Seventh grade historical works

1. The seventh grade historical story is still a little ~ ~

Encircling Wei to save Zhao-Encircling Wei to save Zhao

In 354 BC, the powerful state of Wei attacked Zhao, and Pang Juan, the general of Wei, commanded the army to surround the capital of Zhao. The next year, Zhao asked Qi for help. Qi appointed Tian Ji as the general and Sun Bin as the strategist, and led 80,000 troops to come to the rescue.

Tian Ji had intended to directly lead the army to attack Wei Jun of Zhao. Sun Bin thought that the elite soldiers of Wei were attacking Zhao, and the country was empty. He advocated adopting flexible tactics, avoiding reality and avoiding emptiness, and marching straight into the girder of Wei's capital (now Kaifeng, Henan). As a result, Enemy at the Gates was under great pressure. Tian Ji adopted Sun Bin's strategy and led an army to attack Wei.

Pang Juan was very worried when he learned the news. He lost his food and came home from Zhao on a starry night. Sun Bin laid an ambush in Gualing (now northwest of Henan placanticline), the only place where Wei Jun returned home. When Pang misused Wei Jun who had led a long journey and was exhausted, the Qi army suddenly attacked and defeated Wei Jun. This battle was also called "The Battle of Guiling". In the history of war, this tactic is called "encircling Wei to save Zhao". From then on, Sun Bin became famous all over the world, and the world scrambled to tell his art of war.

Battle of Chengpu

In April 632 BC, the Jin and Chu armies fought for the hegemony of the Central Plains in Chengpu (now southwest of Juancheng, Shandong). The Chu army is in an advantage and the Jin army is at a disadvantage. Xu Chen, the deputy commander of the Jin army, was ordered to face the right-wing army of the Chu Coalition, that is, Chen and Cai's troops. Chen and Cai's army have many war horses. They are fierce. In order to defeat the enemy and create a powerful illusion, Xu Chen used tiger skin to scare the enemy with the plan of flowering on the tree. During the attack, the Jin army rode Ma Chong in tiger skin to the enemy line. The horses and foot soldiers of the Second Army of Chen and Cai thought it was a real tiger, and they were scared to retreat. Xu Chen pursued the victory and defeated Chen and Cai's army.

apprehend danger in every sound

Civil strife occurred in the late Western Jin Dynasty. Because of the long-term turmoil, the Western Jin Dynasty was unfortunately destroyed. Si Marui, the king of Langya, established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jiankang.

The rulers crossed the river to the south, and the Hu people occupied the north. However, the north was later occupied by the former Qin Dynasty, which was in opposition to the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River. At that time, the leader of the former Qin Dynasty was Fu Jian, who made Wang Meng his prime minister, bent on making the country very powerful. In order to fulfill the wish of reunifying China, Fu Jian led 800,000 troops to the south. The ministers of the Jin Dynasty were very scared when they heard the news. Only the Prime Minister Xie An was very calm and unhurriedly arranged the war. In the land at the foot of water, Xie An quickly sent troops to cross the river to sneak attack before Qin Jun was ready. The former Qin suffered heavy losses, and the soldiers fled everywhere. When they heard the wind or the sound of cranes, they all thought that Jin Jun was coming and were very scared. In this battle, the former Qin soldiers suffered heavy casualties, which determined the long-term confrontation between the north and the south in the future.

2. Grade 7 History Essays (III) Excellent Imperial Examination System Lin China's ancient imperial examination system is conducive to the selection of talents. The principle of equal opportunity, fair competition and merit-based employment has reached the realm of "learning officials", which is conducive to the political clarity, economic prosperity and scientific and technological development in ancient China, and is also respected by westerners, which has had a positive impact on the establishment of the civil service system in Europe.

Voltaire, a French enlightenment thinker, said: "In China, only those who pass strict examinations can be appointed to official posts.' China is governed by inferior people', with clear politics and prosperous economy." The imperial examination system came into being in Sui Dynasty, developed in Tang Dynasty and perfected in Song Dynasty.

The implementation of the imperial examination system dealt a blow to decadent gentry, conformed to the trend of economic development of civilian landlords and met the need of consolidating national unity. The imperial examination system closely linked reading, examination and being an official, which improved the cultural quality of officials and greatly strengthened centralization.

Conducive to political stability, political clarity and honesty. At the same time, it also promoted the development of education, made the education system in the Tang Dynasty complete and reached the advanced level in the world, and also promoted the scientific and technological innovation in the Song Dynasty, making the science and technology in the Song Dynasty ahead of the world.

The imperial examination system made an indelible contribution to the high prosperity and development of China feudal society. After the opening of the new air route, western missionaries who came to China devoted themselves to studying China's laws and regulations system, and constantly transmitted the information from the East to Europe.

/kloc-Cruz, a missionary who came to China in the middle of the 0/6th century, introduced the Chinese imperial examination system to Europe in his travels. When Europeans learned about the Chinese imperial examination system, they all praised it with one voice.

/kloc-In the 6th century, Mendoza thought that China was the best governed country in the world. He attributed the reason to China's competitive imperial examination system, saying that China opened all official positions through competition, thus making use of the intelligence of all China people. Newman, a professor at Oxford University, said: China's administrative system is an unparalleled excellent system in the East so far.

They think that the imperial examination system is an excellent system and worth emulating. The French first went to school in China, 179 1 took the civil service examination, and Germany 1800 took the civil service examination.

1833, Britain confirmed the principle of merit-based examination, but it was not until 1847 that the earliest competitive examination was held for the appointment of staff of British overseas institutions. 1855, the first civil service commission was established in Britain to preside over the competitive examination for ordinary civil servants.

1855, Britain issued a decree to normalize the civil service competitive examination, and the British civil service examination system was finally established. British civil service examination is open to the public and held regularly, which emphasizes that candidates must have good conduct and determine the probation period, which is very similar to the form of Chinese imperial examination system.

The Encyclopedia Britannica also has a fair conclusion on the relationship between the British civil service system and the Chinese imperial examination system: "Historically, the earliest examination system appeared in China, using examinations to select administrative officials and regularly assess officials who have entered the official career." The British civil service system absorbed the essence of Chinese imperial examination system and influenced other European countries.

It can be seen that China's imperial examination system plays a positive role in China and even the world. China's imperial examination system is an outstanding system! The greatest achievement of the imperial examination system is that it provides a channel for grassroots civilians to get ahead and makes great contributions to maintaining feudal rule.

The rest is over. On the other hand, in today's society, where do ordinary people go to become officials? There are no rules of the game. Laozi's son is an official and his son is a farmer. It is not as good as the imperial examination system! Please note that our students who are officials are still the product of the college entrance examination system 20 years ago. At that time, they were still remnants of the imperial examination system. "Learning to be excellent is an official"! .

3. Grade 7, Book 2 of People's Education Edition, Ten Short Historical Stories, 1. The change of Xuanwu Gate was completed by Li and Yuan Ji, and Yuan Ji entered the palace.

At that time, Li Shimin led Sun Chang Wuji and Wei Chijingde to ambush in Xuanwu Gate. Li and Li Yuanji went to Hulin Hall when they entered the DPRK. When they found something unusual, they immediately returned to their horses.

Jumping out, he let out a cry and shot Li with an arrow. Wei Chijingde rode after him and shot Li Yuanji from the left and right.

Li Shimin went into the jungle and tripped over a branch. When Li Yuanji arrived suddenly, he grabbed the bow and strangled Li Shimin. Wei Chijingde shouted, Pegasus has arrived. Li Yuanji escaped and was shot dead by Jingde.

East Palace and two thousand elite soldiers who prayed for blessings attacked Xuanwu Gate, but they were not allowed to enter the fierce battle and threatened to attack Fu Qin. In a critical situation, Li and Li Yuanji were held hostage, and the palace soldiers fled.

Chi Wei Jingde entered the palace with a spear in armor and asked Tang gaozu urgently. After Tang Gaozu's hand was read, the fighting stopped.

Tang Gaozu later made Li Shimin the Crown Prince. Two months later, Tang Gaozu proclaimed Tang Gaozu as the prince, Li Shimin as the emperor and Taizong as Taizong.

2. Wei Zhi's advice On one occasion, Wei Zhi scolded Emperor Taizong in front of all the ministers. Emperor Taizong was furious and immediately announced that he would leave the DPRK. Then, Emperor Taizong angrily returned to his bedroom. Scold: "Be sure to kill this hillbilly!" Empress Grandson said: "Zheng Wei dares to speak frankly because the emperor is open-minded! Emperor Taizong turned anger into joy and treated Wei Zhi as before.

Later, when Wei Zhi died, Emperor Taizong said sadly, "With copper as a mirror, you can dress your clothes, and with history as a mirror, you can know the rise and fall. Take people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses.

Wei Zhi died, and I lost a mirror. "3. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty acceded to the throne to give lectures in Xinfeng for Emperor Xuanzong of Yao Chong.

The governors of the surrounding counties will go to the emperor's camp to appear before them. When Yao Chong went to appear before Xuanzong, Xuanzong was hunting.

Xuanzong said, "You should be my prime minister." Yao Chong knew that Xuanzong was broad-minded and determined to cure diseases. He deliberately challenged him and did not immediately salute Shane.

Xuanzong is very strange Yao Chong said, "I have ten points to make. Your majesty, think about it. If I can't do it, then I can't be the prime minister. "

Xuanzong asked him to speak out and have a look. The ten points mentioned by Yao Chong generally include: implementing benevolent policies, not asking for sideline work, not building luxury palaces, and so on.

The next day, Yao Chong was officially appointed as Prime Minister. 4. Song Taizu's "A glass of wine to solve soldiers" After Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin proclaimed himself emperor, the country was unstable and depressed all day long, which became his heart disease.

On one occasion, when Song Taizu was in his last generation, he invited Shi Shouxin and other veterans with military power to drink. When drinking the wine to the fullest, Song Taizu said, "If it weren't for your great help, we would never be here today.

However, when I was the son of heaven, I always felt that I was far less happy than our time and never slept well! "Shi Shouxin quickly asked why. Song Taizu said, "Who doesn't want to get rich? Once someone puts a yellow robe on you, how can you get out, even if you don't want to do it! " Shi Shouxin and others apologized and said, "We are so stupid. I hope your majesty will have mercy on us and show us the way. "

Song Taizu said, "It is better to accumulate more gold and silver and buy more land for future generations. Raise more songs and dances to spend your life. "

The next day, Shi Shouxin and others all asked for relieving the relieving on the grounds of illness, and Song Taizu answered them one by one. Let them go home as scattered officials and give them a particularly generous reward.

5. Half of the Analects of Confucius ruled the world, and Zhao Pu helped Zhao seize the world and became the prime minister of the two dynasties. Song Taizong was told that Zhao Pu was unlearned and read the Confucian classic The Analects, which was not suitable for being a prime minister.

Song Taizong said disapprovingly, "I always knew that Zhao Pu didn't read much. But I don't believe that he only reads The Analects. "

When Song Taizong was chatting with Zhao Pu, Song Taizong casually asked, "Some people say that you only read The Analects. Is this true? " Zhao Pu honestly replied: "What I know is really not beyond this part of The Analects. I used to use half the Analects of Confucius to help Taizu pacify the world. Today, I will use half of the Analects to help your majesty, and the world will be peaceful. "

6. Sima Guang and the police pillow Sima Guang is a naughty and sleepy child, so he has been punished by his husband and laughed at by his peers. Under his inculcation, he is determined to get rid of the bad habit of sleepiness. In order to get up early, he drank a full stomach of water before going to bed, but he didn't wake up in the morning, but peed in bed. So smart Sima Guang made a police pillow out of garden wood and turned over in the morning. 7. The story of the Ming Dynasty spy Two old Confucian scholars, rich and old, could not bear the pain of the previous dynasty. When they retired from the DPRK, they wrote a poem saying, "Four drums of winter clothes, it's too late to see you at noon.

When will there be idyllic music until people are cooked? At the second court session, Zhu Yuanzhang said to him, "You wrote a good poem yesterday, and I didn't' dislike' you. Why not use the word' worry'? " Qian Zai was shocked. He recited poems in the study. Can't someone eavesdrop outside the window? It can be seen that the emperor is not at ease with himself.

He hurriedly kowtowed and apologized, and Zhu Yuanzhang let him go. Wu Lin, the official minister, has retired to Huanggang, Hubei, but Zhu Yuanzhang is still not at ease with him. He was afraid that he would use his prestige to engage in conspiracy, so he sent a security agent to scout.

That guy went to his hometown in Wulin, instead of going directly to Wuzhai, he wandered around to see if he could get some rumors about the plot of Wulin. When he passed the rice field, he saw an old man like a farmer sitting on the edge of the field to have a rest. He went up to him and asked him, "You know there is a Wu Shangshu here, right?"

Unexpectedly, the old man replied, "I am." Seeing that he was old in appearance and no different from the farmer's costume, the spy felt that there seemed no need to continue reconnaissance, so he returned to Beijing and truthfully reported his experiences to Zhu Yuanzhang, who was relieved.

9. Zheng Chenggong's army arrived at the coast of Taiwan Province Province. The fleet avoided the coast of Chiqiancheng and made a detour to land at Luermen.

Immediately after landing, they surrounded the military fortress Chiembedded city and launched a fierce battle with the Dutch colonial army. The invading army was defeated and recovered the occupied city. When the Dutch governor saw that the situation was not good, he played the tactic of delaying troops and expressed his willingness to pay tribute every year.

Zheng Chenggong told the ambassador bluntly that unless you surrender and return Taiwan Province Province to China, you have no choice. Zheng Chenggong ordered an immediate attack on the Taiwan Province provincial capital occupied by Bayi.

After nine months of siege.

4. There are ten short stories in the history of the Seventh Grade People's Education Edition (1). The change of Xuanwu Gate was completed by Li and Yuan Ji, and Yuan Ji entered the palace.