Roentgen has done experimental research in many fields of physics all his life, such as magnetic effect of dielectric moving in charged capacitor, specific heat capacity of gas, thermal conductivity of crystal, pyroelectric and piezoelectric phenomena, rotation of polarization plane of light in gas, photoelectric relationship, elasticity of matter, capillary phenomenon and so on. He won great honor for discovering X-rays, so that most of these contributions were ignored.

1895165438+1October 8th, Roentgen noticed for the first time that the small screen of cyanoplatinum barium placed near the X-ray tube was shining. After several days of sleepless nights, he determined that the luminescence of the fluorescent screen was caused by some kind of radiation from the ray tube. Because little was known about the nature and properties of this ray at that time, he called it X-ray, which means unknown. In the same year, on February 28th, 12, the Journal of the Wü rzburg Physical Medicine Society published his first report on this discovery. He continued to study this kind of ray and published new papers in 1896 and 1897 respectively.

1896 65438+1On October 23rd, Roentgen made his first report in his own research institute. At the end of the report, Crickel, a famous anatomy professor at the University of Wü rzburg, had his hand photographed by X-ray. Crick took the lead in cheering for Roentgen three times and suggested that this ray be named Roentgen ray.

Roentgen ray is the first so-called "penetrating ray" discovered by human beings, which can penetrate some substances that ordinary light cannot penetrate. When it was first discovered, Roentgen took a picture of his wife's hand with this ray, showing the structure of the hand bone. This discovery immediately caused a great sensation and brought great honor to Roentgen. 190 1 awarded the nobel prize for the first time, so roentgen found that he won the nobel prize in physics. During 1895, Roentgen used the equipment designed by his colleagues Hertz, Sitov, crookes and Leonard to study the high voltage discharge effect in vacuum tubes. 165438+1At the beginning of October, Roentgen repeated the experiment of Reynolds tube. This Reynolds tube adds a very narrow window made of metal aluminum to allow cathode rays to exit from the tube, and another piece of cardboard covers the aluminum window to protect it from the strong electric field area where cathode rays are generated. He knew that the paper screen could prevent light from escaping, but he observed that when he held a small paper screen coated with barium cyanoplatinum near the aluminum window, the invisible cathode ray could produce fluorescent effect on the paper screen. This makes Roentgen think that Schiffer-Crooks tube with thicker wall than Leonard tube may also lead to fluorescence effect.

1895165438+1In the late afternoon of October 8, he decided to test his ideas. He carefully made a black paper screen similar to Leonard tube experiment, covered Schiffer-Crooks tube with this screen, and put the electrode in a Ruhmkorff coil to generate electrostatic charge. Roentgen darkened the room to see if his cardboard was leaking before testing his idea with a barium cyanide platinum screen. When he put the coil through the tube, he made sure that the board was really opaque, and then started the next experiment. Just then, he noticed a faint light a few meters away from the test tube. In order to confirm his discovery, he tried to repeat the above operation, and he could see the same glimmer every time. When he lit a match, he found that he put it on the workbench to use barium cyanoplatinum next time.

In the next few hours, Roentgen repeated the experiment over and over again. He quickly determined the specific distance from the test tube, from which he could observe stronger fluorescence than the previous experiment. He speculated that a new ray might have been discovered. 165438+1October 8th is a Friday. Roentgen used this weekend to repeat the experiment and recorded it for the first time. In the next few weeks, he ate and lived in the laboratory, studied almost all the properties of the new ray he temporarily named X-ray, and gave the mathematical representation of the unknown part. Although the new ray was finally named Roentgen ray after him, he always preferred the original term X-ray. Roentgen's discovery of X-rays was not accidental, nor was it his work alone. According to the survey, many people in many countries were doing research in this field at that time, and found that the time was very close. In fact, two years ago, the University of Pennsylvania produced X-rays and their image records. However, the researchers there didn't realize the importance of this discovery, but just filed them, so they lost the opportunity to get the praise of the greatest physical discovery. What he stumbled across on the screen diverted his attention from the original research. He had planned to use this screen in his next experiment, and he made this discovery not long before.

When he studied the blocking ability of different materials to this kind of radiation, he put this small piece of material where the radiation was generated. You can imagine how surprised Roentgen was when he saw the flashing skeleton on the first X-ray image that appeared on the screen he made. It is said that he later conducted an experiment secretly in the laboratory, because he was afraid that his reputation as a professor would be affected if this discovery was a mistake.

Roentgen's original paper A New X-ray was published 50 days later, namely189565438+February 28th. 1896 65438+1On October 5th, an Austrian newspaper reported the discovery of Roentgen. After Roentgen discovered X-rays, the University of Wü rzburg awarded him an honorary doctorate in medicine. From 1895 to 1897, he published three papers on X-rays. Roentgen is very rigorous in his studies, and so far no mistakes have been found in his academic papers. X-ray diagnosis pioneered medical imaging technology. 1895, German physicist wilhelm konrad rontgen discovered X-rays, which opened up a new way for human beings to diagnose and treat diseases with X-rays and pioneered medical imaging technology. However, the X-rays emitted by the first X-ray machines are very weak, and they can only be imaged after one hour of exposure, which has an impact on the health of doctors. Therefore, in order to make doctors more clearly observe the pathological changes and symptoms of human internal organs, better prescribe the right medicine, quickly and thoroughly relieve the pain of patients and protect the health of doctors. Scientists all over the world are tirelessly studying and improving medical imaging technology.

In the mid-1970s, the application of electronic computer brought the first revolutionary innovation to medical imaging, and the first medical imaging equipment combined with electronic computer technology-CT scanner was born! Computerized X-ray tomography (CT) can better distinguish the images of human internal structures and greatly improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis, which has become one of the most important breakthroughs in the field of medical diagnosis in the 20th century. Since then, medical imaging technology has developed rapidly, and various new digital medical imaging technologies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer radiography (CR), digital radiography (DR) and emission computed tomography (ECT), have emerged continuously, forming a powerful radiological image information system (RIS), which has become an indispensable cornerstone of medical diagnosis. With the development and popularization of computer technology and other applications in medicine, a new interdisciplinary subject-medical informatics has finally formed, and the largest medical application field of medical informatics is hospital information system (HIS). HIS collects, stores, processes, transmits and outputs medical care and management information of outpatients and inpatients, including information of clinical auxiliary departments, to form a network system, realize information sharing and improve the quality and efficiency of hospital work. Large hospitals in developed countries built perfect HIS as early as the early 1980s and realized modern medical management. With the rapid development of HIS, the traditional storage and processing methods of medical image materials and data can no longer meet the needs. Therefore, developed countries such as Europe and America began to study more advanced medical image archiving and communication systems (PACS) in the mid-1980s, and formed PACS/RIS with RIS in the early 1990s, which were successively applied to HIS. Based on digital medical imaging technology, the establishment of PACS/RIS and the perfection of HIS constitute a new pattern of digital medical care in the world today. In this surging wave of digital medical care, Kodak Company is a pioneer in providing high technology in this wave. In fact, Kodak Company developed the digital camera technology in 1976, and applied the digital imaging technology to the aerospace field, accumulating strong technical strength in the digital imaging field. 1896 x-ray was used in clinical medicine, and a sewing needle was taken out from the soft tissue of a woman in London for the first time. Any part, tissue and organ of the body can be displayed by X-ray, and abnormalities can be found.

Roentgen resigned from his administrative post on 19 19, specializing in science teaching. He worked in the laboratory on the basis of studying crystal physics until three days before his death. Roentgen's later years were very lonely and bumpy, suffering from the suffering of the First World War and the influence after the war. He once lost 50 pounds. He suffers from gastrointestinal diseases. Three days after acute encephalopathy, 1923, 10 February, he quietly ended his 78-year glorious life journey, and a superstar of mankind fell. He opened the road of atomic physics with his hands, and medical radiology was born and developed, which brought happiness to mankind. Roentgen devoted his life to great scientific research. He is rigorous in style, open-minded, eager to learn, sincere in treating others, diligent in studying, dedicated to his job, persistent in his work, and has gone through hardships to complete his ideal. This is the most precious legacy he left us. So far, the most important chemical element 1 1 1 is named after the ceremony. The chemical element 1 1 1 was first discovered and confirmed in 1994 by an international scientific research team led by Professor Sirgud Hoffman of the German Heavy Ion Research Center.

In 2003, the International Chemical Union officially recognized that the chemical element 1 1 1 was discovered for the first time in the research center, and in 2004, it accepted the suggestion of naming it Rg. When the physicist Roentgen discovered Roentgen ray 1 1, the Stadt Heavy Ion Research Center in Daams held a ceremony to formally name the chemical element11as "Qu".