Keywords: supervisor; Quality; Working methods; Engineering quality 1 quality of supervisors
1. 1 supervisors should have high academic qualifications and multidisciplinary knowledge. Supervisors need not only scientific knowledge of engineering technology, but also scientific knowledge of economic management. Engineering technology includes: engineering materials science, engineering structure science, construction technology and so on. To master this knowledge, you generally need a college degree or above. Economic management science includes: economics, organization management, business, building regulations, bidding management, contract management, etc. Of course, as a supervisor, it is impossible for everyone to master the required knowledge, but as a chief supervision engineer, he should have profound knowledge in engineering structure and contract management. Professional supervision engineers should also have the basic knowledge of these aspects outside the specialty.
1.2 supervision engineer should have convincing ability. The supervision work is not entirely dealing with "things", but mostly dealing with "people". Without convincing ability, it is difficult to support and implement the regulatory planning, suggestions, instructions, audit opinions and methods to deal with problems, and it is difficult for the regulatory work to achieve the desired results. Therefore, the supervision engineer should not only have rich knowledge, but also have the idea of diligently serving the construction, good ideological and moral character and professional ethics, adhere to the working attitude of seeking truth from facts and handling problems fairly, be diligent in investigation and study, and be good at communication. Only in this way can the prestige of supervision be established and the supervision work be carried out smoothly and effectively.
1.3 supervision engineer should have the ability to foresee and insight into problems. This is determined by the characteristics of supervision work. The main obligation of supervision work is to ensure the quality and safety of the project and safeguard the interests of both parties to the contract and the national interests. However, engineering quality and safety accidents often have no obvious warning, and some violations of discipline and law that infringe on the interests of the other party and the state are mostly carried out in a hidden state, sometimes giving supervisors an illusion. Therefore, if the supervisor is confused, fails to foresee and see the problem in advance, and fails to take timely measures to stop it, it will cause greater trouble and eventually have to bear greater responsibility.
2 the main points of supervision engineer's work
2. 1 Key points of supervision in construction stage. The main points of supervision work in the construction process are the understanding, implementation and inspection of the contents stipulated in the Code for Construction Engineering Supervision, and the methods and measures adopted to meet the requirements of the code and the contract objectives.
For example, for the problem of engineering change, Article 6.2. 1 of the Code for Construction Engineering Supervision has clearly stipulated the handling procedure of engineering change. However, in the process of construction supervision, occasionally, due to the tight construction period, few engineering changes, hard to find the signatory or the engineering changes beyond the scope authorized by the owner, the construction supervision agrees to the engineering changes without consulting the owner, and the owner and design unit do not approve the changes, so it is difficult to accept and measure them. There are also owners' representatives and contractors who make engineering changes indoors or on site, without notifying the supervisor, and then go through the change procedures afterwards, which leads to the passive situation of the supervision work.
On the basis of on-site investigation and study of construction conditions, the supervision unit analyzes the risks of the owner and the contractor, and at the same time, combines the general construction schedule plan and the general construction supervision schedule control plan, decomposes the general schedule target, predicts the schedule deviation, and puts forward measures to control the deviation in advance, which can be used as the basis for assessing the phased schedule target and reviewing the general schedule plan prepared by the contractor. In the process of construction, the supervision unit should control the construction progress under the principle of ensuring the engineering quality and construction safety. Carefully monitor and track the actual progress of the construction site: when the actual progress is inconsistent with the planned progress, ask the contractor to arrange the next process; When the actual progress lags behind the planned progress, the supervision unit shall require the contractor to take corrective measures; When necessary, make an adjustment schedule and implement it after approval. In order to effectively implement the work content of "four controls, two pipes and one coordination", it is very important to play the role of the first site meeting, weekly site meeting and special meeting. For example, at the weekly site meeting, check the completion of last week item by item, and the next process can only be carried out after the completed project is qualified. For the process that can't be completed on time, find out the deviation, analyze the reasons and ask for measures to complete it. The supervisor shall report the progress inspection to the owner in the site meeting and monthly supervision report, especially the implementation of progress control measures. 2.2 supervisors in dealing with the relationship between the parties.
2.2. 1 method to deal with the relationship with the owner. The relationship between the owner and the supervision unit is entrusted and entrusted. There is a relationship between authorization and entrustment contract, so the owner's understanding of the trust of the supervision unit, his own responsibility, design and construction drawings, construction procedures, and the handling of construction problems. In some cases, the owner's representative replaces the owner's contract behavior with personal behavior. Different from the understanding of the supervisor. In order to solve these problems, the work art of the supervisor is as follows: whether to write written materials for the meeting or communicate alone; Whether to solve it immediately or after investigation and study for a period of time; Is it solved at the grassroots level or at the higher level? But in any case, the supervisor should always safeguard the interests of the owners, treat each other sincerely, understand and analyze with the owners' ideas, weigh the pros and cons, support the owners' correct thinking, patiently explain the owners' irregular behaviors, and assist the owners to make correct decisions.
2.2.2 supervision method to deal with the relationship with the contractor. As far as engineering construction projects are concerned, owners, contractors and supervision units are all independent and equal subjects in the construction market, and the interpersonal relationship among the three construction subjects is equal and respectful, which should run through the whole construction process.
The supervision unit shall supervise the construction contractor according to the specifications, construction drawings and construction contracts, and at the same time respect and help the contractor. Respect here means respecting their rich construction experience and their management methods. On the basis of maintaining a fair position, they can help construction contractors solve practical problems in engineering construction and prevent claims from happening. The supervisor should not interfere with the normal construction methods adopted by the contractor, nor should he interfere with the analysis and treatment of construction organization and management problems. However, he can make suggestions according to the specifications, contract provisions and construction organization design (scheme), and the contractor should make decisions on his own, so as to avoid assuming supervision responsibilities due to safety, quality and progress problems.
In the construction supervision project, there are often conflicts between the supervision unit and the contractor on pre-control quality inspection, concealed engineering inspection, engineering measurement visa, time limit for a project regardless of quality, project suspension and resumption of work, treatment of construction safety hazards, construction quality information and visa. Supervisors should understand that to solve these problems, it is necessary to listen carefully to the reasons stated by the contractor, verify the data reported by the contractor on site according to the drawings, and insist on using facts, data and written materials to make the contractor orally correct the problems, which is convincing. It is worth noting that the construction supervisor must not tolerate the contractor's construction problems, safety problems or construction materials, and even consciously or unconsciously become the contractor's builder, quality inspector, safety officer and documenter, forgetting the supervision, control and coordination role that the construction supervisor should play, such as appeasing safety and quality accidents that may cause losses, which should be paid attention to.
2.2.3 Supervision methods between processing and design units. Although there is no contractual relationship between the supervision unit and the design unit in the construction stage, there is a working relationship. For example, the construction unit should carry out the construction according to the drawings; According to the drawings, the supervision company carries out supervision according to the contract. Although there are design disclosure and blue prints.the design before construction, it is still possible to change the original design and construction drawing because the fineness and depth of the design and construction drawing are not enough to meet the construction needs, or because the structural form changes due to engineering geological changes, or because the use function changes, or because of scheme adjustment, or because of changes in people, machines, materials, methods and environment. The supervision unit shall respect the design and construction drawings, respect the designers and give necessary work support. However, in case of design change, the engineering change procedure required by the specification should still be followed. Make the final completion and acceptance of the project entity become a building product with less investment, fast progress and high quality that the owner is satisfied with, and become a combination of construction supervision technology and art.
Conclusion:
The core of the supervisor's working method is "let the facts speak for themselves and convince people by reasoning". Supervisor's suggestions, instructions, inspection opinions, confirmation items, coordination relations, etc. Must be based on facts, and strive to accurately conform to the actual situation, avoid being subjective and one-sided, and avoid being "almost" or "probably". Construction supervision should strive to become a compound talent who knows design, construction, management and coordination, so as to effectively ensure the quality of the project.