Article 1
Exploration on Teaching Mode of Animal Medicine Specialty Course
Abstract: Improving the efficiency of education and teaching, giving full play to students' individual ability, self-study ability and collective strength, is a major issue facing Chinese universities. In order to effectively improve students' cognitive structure, improve students' thinking ability and problem-solving ability, the author has always adhered to student-centered teaching in animal medicine, paid attention to students' growth in colleges and universities, and strived to lay a solid foundation for students' lifelong learning in the future. At the same time, the course of animal medicine has been systematically reformed, and the theory of creating situational teaching and constructive learning has been implemented in teaching.
Keywords: comprehensive ability and innovative quality of teaching mode of animal medicine major
Research universities are the result of the rapid development of world education and science and technology in the 20th century, and they are the * * * body of high-level universities. University education should not only educate students how to study independently and explore the essence of things, but also educate students to learn to unite and cooperate, and be a person with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty and comprehensive improvement of their own abilities. Around this goal, a systematic model is constructed to cultivate students' innovative ability, comprehensive analysis ability, scientific experiment ability, self-study ability and unity and cooperation ability.
The fundamental task of teaching specialized courses in animal medicine is to improve students' scientific literacy, especially the scientific literacy of animal medicine needed for a person's lifelong development. Therefore, we must realize the modernization of teaching concepts, teaching contents, teaching methods and teaching management, which is the inevitable trend of the development of education in the world.
First, lay a solid foundation for students' lifelong learning.
Undergraduate education is not and cannot instill all knowledge into students, but lays a good foundation for students' lifelong learning and innovative development. Therefore, we should attach importance to cultivating students' ability to acquire knowledge independently. In teaching, teachers should specify the contents of self-study for students, specify targeted reference books and homework, provide reference methods, put forward requirements for self-study, check and comment on self-study, encourage students to consult materials in combination with teaching contents and their own interests, and carry out targeted teaching according to different levels of students.
Second, teachers should adhere to the scientific research thinking mode to organize teaching.
Different from traditional teaching, research teaching emphasizes the comprehensiveness, process, innovation and application of animal knowledge and medical knowledge. Teachers should pay attention to cultivating students' scientific research ability in the teaching process; Pay attention to students' ability to gradually observe, summarize and find problems in inquiry activities; Gradually form the ability to design experiments, investigate and study; Gradually form the ability to collect and analyze information, express and communicate. On the basis of understanding the students' cognitive development level, this paper puts forward questions that lead to thinking around the teaching focus, takes the problem as the link, takes the rediscovery process of knowledge and the development process of students' thinking as the main line, organizes the "growth point" and "connection point" of knowledge, and conducts teaching in an exploratory way to further develop and improve students' psychological structure, so that students can deeply understand the principles of the unity of structure and function of animal medical knowledge, the unity of pathology and pharmacology, and the close connection between parts and the whole.
Third, create situations and cultivate innovative consciousness.
Constructivism holds that knowledge is acquired by learners' active construction in certain situations. "Knowing is not as good as being good, and being good is not as good as being happy". Interest is the best teacher and the most primitive, direct and powerful motive force to cultivate students' innovative consciousness and develop innovative thinking. The key of teaching lies in creating situations that adapt to different learning characteristics, such as providing relevant graphic information and medical materials, or presenting pathological specimens and models of animals, or asking inquiry questions from students' life experiences, or starting from hot issues related to animal medicine that the society pays attention to. Situational teaching is conducive to giving full play to the leading role of teachers and the main role of students, and to cultivating students' ability to think, explore and solve problems.
Fourth, teaching by using comparative method.
Animal medical comparison method is a teaching method to analyze, identify and comprehensively compare complex and diverse life phenomena and medical essence according to the law of unity of opposites and the law of human cognition. It is an important method to learn animal medicine, an important means to cultivate students' logical thinking ability and develop their intelligence, and the cornerstone of all understanding and thinking. Comparative method can expand the scope of students' original knowledge, deepen the degree of original knowledge, firmly establish the internal relationship of knowledge, organize some fragmentary knowledge and make it systematic. The characteristics of anything can only be fully displayed by comparing with each other.
Fifth, give full play to the personality charm of teachers.
Students' views on classroom teachers directly affect their enthusiasm for learning, and teachers' personality charm plays an important role in interactive teaching. The relationship between teachers and students as "learning" is an equal and democratic one. Teachers should create a relaxed teaching atmosphere, narrow the psychological distance between teachers and students, expand students' psychological development space and tap their creative potential. Interaction is the core of classroom teaching, and three-way communication based on discussion can promote the development of inquiry teaching.
Sixth, cultivate students' ability of unity and cooperation.
A cooperative learning environment is easier for people to have a successful experience than a competitive learning environment. Complex problems can only be solved by multi-person cooperation, and scientific research results are also the crystallization of collective wisdom. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate students' cooperative consciousness and improve their cooperative ability. In the teaching process, students can learn to listen and empathize in groups to promote the development of students' sound personality. In addition, team members give full play to their own strengths, collect data in their favorite way, design their own experimental schemes, record experimental data and observe the results of the investigation truly and objectively, and enjoy all kinds of information resources obtained.
Seven, cultivate students' scientific literacy and sense of social responsibility.
Understanding the relationship between science, technology and society, paying attention to and participating in the discussion and decision-making of social issues related to animal medical technology are important components of cultivating animal medical literacy and an important way to cultivate students' sense of responsibility for nature and society. Teachers should infiltrate the education of the relationship between science and technology and society from multiple levels and angles, help students understand the close relationship between animal medicine and social development through specific examples, and cultivate students' beautiful feelings of loving the motherland and the world.
Eight, make full use of information curriculum resources
Animal medicine teaching emphasizes situation and cooperation, attaches importance to intuition and operation, and advocates learning initiative. The introduction of information-based curriculum resources into the classroom of animal medicine specialty plays a positive role in expanding students' knowledge, stimulating innovative thinking, cultivating mutual aid character and establishing a new relationship between teachers and students. With the development of the Internet, more and more animal medical education information is disseminated on the Internet, such as pictures, courseware, research materials of pharmacology and pathology, and the latest progress of animal science. In the teaching of specialized courses of animal medicine, we should also make full use of these educational resources on the Internet.
In short, in teaching, we should adhere to the principles of objectivity, rigor and seriousness, respect students, guide them flexibly, fully trust students, let students actively participate in teaching, and maximize the enthusiasm and initiative of students' independent learning, so as to change one-way information transmission into two-way and multi-directional information transmission and exchange. Establish a scientific education and teaching plan, optimize the education and teaching process, reform the education and teaching methods, and cultivate innovative ability. It is our teaching purpose to provide students with thinking space for autonomous learning, exploration and discovery, and to cultivate students' innovative consciousness, and to implement this purpose in the whole process of education and teaching.
References:
[1] Feng Duan. The laboratory is the heart of modern universities [J]. Research and exploration in laboratory.
[2] Wang Dehui and others protect biodiversity. China Environmental Science Press, 2003, 1.
the second
Discussion on Veterinary Management System
With the development in recent years and the continuous improvement of China's veterinary management system, China's ability to prevent and control animal diseases has been significantly strengthened. The Ministry of Agriculture will strengthen communication and coordination with relevant departments, strengthen supervision and inspection of localities, and strive for the reform of veterinary management system to be put in place as soon as possible. And put forward the new goals of building a modern agricultural base, vigorously developing modern animal husbandry, accelerating the development of modern animal husbandry and promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside. At the same time, the continuous improvement of the veterinary system is suitable for social development and humanitarian harmony.
Keywords veterinarian; There is a problem; System reform; suggestion
I. Introduction
In the case of highly pathogenic avian influenza and other epidemics, China can quickly win a major victory. In the prevention and control of these major animal diseases, China veterinary workers have made great contributions! In addition, with the sharp rise in pork prices across the country, veterinary workers in China are also required to do a good job in air defense of pig diseases and reduce the risk of pig breeding! It can be seen that veterinary work is an important part of public health work and the basic work to maintain comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development. Promoting the reform of veterinary management system is an important decision made by the State Council, an important step to deepen the reform of administrative management system, improve social management and public service functions, and an important measure to promote the all-round development of veterinary work in China and improve the level of animal health and animal product safety. This also requires that China's veterinary management system needs to be constantly improved and constantly adapt to the development and changes of the times.
Second, the problems existing in China's veterinary management system
1, the organization is not perfect and the management system is improper.
In China, the distribution of veterinarians is not very good, and there are many problems in management. There is no unified organization and management of veterinary work, which leads to unsatisfactory management system. At present, China's veterinary management is scattered to many departments, which makes it impossible to implement unified management and unclear responsibilities. Multi-head management and overlapping functions lead to low management efficiency and waste of resources. For example, the separation of internal and external inspection, the commercial department still manages the slaughter and quarantine of some slaughter enterprises, and the health supervision of some livestock products in circulation is still managed by the health department, which makes it difficult to coordinate the epidemic prevention work, which also brings many contradictions and difficulties to the epidemic prevention and quarantine work and reduces the efficiency. The management organization is chaotic, the responsibilities are unclear, and the administrative efficiency cannot be played normally. This limits the improvement of veterinary level and the shortage of demand.
2, grassroots epidemic prevention work is not in place.
Grass-roots work is the most basic, and the reasons for work can be found out quickly. Due to years of lagging construction, China's grass-roots veterinary system has not developed rapidly, especially the quality and technical level of grass-roots veterinary team personnel are obviously insufficient. First of all, due to harsh working conditions, poor treatment, imperfect employment mechanism and competition mechanism, it is impossible to introduce highly educated veterinary technicians, and the age structure and knowledge structure of personnel are unreasonable. Secondly, due to the poor infrastructure of grass-roots institutions, most of them have been "killing chickens and ducks with one needle" for many years, and the instruments and equipment are not as good as the laboratories of large-scale aquaculture enterprises in the jurisdiction. Third, in the reform, because we only saw the problems existing in grass-roots stations, we did not conduct in-depth investigation and study on veterinary work, and ignored the particularity of grass-roots veterinary management institutions in public welfare services. Instead, it is regarded as a general agricultural technology extension institution, adopting a "one size fits all" approach and simply merging grass-roots stations, resulting in a large number of grass-roots veterinary work can not be carried out normally, and there are serious hidden dangers in animal epidemic prevention and animal products safety. The grassroots epidemic prevention organizations and teams are unstable, the funds are not guaranteed, and the epidemic prevention mechanism is not solved, which shakes the foundation of animal epidemic prevention. It can be seen that the grass-roots work is not in place, which will greatly affect the steady and rapid development of agriculture and animal husbandry.
3. Lack of professionals and technology.
* * *1* * The age structure of technicians is too large.
In modern times, veterinarians can't attract everyone's attention, that is to say, there are very few people engaged in the veterinary industry. According to statistics, in China's county and township animal husbandry and veterinary technology extension service system, 28% are under 35 years old, 3 1% are 36-45 years old, and 4 1% are 46-60 years old, and the age structure tends to be aging. This requires the state to vigorously promote veterinary drug technology and inject new blood into this industry, thus effectively ensuring the steady development of agriculture and animal husbandry.
* * * 2 * * The knowledge of technicians is aging.
Some grass-roots veterinary workers in our country, many of them are the older generation's own slowly groping for the technology passed down. They have not received systematic training from professional schools, so they have a great technical disadvantage. However, most people who graduated from animal husbandry schools work at county level and big towns and villages, and their knowledge is seriously aging due to lack of further study and technical update. At present, the township epidemic prevention technology is weak, and it is difficult to undertake the heavy task of epidemic prevention and control. The implementation of comprehensive measures such as blocking, prevention, investigation and control lacks due personnel and technical support. Once a serious illness occurs, the ability to deal with emergencies is weak.
4. There is no perfect legal system guarantee.
So far, China's laws and regulations are not perfect in dealing with veterinary work. Although animal epidemic prevention law, entry-exit animal and plant quarantine law and its implementation regulations, veterinary drug management regulations, feed and feed additives management regulations have been formulated in laws and regulations, a complete legal system for veterinary work has not yet been formed: there is no basic law for veterinary work, no veterinary management system, veterinary practice management, emergency response to sudden major animal epidemics, animal diagnosis and treatment, and sanitary quality of animal products. The existing laws are far from perfect in many aspects, and there are more or less some problems, among which there are many incongruities; The Law on Animal Epidemic Prevention is only applicable to the management of animal infectious diseases and parasitic diseases, but it does not reflect the whole process of health supervision and effective management of veterinary work by veterinary administrative departments, and its practical status needs to be improved. The functions of the Animal Epidemic Prevention Law and the Entry-Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine Law overlap in some places, and are out of touch in others, which are not suitable for the development of animal epidemic prevention and quarantine work and the control of animal diseases under the current situation. This requires the state to constantly improve the system of laws and regulations and formulate a veterinary management system suitable for China.
Third, suggestions on the reform of China's veterinary management system.
The imperfection of the veterinary system has greatly affected the development of this industry and restricted the development of agriculture and animal husbandry to a certain extent. Problems such as imperfect institutions, weak grass-roots animal epidemic prevention system, lack of professionals and imperfect laws have seriously affected the prevention and control ability of animal diseases and the improvement of the quality and safety level of animal products. In addition, at present, major animal diseases occur from time to time in the world, especially in neighboring countries, and even spread regionally, which brings great pressure to the prevention and control of major animal diseases in China. Therefore, reforming the veterinary management system has become a very urgent task at present. At the same time, the system reform must adapt to China's basic national conditions in order to promote national development and social harmony.
1, establish and improve the veterinary work system.
According to China's basic national conditions, establish and improve veterinary management institutions. The central veterinary administrative institution is incorporated into the internal organs of the Ministry of Agriculture. Veterinary administrative institutions below the provincial level shall be determined by the provincial people's government in combination with the needs of local aquaculture development and veterinary work, and shall be submitted for approval according to procedures. The veterinary administrative agency at a higher level is responsible for guiding the veterinary administrative agency at a lower level; Veterinary administrative agencies at all levels shall be responsible for guiding and supervising animal epidemic prevention and quarantine. It is necessary to strengthen the management of veterinary drugs and implement the official veterinary system. In this way, the veterinary working system can be improved and the working procedure can be accelerated.
2. Strengthen the construction of grass-roots animal epidemic prevention institutions.
We should actively promote the reform of township animal husbandry and veterinary stations, improve policies, and attract more young people to join. Animal husbandry and veterinary stations are set up by the county-level veterinary administrative departments according to towns or regions, and the personnel, business and funds are managed by the county-level veterinary administrative departments in a unified way, and they undertake the functions of animal epidemic prevention, quarantine and public welfare technology extension services. It is necessary to scientifically define the business services such as diagnosis and treatment services originally undertaken by township animal husbandry and veterinary stations, and reasonably separate them from public welfare functions to make them go to the market. Encourage and guide the personnel of township animal husbandry and veterinary stations to set up business veterinary service entities. Constantly strengthening the management system of animal epidemic prevention institutions is also conducive to the smooth progress of the work.
3. Strengthen the construction of veterinary team and cultivate professional talents.
Formulate corresponding industry system, establish veterinary association and improve service level. Effectively strengthen the construction of veterinary work ability. We should attach importance to and strengthen veterinary education, ensure the reserve of human resources and improve the quality of employees. Strengthen veterinary scientific research, improve animal disease control means, establish and improve risk assessment mechanism, and improve the level of scientific prevention and control. Strengthen foreign exchanges and cooperation, actively participate in international veterinary affairs, follow up and study international animal health rules, and timely adjust and improve relevant domestic policies. This will be beneficial to the cultivation and development of professional talents and the construction of a harmonious society in China.
4. Improve the system of veterinary management laws and regulations.
Establish and improve the animal-related laws and regulations system, and accelerate the improvement of the veterinary work laws and regulations system. Study and formulate relevant laws and regulations such as official veterinary management and practicing veterinary management, and give full play to the protective role of laws and regulations in veterinary management. Promote the comprehensive, reasonable and healthy development of veterinary management.
In short, speed up the reform of veterinary management system and improve the ability of animal disease prevention and control. It is also hoped that relevant workers will work together to improve institutions, clarify functions, improve laws and regulations, and gradually establish a scientific, unified, transparent and efficient veterinary management system and implementation mechanism. Further improve the ability and level of veterinary management institutions to administer according to law, promote the all-round development of animal health work in China, and continuously improve the safety level of animal health and its products in China. Let the veterinary system in China be more perfect and the society develop more harmoniously.