In the hot summer and cold winter areas (taking Hunan as an example), some technical means to control building energy conservation and building noise are comprehensively considered.
The actual operation has positive practical significance and practical value. Specifically, in the selection and treatment of building envelope materials and structures and related aspects of architectural design (such as building greening)
Other links can achieve both, and have achieved certain results.
Keywords: building energy saving; Building noise; Heat transfer coefficient; Sound insulation; External protective structure
1 preface
As we all know, the energy problem is a problem that all countries in the world attach great importance to. In the total energy consumption in the world, building energy consumption accounts for about 25%~40%. In recent years, the architectural festival in China
With the promulgation and implementation of a series of national regulations and local standards for building energy efficiency, employees in the whole construction industry are not only in concept.
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Building energy conservation has been paid attention to, and some achievements have been made in specific work.
Therefore, building energy conservation has achieved certain results in theoretical research and practical operation. However, compared with developed countries in the world, there is still a considerable gap. About building energy efficiency, we still
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More work needs to be done.
At the same time, with the rapid development of China's society and urban construction, people begin to pay more attention to the noise problem, which is an important problem that affects our work and life.
The noise problem that has attracted much attention has become an important part of the sustainable development strategy. Judging from the overall situation of China at present, the architectural acoustic environment in China has not been available for a long time.
Daoying
Some attach importance to it. However, the work of building noise control is still in its infancy in the whole construction industry. Often after the appearance of building noise, noise control is only aimed at the prevention of building noise.
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Control, although there are certain theoretical research results and methods. But it is not popular in practice.
This paper tries to talk about some technical means to comprehensively consider building energy saving and building noise in the architectural design of hot summer and cold winter areas (taking Hunan as an example) in order to improve building energy saving and building noise.
The actual operation of noise control has positive practical significance and practical value.
2 Theoretically speaking, the principles and measures of building energy saving and building noise control.
In terms of energy saving, Hunan province belongs to the hot summer and cold winter area. No matter from the aspect of thermal insulation in winter or summer, building energy consumption is mainly composed of envelope structure.
Protect the heat transfer and air infiltration of structures (walls, roofs, floors, doors and windows). About the heat transfer of envelope, and the heat transfer coefficient of envelope (K[W/m2? K]) are closely related,
The solution to air infiltration is to enhance the sealing of buildings, mainly doors and windows, which should have good air tightness. In noise control, the building envelope is mainly considered.
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Sound insulation, in order to make the designed building meet the allowable noise standards, the envelope must have sufficient sound insulation performance to prevent external noise interference. At the same time, buildings are dense.
close
It also has obvious influence on the sound insulation of buildings, and the holes (such as gaps in doors and windows) in the enclosure structure such as walls will obviously reduce its sound insulation performance.
Therefore, energy saving and sound insulation can be achieved by using materials such as centrifugal glass wool. ) or a structure with a low heat transfer coefficient, which can improve the sound insulation of the building envelope.
The effect. On the other hand, although enhancing the air tightness of windows and reducing the area of holes and gaps in the envelope are different concepts, the requirement of building air tightness makes it in
structure
There are some similar measures in the world.
Other aspects related to architectural design, such as building greening, also have positive significance and function in energy saving and sound insulation. Building greening can improve local thermal climate; adjust
Save air humidity; Reduce urban noise pollution; Prevent dust intrusion and so on.
Therefore, it is feasible in theory and practical to take some technical measures that comprehensively consider building energy saving and building noise control in architectural design. This paper comprehensively considers
This method mainly starts with the materials and construction methods of the envelope structure, and thinks about the function of building greening. Let's discuss it in detail.
3. The energy-saving and sound-proof enclosure structure can be comprehensively considered.
The envelope structures that can comprehensively consider energy saving and sound insulation mainly include external walls, external doors and windows. Let's talk about how to balance energy saving and sound insulation in the structure and material selection of these envelope structures.
insulate against sound
3. 1 external wall. At present, the exterior walls of buildings in Hunan are mainly clay hollow bricks with a thickness of 240, and the exterior walls are made of expanded polystyrene board or polystyrene particle thermal insulation mortar with a thickness of about 20-60 layers.
The thermal insulation structure meets the energy-saving design requirements of the whole building. But the brick wall itself has high surface density and good sound insulation effect. The weighted sound insulation capacity of 240 thick brick wall plastering on both sides reaches 54.5dB, which is completely acceptable.
satisfy
Requirements for building sound insulation. However, there is a tendency to advocate the use of aerated concrete blocks to build external walls. Although the thermal conductivity of this material is low, about 0.2~0.3, it can greatly reduce the wall transmission.
Thermal system
Count. But its sound insulation performance is not as good as brick wall. The weighted sound insulation capacity of double-sided plastering of 200-thick aerated concrete wall is 44.5dB, which is related to its surface density (mass method). At this point, if only mining
use
The self-insulation of 200 or 240 thick aerated concrete block exterior wall may be difficult to meet the sound insulation requirements in some cases, and structural measures such as adding other materials or setting air layer must be taken to improve it.
Isolate sound
Quantity. This situation should be paid attention to in the design.
3.2 doors and windows
3.2. 1 external window
A. Window-to-wall ratio: The window-to-wall ratio in different directions has a great influence on energy consumption (generally, the heat transfer coefficient of the external window is much smaller than that of the external wall, which affects the comprehensive heat transfer of the external envelope.
)。 With the increase of area ratio of window to wall, the heat transfer coefficient of the outer window is required to be smaller, so as to achieve similar energy-saving effect. Heat transfer coefficient of external windows with different orientations and average area ratio of windows to walls.
See table
1。
Similarly, the ratio of window to wall has a great influence on the comprehensive sound insulation capacity of the envelope structure. The sound insulation of windows is not good. If the window area is not large, the sound insulation performance and window area will be large.
Windows with good sound insulation performance are similar (see Table 2).
It can be seen that reducing the ratio of window to wall in a proper range can make energy saving and sound insulation easier to meet the requirements.
B Window materials: In terms of energy saving, wood, plastic and heat insulation aluminum alloy are superior to steel and aluminum alloy in Hunan (see Table 3). But wood and plastic are not favored by modern architecture. They are broken.
Hot aluminum alloy has become the most widely used window frame material because of its high cost. At the same time, composite glass (such as hollow glass window) is used to improve the energy-saving effect of windows.
In terms of sound insulation, the Institute of Acoustics of Tongji University has tested the sound insulation performance of different window frame materials. From the measured results, it can be concluded that the positions of aluminum alloy window frames and plastic steel window frames are the same.
Below 1KHz, the sound insulation capacity of the two windows is basically the same, but the sound insulation performance of aluminum alloy window frame is better than that of plastic steel window at medium and high frequencies. As for glass, we know that it can be improved simply by increasing the thickness of glass.
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Volume. However, in practical application, laminated glass is often used instead, which can greatly reduce the weight of window sash. With the change of the number of laminated glass, the sound insulation performance
right
In the comparison, a very practical result can be obtained, that is, in the composite layer of glass+air layer+glass, the thickness of single glass should be controlled at 4~6mm, and the thickness of air layer is about 0.
10mm
About. By comparison, if similar insulating glass parameters are used in energy-saving design, two effects of energy saving and sound insulation can be achieved.
C. Double-deck windows: Double-deck windows are beneficial to energy saving and sound insulation. The spacing between double windows is limited by the thickness of the external wall of the building, and the available spacing is generally around 10cm. Experimental measurements show that
The weighted sound insulation of double-layer windows with an interval of 10cm is 33dB. After double-window sound absorption treatment, the sound insulation capacity reaches 36dB. The sound insulation effect is better, but the energy saving effect of double-layer ordinary glass window is better.
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Table 3, and in terms of cost, the project cost of double-deck windows is about 50% of that of composite glass windows.
3.2.2 Residential exterior doors and balcony doors
Multi-functional doors (with heat preservation, sound insulation and anti-theft functions) and plywood doors can be used in the energy-saving design of Hunan residential exterior doors and balcony doors. Sandwich doors are generally filled with glass.
Glass wool or mineral wool is used as insulation material, and it is also sound-absorbing material, which is widely used in energy-saving design, such as double-layer metal door panels filled with 15mm thick glass in the middle.
glass wool
Plate, consider increasing the filling thickness appropriately to improve the sound insulation effect. The sealing treatment of the door also has a great influence on the sound insulation of the door, and can also play a certain role in preventing air infiltration.
4 building greening
The significance and function of building greening in energy saving is well known, and reducing noise by greening is also a common noise control method.
4. 1 In terms of energy saving, greening can adjust the temperature, especially in summer, the shade formed by the branches and leaves of trees can block the solar radiation and the reflected heat of the ground, walls and adjacent objects.
According to the test, the average temperature of woodland and lawn in summer is about 2.5~3℃ lower than that of general sites. The room temperature of the room with greening outside the western wall is lower than that of the room without greening.
About 3
In 1 1~ 16, the heating rate of green rooms is obviously better than that of non-green rooms. Different ways of building greening layout can play a certain role in energy saving. For example:
Facing the street
Greening, greening between buildings, greening beside buildings, greening inside buildings, etc.
4.2 In terms of noise reduction, large lawns between noise sources and buildings or dense green belts with sufficient width composed of tall evergreen trees and shrubs are adopted to reduce noise interference.
One of the measures. It is worth noting that noise attenuation should be considered in combination with plant configuration, tree species and noise when greening is used to prevent and reduce noise interference to buildings.
frequency
Change with the change of scope. Generally speaking, the sound insulation ability of greening is better than that of high frequency noise; The sound insulation ability of mixed planting forest belt is better than that of pure planting forest belt; And the sound absorption ability of plants themselves.
Generally, leaves with rough leaves, large area and dense crown are stronger. In the layout of building greening, street greening plays a greater role in reducing noise. An irrigation canal with the width of 1.8~2.4m is set at the roadside.
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There is a big tree green belt with a width of +6m, and the sound insulation can reach 8~ 10 dB.
The plants in Hunan basically belong to evergreen plants, and Cinnamomum camphora is the most common. Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen tree species. Generally speaking, it can form dense crown and shade for building greening.
The combined arrangement of Cinnamomum camphora and shrub green belt is common, and it can produce energy-saving and noise-reducing effects if it is properly designed.
References:
[1] Liu Xiaotu. Architectural physics. China Building Industry Press, 2000.
[2] Xiang Duanqi. Practical architectural acoustics. China Building Industry Press, 1992.
[3] Fang Zhiyong. Building energy-saving technology. China Building Materials Industry Press, 1998.
[4] Institute of Architectural Physics, China Academy of Building Science. Handbook of architectural acoustics design. China Building Industry Press, 1987.
Liu Mingming. Sound insulation function of external window and sound insulation performance of plastic window. Chemical building materials. 2000.438+06 (2).PP.45438+08 ~ 20。