Six factors determine that her tentacles extend to other industries, which makes the sudden change of the outside world affect the sensitive nerves of the whole tourism industry. Tourism crisis has become a cloud hanging over the tourism industry in many parts of the world. Good crisis management has become an urgent need for tourism, and tourism should give priority to happiness and care.
2. 1 Establish a strong sense of crisis. Crisis consciousness is a sense of competition, progress and spur, and it is also a coagulant. Under the premise of feeling and understanding the crisis, senior managers of enterprises should constantly and systematically talk about the situation and problems, so that employees can firmly establish the sense of crisis and the sense of ownership of sharing the crisis and risks with enterprises. Residents and tourists should strengthen safety awareness, emphasize that human life is above everything else, and ensuring safety and health is also a way to increase income.
Establishing a strong sense of crisis should be the core and focus of government crisis management. As a tourist area, the government should first establish a sense of crisis, strengthen strategic research on tourism crisis, and fundamentally prevent the formation and outbreak of the crisis or stop it in the bud as soon as possible.
2.2 Establishing an early warning mechanism and implementing preventive management have reached a consensus on establishing an early warning mechanism for tourism disasters. The so-called "tourism early warning system" mainly refers to the relevant departments at home and abroad issuing and early warning of epidemic, war, social problems, natural disasters and other events that affect tourism, thus helping travel agencies and tourists to foresee problems and take active safety measures.
2.3 Establish an emergency mechanism to deal with the tourism crisis. After the outbreak of tourism crisis, the most important thing is to establish a rapid response mechanism to avoid causing greater losses. After the disaster accident, effective rescue should be carried out at the first time to reduce casualties; When an epidemic occurs, prevent the spread of the epidemic; After the public security incident, solve the case as soon as possible, punish the perpetrators, protect the victims and deal with the aftermath. Due to natural disasters, tourist destinations can't receive tourists for the time being. Informing tourists in time can reduce the expected cost and psychology of tourists, which is conducive to the recovery of the local tourism market.
2.4 After the tourism crisis, take measures to revitalize the tourism industry as soon as possible. First, carry out targeted promotional activities after the tourism crisis. Secondly, use the media to reshape the regional tourism image. After the tourism crisis, we should tap the value of positive reports as soon as possible and give targeted promotion. Third, do a good job in event tourism marketing and improve the market's attention to tourist destinations.
In short, when an organization or individual faces a crisis, it should put the public interest at the core, respond, control, remedy and summarize in time, consciously turn the crisis into an opportunity, take advantage of the situation, use topics and minimize losses. The tourism industry is very fragile, but it will always be fragile without tempering and crisis. As a tourism administrative department, we should strive to build a relatively perfect crisis management mechanism, and on this basis, constantly promote the improvement of the crisis management ability of our department and the whole industry.
References:
[1] Wang Rudong. The role of government in tourism management and system innovation [D]. Tongji University, 2006, (08).
[2] Niu Jiang. Stakeholder analysis of ecotourism management in nature reserves [D]. Beijing Forestry University, 2007, (03).
[3] Wang Yong. A Preliminary Study on the Management System of Heritage Tourism Sites [D]. Anhui Normal University, 2005, (05).
[4] Zhang Zhijuan. China traditional culture and tourism management [D]. Xiamen university, 200 1.
[5] Wu Jie. On the construction strategy of tourism crisis management mechanism [J]. Science and Technology Information, 2008, (0 1).
[6] Chen Jingyi, Jiang Chunhong. Analysis on the Countermeasures of Tourism Crisis Management in China [J]. Journal of Beihua University (Social Science Edition), 20 10, (02).
Quantitative Analysis on Driving Factors of Sanya Tourism Real Estate Development
[Abstract] Sanya is a representative city of tourism real estate development in China, and its overall development level is in a leading position in China. Based on the factor analysis and multiple regression analysis of relevant data, this paper analyzes the main driving factors affecting the development of Sanya tourism real estate, which has certain guiding significance for the development of urban tourism real estate in China.
Sanya, located at the southernmost tip of Hainan Province, is the only tropical coastal tourist city in China with a land area of 19 19.6 square kilometers. Sanya is the richest and most concentrated tropical coastal tourism resource in China, with a land area of 209 kilometers. On each coastline, there are many famous tourist attractions at home and abroad, such as Yalong Bay, Dadonghai, Luhuitou Park, Tianya Haijiao and Nansan. It not only has five elements of modern international tourism, such as sunshine, sea water, beach, green vegetation and clean air, but also has unique tourism resources, such as rivers, ports, hot springs, caves, pastoral areas, tropical animals and plants and ethnic customs.
Tourism real estate, as a new industry produced by the mutual penetration and integration of tourism and real estate, has been paid more and more attention in China and has entered a stage of rapid development. The development of tourism real estate in Sanya is not only in the forefront of the country, but also the most representative. Hu Hao (2005) took Shanghai as an example to study the development and layout of metropolitan tourism real estate. Xu (2005) took Qingdao, Su Qiongqiong (2006), (2008), Chongqing, Xie (2008) and Nanning and Ren (2009) as examples. As for the driving force of tourism real estate development, Liu Yanhong (2004) thinks that economic growth (internal cause) and economic globalization (external cause) jointly promote the development of tourism real estate. Hu Hao (2005) thinks that the increase of leisure time, the vigorous promotion of the government, the adjustment of urban industrial structure, the change of residential function and the development of commercial service industry have promoted the development of tourism real estate project. From the literature review, no scholars have done research on the development of tourism real estate in Sanya, nor have they specially studied the driving factors of the development of urban tourism real estate, and the methods are limited to simple qualitative analysis. By using the methods of correlation analysis and principal component analysis in multivariate statistics, this paper studies the driving factors that affect the development of Sanya tourism real estate, establishes the stepwise regression equation of driving factors, and analyzes the relationship and function of driving factors, so as to provide decision-making basis for the sustainable development and management of Sanya tourism real estate and seek the essence of urban tourism real estate development.
1 Characteristics of Tourism Real Estate Development in Sanya City
Since Sanya successfully held the opening ceremony of China Holiday and Leisure Tour in Yalong Bay on 1996, Gloria Resort Hotel officially set sail, and then dozens of large-scale tourism projects were put into construction one after another, and the tourism real estate industry in Sanya began to flourish, which has been more than ten years.
At this stage, Sanya's real estate sales are mainly in tourism real estate, and its development has the following characteristics:
(1) product features: tourism real estate products are mainly apartments, houses, villas and property-based hotels, and they are overseas customers? A second home? 、? The third residence? Wait, apartments and houses account for a higher proportion.
(2) Product distribution: It is mainly distributed in areas with certain landscapes, making full use of seascape, river scenery and mountain scenery resources. At present, it is developing in depth on the basis of developing seascape.
(3) Home buyers: A survey shows that the vast majority of home buyers come from outside the island, accounting for more than 90% of the total real estate customers in Sanya, and most of them are second-time or even multiple home buyers, mainly from? Two districts? That is, the economically developed areas in the Yangtze River Delta, the cold areas in the Northeast and the capital Beijing.
2 quantitative analysis of the driving factors of Sanya tourism real estate development
2. 1 indicator selection and data standardization
By combing the relevant data of social economy, urban development, tourism and real estate in Sanya Yearbook, the tertiary industry is selected as the leading factor, the total import and export value of foreign trade goods is X2, the total balance of social loans is X3, the consumer price index is X4, the total tourism income is X5, the number of overnight tourists is X6, the turnover of social tourists is X7, the actual number of rooms is X8, the proportion of expenditure on culture, education, health and science is X9, and the number of buses owned by urban residents per 10,000 people is x/. Because the independent variables Xi are different, their ranges and units are also different. In order to calculate the influence of dimensionless, the statistical software SPSS. 18 is used to analyze Sanya 2000? X 1 ~ X 10 and y were standardized in 2006, and the results are shown in the table 1 on the previous page.
2.2 Factor analysis based on principal component analysis
Use SPSS. 18 statistical software to carry out correlation analysis on standardized data to obtain correlation coefficient matrix, as shown in table 2. It can be seen that the correlation coefficients between variables are mostly above 0.5, and the selected 10 variable has a high correlation, so comprehensive indicators can be extracted. From the common factor variance, we can see that the * * identity of X 1-X8 is above 90%, and the lowest X 10 also has 62.2% * * identity, that is, these variables have less information loss and can be explained by factors, so they are suitable for factor analysis.
According to the total variance explanation of factor analysis, the characteristic root of the first factor is 6.9 18, which explains 69. 18 1% of the total variance of 10 variables. The characteristic root of the second factor is 1. 198, which explains the total variance of 1 1.98 1%. The characteristic root of the third factor is 1024, which explains 10.244% of the total variance of10 variables. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the first three factors is 9 1.406%, which can contain the information of most variables, so three main factors are selected, as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 shows the rotated factor load matrix. It can be seen that the first factor F 1 basically reflects the information of variables x2 ~ x8, including foreign trade, finance, prices, tourism and so on, so it can be named? Urban economy and tourism development level? Factors. The second factor F2 mainly reflects the information of X9 and X 10 variables, and can be named? What is the development level of urban public enterprises? Factors. The third factor F3 reflects the change information of X 1, which can be named as? What is the development level of urban tertiary industry? Factors. According to the coefficient matrix of factor score, the score function of each factor can be written as follows:
f 1 =-0.088 x 1+0. 135 x2+0. 160 x3+0. 167 x4+0. 158 X5+0. 133 X6+0. 158 x7+0. 123 x8-0.044 x9+0
F2 =-0.028 x 1+0.029 x2-0.089 x3-0.06 1x 4-0. 144 X5+0.04 1x 6+0.002 x7+0. 128 x8+0.682 x9-0.565 x 10
F3 = 0.909 x 1+0.058 x2-0.076 x3-0. 130 x4-0.025 X5+0.063 X6-0. 107 x7+0.069 x8-0.206 x9-0.2 16x 10
2.3 Multiple linear regression analysis
Factor analysis only reduces the dimension of multiple index variables, and cannot explain the influence of each factor, so it is necessary to make a stepwise regression analysis of the relationship between each factor and dependent variable Y, and the results of regression analysis are shown in Table 4.
The multiple linear regression equation established according to Table 4 is: y = a+0.991f1+0.130f3.
The constant term in the equation is a, the value is 4. 109E- 18, the partial regression coefficient B 1 is 70.99 1, and B3 is 0. 130. By t test, the probability p values of B 1 and B3 are all less than 0.0065438+.
As can be seen from the expression, the influence of F 1 on the dependent variable Y is much greater than F3, which means that the development of tourism real estate in Sanya is mainly driven by F 1 (the level of urban economy and tourism development). F3 covers the development level information of other industries except agriculture, industry and construction, and plays a supporting role in the development of tourism real estate, and its driving force is obviously not as great as that of F 1. Specific to the development level factor F2 of urban public utilities such as science, education, culture, health and transportation, the driving force of tourism real estate's development is not obvious because it mainly serves local residents in Sanya, and it is excluded from the multiple linear regression model of driving force, which is also consistent with the situation that the main consumer groups in tourism real estate, Sanya come from outside the city.
The above analysis is only a quantitative analysis of the driving factors for the development of tourism real estate in Sanya, and there are still some aspects that cannot be quantified: First, the local government has vigorously supported tourism real estate industries to increase fiscal revenue and issued a series of relevant favorable policies to promote the development of tourism real estate. Secondly, the change of life concept and consumption culture has also promoted the development of tourism real estate. Third, a large number of idle funds in real estate speculation has become one of the driving factors affecting the development of Sanya tourism real estate.
3 Conclusion
Relying on the unique tourism environment and great international popularity, the development of Sanya tourism real estate presents a sustained and stable development trend, and its characteristics are typical of urban tourism real estate. Based on the above analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions:
The main driving factors for the development of tourism real estate in Sanya are the development level of tourism and the comprehensive economic level of the city. The higher the level of tourism and comprehensive economy, the greater the driving force for the development of tourism real estate. The development of other tertiary industries in the city plays a certain auxiliary role in the development of tourism real estate.
Besides the policy support of local government and the investment promotion of private capital, the most fundamental driving factor for the development of urban tourism real estate is the development level of urban tourism economy. Therefore, improving the quality of urban tourism, developing urban tourism economy and giving play to the linkage role of tourism industry are the prerequisites for the good development of urban tourism real estate.