The author of Romance is Luo Guanzhong and Zhang with a big beard, who was born in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. It was published in the first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty.
The popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the earliest engraving of this book, which seems to be a conclusion.
because
Therefore, when discussing its ideology and artistry, the academic circles are naturally based on the above understanding.
Take The Romance of Three Kingdoms as Luo Guanzhong's personal creation and combine it with his times.
It makes all kinds of explanations. However, questions are constantly emerging: Luo Guanzhong lived in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.
At the beginning (some scholars estimated that Luo Guanzhong wrote the Romance of the Three Kingdoms at around 1329),
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was first published in the first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, from the end of Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of Ming Dynasty.
There is no record in this book for nearly 200 years from (1522). How did it survive?
Luo Guanzhong was born in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. At that time, there was neither a mature novel theory nor a ready-made one.
This novel can be used for reference. What kind of genius can create such an immortal masterpiece
However, as the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Jiajing Renwu was clearly marked as "Edited by Luo Guanzhong",
This statement has long been recognized by academic circles, although some scholars are skeptical because of lack of evidence.
After all, the sufficient evidence to overthrow the inherent views is self-doubt, self-confidence and traditional believers.
This view has not been shaken.
Huang Zhengfu, an orphan of the Ming Dynasty, published 20 volumes of Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
To solve this problem, it is obviously the most important to study the source and development of the version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
key However, this work is very complicated. Various prints handed down since Ming and Qing Dynasties.
There are more than 30 kinds of Romance of the Three Kingdoms in this book, and these versions are either at home or abroad.
It is difficult for ordinary scholars to see, and there are not many people who have access to these versions. live
Mr. Liu Cunren, who now lives in Australia, gave a detailed description of the overseas version of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Through investigation, it is considered that the original book of Systematic Biography of the Three Kingdoms in Ming Dynasty should be earlier than that in Ming Dynasty.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms (please refer to China, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1983).
A study of ancient novels-on the authenticity of Luo Guanzhong's novels from Liu Cunren of Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Pseudo-nature "); Mr. Zhou of Peking University wrote in the book Evaluation of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
This paper makes a detailed investigation of several existing versions of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms in China, and draws the following conclusions.
The conclusion is roughly the same as that of Mr. Liu Cunren. This should be said to be one aspect of textual research on the version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Facing a big breakthrough. In addition, there are many scholars' textual research on the version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
After some efforts, Andrew West, an Englishman, wrote a textual research on Romance of the Three Kingdoms (an ancient book on the beach).
Press, 1996 edition), devoted to textual research on the source and development of the version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. He * * * collects
Up to 35 versions, it is divided into four branches: A, B, C and D, and each branch is divided into several branches. Ruocong
In analyzing the evolution of the version, Andrew West's work can be described as meticulous and fruitful. But his eyes
The focus is on tracing the original Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by Luo Guanzhong (Princeton Andrew West 1993).
The doctoral thesis of the East Asian Department of the University is entitled "Pursuing the Original Text: Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
Textual research), therefore, although the textual research is detailed, there are many subjective assumptions in the conclusion.
And strengthened Luo Guanzhong's creation of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Similarly, Liu Cunren and Zhou
The two gentlemen also made a breakthrough in the study of editions, but they still agreed with Luo Guanzhong's Three.
The conception of The Romance of China. In other words, the problems raised above have not been solved.
Since 1986, the author has been paying attention to the study of the romance of the Three Kingdoms, reading relevant literature and research.
In the process of writing my thesis, I feel more and more that solving this problem is very important for us to understand China's novels.
It is very meaningful to know the development history and even the traditional culture of our nation.
1992 I was lucky enough to be admitted to the Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University, where I studied under Mr. Qi Gong and Mr. Deng Kuiying.
I am studying for a doctorate in classical philology in China, and my doctoral thesis is entitled Research on Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Objectively, we can also examine the version of the book, because there are more than ten kinds of Three Kingdoms plays in China.
Almost all versions of Yi are in Beijing. In order to get the correct answer, I investigated all the major maps in Beijing.
Various versions of The Romance of The Three Kingdoms collected by the library have been consulted.
Got a lot of evidence.
During this period, the most important thing is to find a unique illustration of the Ming Dynasty in the National Library.
The newly published Twenty Volumes of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is in Sun Yat-sen's bibliography of popular novels in China.
It was recorded as "Tomorrow's Studio Sculpture". On the surface, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms was published in the Ming Dynasty.
Chinese appeared relatively late, so some scholars have read this book before, but they didn't add it.
Attention; Andrew West, an Englishman, even listed it in the abridged version of Branch D, and did not test it. Actually, this
Huang Zhengfu edition is a very important early periodical edition, but its true face is covered up.
That's all. The cover, preface, catalogue and appendix of the book will be supplemented three years from tomorrow.
The body part is an old version left over from the early days! Why do you see it? First of all, the title of the cover of this book is
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the capital of each volume is marked with "New Edition of Beijing Edition, Textual Research and Revision of Popular Romance"
As in the Biography of the Three Kingdoms, the so-called duplicity is true; Second, the font of the directory is different from the text, and there are some parts.
The text of the subdirectory is inconsistent with the corresponding title in the text. Third, there is a "Mountain Man" in front of the book.
The preface made by "Gu Sheng" clearly points out that the book "does not lose its true colors, which is enough to open the deaf heart of the world."
Flowers. " No one has seen this before, which aroused my great interest in reading this book in detail.
Fun. I made a detailed investigation with this book and Jiajing's popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Judging from the poems in the book,
Annotations, story narration and the use of words have all obtained a lot of evidence to prove this truth.
The reissue was published more than 20 years earlier than Jiajing's (for details, please refer to the author's publication for Renmin University).
Preface to Romance of the Three Kingdoms published by Huang Zhengfu in 2000). About Huang
After the publication of this textual research article published by Fu Zheng, it was submitted to Mr. Qi Gong for review. After reading it, Mr. Qi said, "The article.
The writing is very solid, which solves a major problem. And put forward some amendments to some of them.
Change your mind. Later, I went to Beijing Library and presented a Huang Zhengfu publication to Mr. Qi Gong.
After carefully examining the seal cutting style of the book, Mr. Yan pointed out: "This is indeed the early Ming Dynasty."
The publication of Folk Workshop proves that your evidence is convincing. "This Huang Zhengfu publication.
This discovery can be said to make Jiajing's popular version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms the earliest block print ever seen.
The inherent concept of has lost its foundation. At the same time, some further discussions were obtained from the book.
The completion of Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the clues of the author's problems. This issue of Huang Zhengfu appeared in Fujian.
The publication time of this edition should be around 1500 (the thirteenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty), which is worth noting.
Meaning, this book from beginning to end did not mention why the author of this book, that is to say, this
The earliest woodcut seen today was not marked "Edited by Luo Guanzhong". In addition, Mr. Liu Cunren wrote in Lun Heng
The Summary of China's Novels mentioned one of Zhu's new books, and he commented on the content and title of the book.
Department made a detailed description, the volume of the frontispiece or untitled, or just titled "Lin Shuzi",
Fortification and Catalpa, Volume XIII is entitled Zhu Ji on Ancient Face, and Volume XIV is entitled.
"Editor-in-Chief of ZHU Huai in Yangcheng", with the title "LIN Shu Zi Xing", is extracted from Mr. Liu Cunren's work.
Judging from the text, he thinks that the book is also a publication earlier than Jiajing, but from beginning to end.
It is not about Luo Guanzhong's writing or editing (this version appeared late and needs to be examined in detail). Therefore,
We have every reason to say that the words "after learning Robben Manual" are not the earliest lettering.
It appeared at noon in Ming Jiajing's popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, probably because booksellers wanted to write books.
A label attached for profit.
The popular statement that the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is Luo Guanzhong is simply not reliable.
About Luo Guanzhong, there are his records in the ghost book sequel, which was anonymous in the early Ming Dynasty, among which
The author had contact with Luo Guanzhong, and recorded that Luo Guanzhong was a "Taiyuan native", but did not mention his name.
"Robben" (some people say that his name "Ben" is "penetration" and it is purely a sideline). Just say him.
"Yuefu argot is extremely fresh", and he wrote three kinds of zaju. There is no mention that he created the Three Kingdoms.
Novels such as Popular Romance spread to the Ming Dynasty nearly 200 years later.