1. In the historical field, the old materialism thought that spiritual motivation was the ultimate reason, instead of studying what was hidden behind these motives and what was their motivation. Old materialism did not trace back to its motives from these motives.

2. Philosophy of history, especially the philosophy of history represented by Hegel, holds that the superficial motives and real motives of historical figures are by no means the ultimate cause of historical events, and there are other motives behind these motives that are worth exploring; But it does not look for this power in history itself, but inputs it into history from the outside and from philosophical ideology.

3. The old materialism ignored people's subjective initiative in the historical process. It overemphasizes the objectivity of historical events and figures in the historical process, while ignoring the influence of human subjective initiative on history. In the historical process, people's thoughts, beliefs and values will have an impact on historical events, and these factors were ignored by the old materialism.

4. Secondly, the old materialism had a one-sided understanding of history. Often only pay attention to a certain historical period or a specific event, while ignoring the continuity and integrity of history. The evolution of history is a continuous process, and each historical period is the continuation of the previous historical period, and it is also the foreshadowing of the later historical period.

5. The old materialism's one-sided understanding of history led to its neglect of the integrity and continuity of history. Finally, the old materialism lacks practicality and operability in the historical field. It only stays at the theoretical level and does not go deep into the actual historical practice to explore the truth of history.

The relevant knowledge of materialism is as follows:

1, principle: matter is primitive, consciousness is derived, matter determines consciousness, and consciousness has a dynamic effect on matter. Methodology: persist in proceeding from reality and seeking truth from facts, make the subjective conform to the objective, and realize the unity of subjective and objective concrete history; Attach importance to the role of consciousness, establish correct consciousness and overcome wrong consciousness.

2. Synonym: materialism. Antonym: idealism. One of the two schools of philosophy holds that the world is essentially immaterial, which exists in and depends on people's consciousness. Thinking is primary, being is secondary. The existence of the world is determined by thinking, that is, consciousness determines matter.