First, the role of the beginning and end of the article common answers
(a) the role of the beginning:
1. Attract readers:
(1) Clever suspense
(2) Use rhetoric (to make words vivid)
(3) full of life interest
2. The full text of the general manager
Set the emotional tone
4. The following texts have a certain relationship: (1) Contrastive relationship (2) foreshadowing, foreshadowing relationship (3) Echo relationship (4) Want to promote first and suppress.
(2) The function of termination:
1. central category: (1) points out that the center (2) deepens the theme (3) expands the theme.
2. It has something to do with the previous article: (1) Contrast (2) Echo.
3. Leave space for readers to think and imagine.
4. Euphemism is implicit and meaningful
Second, the thinking mode of general metaphor and sub-metaphor
(used to describe complex sentence comprehension problems)
Thinking steps: 1. Clearly state the theme (cornerstone)
2. Distinguish between ontology carriers (key points)
3. Clarify the content of metaphor (guarantee)
Third, about the benefits of three kinds of people.
The first person: (me):
1. Let readers feel personally experienced.
2. It is convenient for the author to express his complex feelings.
(we):
1. Say reason is infectious.
2. Lyrics are infectious.
The second man said: (you, you):
1. Praise nature: intimacy
2. Critical:
(1) Man: Questioning power-strong momentum-expressing emotion.
(2) non-human: personification-ditto
The third person: (he, they): objective and true.
Fourth, common expressions
(technique; Writing method; Writing method; Artistic skills ...)
Contrast; Symbol; Set out; Metaphor; Humor; Satire; Clever suspense; Description of personal data; Want to promote first; Lyric with scenery; The combination of reality and surplus; Take things and express your wishes;
Fifth, when the article has many topics and emotions, it is advisable to summarize the author's emotions by underlining and abstract syntax.
(common in lyric prose describing scenery)
1. Underline the central sentence
2. Underline the words with a sense of * * *
3. Analyze the emotions contained in the text and combine the full text to sort out the answers.
Six, the common types of article layout
1. twists and turns (the plot is tortuous and fascinating)
2. Want to promote suppression before promotion (highlight key points)
3. The ending was unexpected and reasonable (thought-provoking)
4. Clever suspense (attracting readers)
Step by step (interlocking and closely structured)
6. Some kind of space-time relationship
7. Some kind of contrast
Note: the structural features of the article are infinite, so mastering the layout of the article is not only about the essence of the structural features.
Seven, the main points of sentence appreciation
1. Analytical Rhetoric
2. Description angle:
(1) Comparison of distance, height and size
(2) the combination of reality and surplus
(3) Seeing, hearing and smelling are divided into different levels.
3. Material selection characteristics:
(1) Small things
(2) Details
(3) One aspect
Eight, the article selection characteristics of common answers
1. Seeing the big from the small (easily accepted by readers) is common in narratives and novels.
2. The use of ancient stories, allusions, fables and poems (to enhance the cultural connotation of articles) is common in argumentative essays and essays.
3. Wide choice angle (rich and vivid articles) is common in prose.
Nine, the language characteristics of the common answers in the article
1. Vivid images (rhetoric, gorgeous language, more prose)
2. Dull (read more novels, narratives and philosophical essays)
humorous
X. Issues concerning double meanings
1. Shallow and deep layers
Shallow layer is generally related to the content of the article; The deeper level is generally related to the center of the article.
Shallow layers are generally material layers; The deeper level is generally spiritual.
2. Virtual writing and real writing: dreams; Realistic fantasy; Realistic imagination; now
3. Different roles have different meanings.
Eleven, gradually focus on common types.
1. In-depth logic: the classification is infinite, and it is important to master what logic is.
2. Emotional deepening: exaggeration; Deepen.
3. From sensibility to rationality
Answer method
I haven't heard that there are formulas in mathematics. How can we even have Chinese or read comprehension? It's a formula, but it's actually an answering term. Don't we always see high-frequency words such as "expressed", "explained" and "highlighted" in reference answers? These are the terms we are going to talk about today, and they are also the most effective scoring methods in the examination room!
1. Understand some words in the text.
Can understand the surface meaning, deep meaning and implication of words, and can understand the effect of their expression;
Be able to determine what the word refers to: it usually appears on it.
Find the descendants and enter the original text.
See if it is smooth and reasonable.
2. Abstract of the article
Content summary (one-sentence story summary): people and things (main points summary)
The key point to promote the development of the plot must be the first and last key sentences.
The central idea is summarized as follows: "This article expresses the author's admiration and admiration for _ _ by someone doing something."
Praise him (character, spiritual quality)
3. The role of the main sentence
The structure runs through the whole article, and the content points out the center.
4. Rhetorical methods and expressive functions
Metaphor, personification: vividly display and express emotions.
Parallelism: express, express, enhance language potential and strengthen feelings.
Question: Ask yourself and answer yourself, arouse readers' thinking and make the article ups and downs.
Rhetorical question: strengthen tone, enhance language potential, express (emotion), and make the article ups and downs.
Answer mode
(1). Point out the expression mode ②. What to display (3). What feelings did you express? For example, with this sentence, what is vividly displayed and expressed …
5. Narrative sequence and function
(1) The function of sequential narrative (according to the sequence of events): The narrative has a beginning and an end, which is clear and impressive.
(2) Flashback: It caused suspense ... and made the story more tortuous.
Enhance the readability of the article.
(3) Interpolation function: supplementary explanation ... makes the characters richer and the center more prominent.
6. The role of interspersed discussion in narrative.
We must answer from two aspects: content and structure.
(1) Structurally follow the top, open the bottom, guide the bottom (guide the bottom), connect the front and the bottom (transition), and take care of the front (beginning).
(2) Content: Start with the topic, express the sense of * * *, point out the center, deepen the theme, and make the finishing point.
(3) Writing methods: atmosphere rendering, lyricism, seeing the big from the small, setting suspense, paving the way for the later article, lyricism by borrowing scenery, lyricism by supporting things, etc.
Symbolize, support things and express will: make expression euphemistic, implicit, profound and touching.
In fact, the high score of reading questions should be practiced more, and we can't just rely on the general answer template above. So I suggest that students do more reading training in their spare time ~
Theme explanation
News reading analysis
Common test sites
1. Understand the meaning of the sentence
2. Screening integrated information issues
3. Summarize and analyze the problem of character image.
4. The role of leadership.
5. The role of background
6. The role of conclusions
7. Text structure arrangement (sequence, flashback, supplementary narrative, diary body)
8. Appreciate the expression of news.
9. Language feature analysis
10. Analysis of news stylistic features
1 1. Explore the writing background and intention of news.
12. Explore the life value and spirit of the times reflected by news (text closed and semi-open)
Characteristics of news style
Basic characteristics: prompt, timely, true in content and concise in language.
The most important feature: "speak with facts."
Basic structure:
Title, introduction, theme, background and conclusion. Title, introduction and theme are essential for news, while background and conclusion are sometimes included in the theme, and conclusion can sometimes be omitted.
① Title: accurate, concise, novel and eye-catching. There are single-line headings and multi-line headings in the table. Multi-line title-quotation (quotation): explain the situation, set off the atmosphere, explain the background, etc. Subject: A high-level summary of the message content. Subtitle: It is often a summary of important facts and results.
(2) Introduction: The first sentence or the first paragraph of the news summarizes the main contents or facts of the news in concise language and clearly reveals the center of the news. Common writing methods are narrative, descriptive, critical, questioning and conclusion.
③ Theme: It is the expansion and supplement of the lead content and the backbone of the information. Arrange the hierarchy according to the order of occurrence and development of things, and arrange the hierarchy according to the logical relationship between things.
Conclusion: The last sentence or paragraph of news, some news, the facts are clear, there is no need to end. It can make a general summary of the full text; Can be summed up in inspiring language; Can predict the development trend; You can ask questions worth pondering.
Methods of reading news texts
According to the characteristics of news, we can adopt the following six steps when reviewing:
1. Read the headline information and try to figure out the news type;
Similar to the composition test; That is, by pondering the meaning of the question, we should be able to distinguish whether the narrative object of this article is people news or event news, news or communication.
2. Grasp the narrative elements and understand the general content;
This is determined by stylistic features. Because the content of news, no matter what type, is generally inseparable from the six elements of people, time, place, cause, development and result of events.
3. Sort out clues and distinguish paragraph levels;
That is, to understand the context and order of the article, the purpose is to clarify the author's writing ideas, so as to accurately divide the paragraph level of the full text.
4. Distinguish the narrative mode and understand the layout characteristics;
That is to say, the main narrative mode of the text is analyzed, and the information conveyed is generally in the form of "inverted pyramid", which is different from the general narrative. The narrative methods of newsletters are flexible, including direct narrative and flashback, and there may be narrative methods such as interpolation and supplementary narrative in the middle. This requires us to pay special attention when reading.
5. Dig the central theme and understand the meaning;
The purpose is to evaluate the main viewpoints and basic tendencies of the text, evaluate the social value and influence of the text, and explore the life value and the spirit of the times reflected by the text in the D-level appreciation of the outline.
6. Analyze the expressive techniques of appreciation and exploration.
Generally speaking, it can be considered from the perspectives of narrative, description, lyricism, discussion and other expressive techniques, literary means such as comparison, lyricism by borrowing scenery, hammering words, metaphor, personification and other rhetorical methods. However, news often uses a variety of expressions, and reading time during exams is very limited. Therefore, it is generally more appropriate to combine the analysis of the most important and prominent news objects.
Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
1. According to the news content, combined with the actual life, briefly explain your own views.
(1) is comprehensive and balanced, with sufficient arguments.
(2) Read back the original text and choose the argument.
After a clear point of view, it is necessary to make a concise discussion. We should read back the original text and carefully select strong arguments from the original text to support our views. This is very important.
(3) Brief discussion, combining with practice.
Quote the key sentences of the original text as arguments properly and concisely, and make a concise discussion to prove the correctness of the point of view. Sometimes it is necessary to combine the actual moderate analysis to make the argument more powerful.
(4) Main points and counter-attack arguments.
Finally, we should summarize the essence and the rebate argument in one sentence. Sentence reference style: Therefore ...; Based on this, we think ...; In short, ...
2. Sentence meaning question and answer program
Combine the context and grasp the key words. Surface meaning+deep meaning
3. Screening information questions to answer routines
① Read the full text
Know where, when, who, what happened, how it developed and how it ended.
② See the questions clearly, define the screening requirements, and find the effective information interval for answering questions.
(3) in the effective information interval, seize the keywords, seize the news points, and filter and integrate.
(4) According to the topic, answer with the selected words and phrases.
4. News Lead Q&A Routine
① Summarize the main contents and facts of news and clearly reveal the center of news.
(2) Grasping typical shots to give readers a sense of scene and vitality; Attract readers' interest in reading.
(3) Set an appropriate emotional tone for the whole article (nervous or enthusiastic or cheerful or depressed or sad), which runs through the whole article.
(4) The structure leads to the following detailed description of an event.
⑤ Skills: Use figures, examples and comparisons to express the characteristics of news events.
5. Answers to news background questions
(1) Explain and supplement news facts to deepen the knowledge and understanding of news.
(2) highlighting people's characteristics,
③ Reveal the significance of news events, embody the news theme, and enhance the thickness and depth of news.
④ Enhance the expression effect. Narrating background events enriches the text content, makes the news more real and objective, has a strong sense of scene, and enhances the readability and appeal of the article.
6. Q&A routine of news conclusion
① Summarize the full text and echo the beginning.
(2) It is enlightening, thought-provoking and thought-provoking to clarify or deepen the theme of news so that readers can understand the news value and significance of news facts more deeply.
③ Ensure the integrity of news structure, fill in gaps and add supplementary information.
(4) Entrust things and send feelings, giving people a aftertaste.
7. Structured problem solver
Three basic requirements of communication structure:
Reveal the internal connection of news facts, and the context is clear; Obey the need to express the theme; Complete expression, ups and downs.
The news structure includes:
(1) Inverted pyramid structure (or flashback structure, hanging structure), making sounds to stimulate reading interest.
(2) Multi-faceted splicing form (or horizontal structure or montage structure), drawing materials from different sides of the characters, depicting the noble character of the characters from multiple angles according to the internal relations of the materials, with many events without repetition and disorder.
③ Main line hook type. Take ... as a clue to writing.
④ Vertical structure. Arrange the hierarchy in chronological order, which is clear and clear.
⑤ Contrast structure.
8. The answer structure of news expression skills question
It is divided into forms of expression: narration, description, discussion and lyricism. Rhetoric+text structure+expression: description of details, lyricism by borrowing scenery, contrast, setting off, rendering, seeing the big from the small, etc.
Overview of methods
(1) Analyze the role of expression skills in expressing the characteristics of news objects.
(2) Analyze the role of expression skills in expressing news themes.
(3) Analyze the effect of expression skills on the author's attitude.
(4) Analyze the influence of expression skills on the social effect of breaking news.
(5) Analyze the effect of expression skills on news stylistic features: enhance the visual sense or vivid readability of news scenes that make people feel at home.
9. Language Feature Question Answering Procedure
To analyze the characteristics of the article language, we should first look at the sentence characteristics of the article language as a whole, the use of descriptive techniques and whether rhetorical devices are used, and then find out typical examples for analysis. Pay attention to concise language when analyzing.
10. Stylistic feature question answering program
(1) Analyze the authenticity of news content
(2) Analyze the timeliness of news.
1 1. Writing intention under the news background.
(1) The writing background of the editorial.
② The characteristics of news and news editorials —— from the aspects of "news is effective and targeted", "journalists' professional quality" and "news editorials should reflect the mainstream consciousness of the country and play an inspiring, inspiring and inspiring role".
12. News Q&A routine
(1) Clear vision.
② Citation: Make full use of original materials and summarize relevant facts.
③ Analysis: Summarize the counter-attack viewpoint and make a brief conclusion.
(4) Open inquiry: it is necessary to reasonably connect with reality and explain the enlightenment (positive or negative).