He Wanrong, Self-study Department of Guiding Normal School, Qiannan Normal University, 55 1300
Abstract: Guizhou is a province with rich tourism resources, rich in natural tourism resources and humanistic tourism resources, and has encountered some restrictive factors in the development of Guizhou's tourism industry. In view of these factors, this paper puts forward six basic countermeasures for the sustainable development of Guizhou tourism to ensure the sustainable and stable development of Guizhou tourism.
Modern tourism in Guizhou began at 1979- 1980. After more than 20 years of development, Guizhou's tourism industry has developed rapidly, injecting new vitality into Guizhou's economic development. Guizhou has become one of the important tourist provinces in China. However, Guizhou's tourism revenue is not commensurate with its status as a province with large tourism resources. Guizhou's tourism industry must achieve leap-forward development on the existing basis, adhere to the concept of sustainable development, base itself on the present and focus on the future, and take various effective measures to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of Guizhou's tourism industry.
Present Situation Analysis and Prospect Forecast of Guizhou Tourism Resources Development
From 65438 to 0980, the tourism department of Guizhou Province received a summer tour group of Hong Kong teachers and students, which became the symbol of the beginning of modern tourism in Guizhou. 198 1 Established Guiyang Branch of China International Travel Service, 1982 Established Guizhou Provincial Tourism Bureau. 1988, Guizhou Provincial Tourism Bureau and Guizhou Foreign Affairs Office were officially separated, and Guizhou tourism became its own system.
At present, there are four-star hotels 1, two three-star hotels, 25 two-star hotels and nine one-star hotels in Guizhou, and * * * provides more than 3,300 rooms, which greatly improves the tourist reception capacity. In terms of tourism service reception, there are 70 reception agencies, including international travel agencies 12 and domestic travel agencies 58. They have multilingual translators and tour guides, a considerable tourist reception fleet and strong tourist reception capacity. 1980, Guizhou only receives international tourists1694; 1990 rose to 24 1 12 person-times; 1995 is 136459 person-times.
The traffic conditions in Guizhou have developed rapidly in recent years. Longdongbao International Airport 1 airport, Tongren Airport, Liping Airport, xingyi airport Airport, Anshun Airport and other four regional airports. Planning and construction of Libo Airport, Huangping Airport, Maotai Airport and Liupanshui Airport. In terms of highway construction, expressways or high-grade highways such as Xinguihuang Highway, Guizun Highway, Guixin Highway, Kaima Highway, Dingxing Highway, Huangshui Highway and Guibi Highway have been built, and the expressway from Zhenning to Guan Sheng is under construction. In terms of railway transportation, following Guiyang-Kunming Railway, Guizhou-Guangxi Railway, Guizhou-Chongqing Railway and Hunan-Guizhou Railway, Zhu (Zhou)-Liu (Panshui) double-track railway and Nan-Kun Railway were successively opened. At present, the transportation in Guizhou has formed a three-dimensional transportation network with various modes of transportation complementing each other, which provides very convenient transportation conditions for the development of tourism.
Guizhou has many tourist attractions, high quality and wide area. 8 national scenic spots (Huangguoshu Waterfall, Dragon Palace, Zhijindong, Hongfeng Lake, Wuyang River, Malinghe Canyon, Zhangjiang Scenic Area, Chishui Sidonggou and Shizhangdong Waterfall); 4 national nature reserves (Fanjingshan, Libo cascade forest, Chishui Alsophila Nature Reserve, Caohai Nature Reserve); 2 national historical and cultural cities (Zunyi and Zhenyuan); 24 provincial-level scenic spots; 1 1 natural ethnic village.
In just over 20 years, Guizhou's tourism industry has developed rapidly and achieved good economic and social benefits. With the continuous development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, more and more people join the ranks of tourists. With the strategic deployment of the western development, the continuous improvement of the tourism environment and investment environment in Guizhou, and the continuous improvement of the cultural quality of the population in tourist destinations, it can be predicted that the great development period of Guizhou's tourism industry will come soon and Guizhou's tourism industry will enter a new historical period.
Analysis on the restrictive factors of tourism development in Guizhou
With the deepening of the western development strategy, Guizhou's tourism industry will usher in spring. At present, the great development of tourism in Guizhou will face some severe tests:
The tourism infrastructure in Guizhou is poor. In recent years, although the basic tourism service facilities in Guizhou have developed by leaps and bounds, the development of various infrastructures is unbalanced, which can not meet the rapid growth demand of tourists entering Guizhou, which in turn will restrict the great development of Guizhou tourism;
Guizhou's tourism accessibility is poor. Since the completion of Huang Gui Highway, the first high-grade highway in our province in the late 1980s, the transportation conditions in our province have changed with each passing day. A number of expressways have been completed and opened to traffic, and railway double tracks and regional airports have been put into use one after another, laying a solid foundation for the development of tourism in our province. However, judging from the traffic routes that have been built and used, there are few direct tourist attractions. In other words, the road traffic from downtown to tourist attractions is still very poor, and the accessibility of scenic spots is very poor.
Tourism planning management system is not smooth. Because the development of tourism is a multi-sectoral and unemployment-prone undertaking. In the process of planning management, there are many competent departments, unclear division of powers and responsibilities, overlapping functions and serious multi-head management. When problems arise, the phenomenon of wrangling with each other is quite serious, which damages the tourism image and restricts the rapid development of tourism.
The quality of tourism professionals is not high. With the development of tourism, people's tourism purpose and motivation are constantly changing, from simple sightseeing to increasing knowledge, leisure and entertainment, exploration, investigation and research. And tourists have also developed from domestic guests to domestic and international development, so the comprehensive quality of tourism professionals is required to be higher.
Tourism products are not competitive. Guizhou is a province rich in tourism resources, many of which have development value. However, the resource advantage of Guizhou's tourism resources is not equal to product advantage or market advantage. The lack of efforts in creation, packaging, publicity and marketing of Guizhou's tourism products leads to the weak competitiveness of Guizhou's tourism and the unknown boudoir, and ultimately it is impossible to realize the transformation from resources to economy.
Countermeasures for the Sustainable Development of Tourism in Guizhou
First, straighten out the tourism management system. In the management system of tourism, the "three powers" should be separated, so that the ownership, management and management of scenic spots belong to different functional departments and give full play to the role of government-led industry authorities. To some extent, government-led and industry-responsible is one of the important laws and regulations to ensure the smooth development of tourism. The so-called government-led means that in the process of tourism development, government departments should correctly position the tourism industry and give it loose industrial policies and more investment. Do a good job in macro-control of tourism development and put the power of tourism management in the tourism management department to the maximum extent. Tourism management departments should formulate specific plans for tourism development; Coordinate the relations within the tourism industry; Strengthen the supervision and management of tourism products to ensure the quality of tourism.
Second, strengthen the construction of ecological environment and enhance the attraction of tourist destinations. Guizhou has more market competitiveness, because tourism resources are natural tourism resources, and the attraction of natural tourism resources comes from the beautiful ecological environment. Especially with the rapid development of eco-tourism, the requirements for the ecological environment are higher. Guizhou is a region where karst landforms are widely distributed, with relatively fragile ecological environment and small tourism environment capacity. In the process of large-scale tourism development, if we don't pay attention to the construction and management of ecological environment, with the continuous development of tourism, the number of tourists will continue to increase, which will lead to the rapid degradation of ecological environment quality and eventually limit the development of tourism. Therefore, in order to ensure the sustained and stable development of Guizhou's tourism industry, we must strive to do a good job in ecological environment construction projects, play the "ecological" card in tourism development, and make a big fuss about the ecological environment.
Third, improve the comprehensive quality of residents in tourist destinations and create a harmonious tourist humanistic environment. At present, tourist destinations are always in places with beautiful natural environment. These places are generally poor and backward, and the quality of local residents is generally low. With the development of modern tourism, the purpose, motivation and hobbies of tourists are changing. Tourists want to know more about the culture and life of tourist destinations, especially the development of international tourism, and the communication between tourists and residents of tourist destinations will be more extensive. Therefore, it is objectively required that the residents of tourist destinations have a high comprehensive cultural quality to adapt to the development trend of modern tourism, especially international tourism. Tourism authorities should train the residents of tourist destinations in a planned and step-by-step manner, which is also an effective measure to improve the competitiveness of tourist destinations.
Every Thursday, strictly control the quality of tour guides and improve their comprehensive quality. There are a number of influential tourism resources in Guizhou, such as Huangguoshu Waterfall, Anshun Dragon Palace and Zhijin Cave, which have certain market competitiveness in developing inbound tourism. However, for a long time, due to various reasons, the overall quality of tour guides in Guizhou and even the whole country is low, and they don't know much about the relevant scientific knowledge background of tourist attractions. Explanations are often limited to superficial things, such as myths and legends, folk stories, and the appearance and image of scenic spots. Little is known about the inherent scientific knowledge of some scenic spots, which can not meet the knowledge needs of tourists. We should pay attention to the comprehensive quality of tour guides in the future. We should vigorously train multilingual tour guides to meet the needs of the rapid development of international tourism.
Fifth, strengthen the overall packaging propaganda of Guizhou tourism resources and enhance the tourism image of Guizhou. Guizhou is a province rich in tourism resources, including natural tourism resources and humanistic tourism resources. However, for a long time, the number of tourists in Guizhou has lagged far behind that in neighboring provinces such as Yunnan, Guangxi and Hunan. Many domestic and foreign tourists often go straight to Yunnan through Guizhou and rarely stay in Guizhou. One of the important factors is that the packaging propaganda of Guizhou tourism has not been enough for a long time, which leads to a poor tourism image in Guizhou and people don't know much about Guizhou. In order to ensure the steady development of tourism in Guizhou in the future, the government must increase investment in tourism and carry out all-round and multi-level packaging publicity for Guizhou tourism. Let domestic and foreign tourists know the advantages and characteristics of Guizhou's tourism resources, know Guizhou, yearn for Guizhou, enter Guizhou and miss Guizhou.
Sixth, continue to develop Guizhou's transportation industry and improve the accessibility of tourist attractions. Good traffic conditions are the prerequisite for the great development of tourism. In recent years, the tourist traffic conditions in Guizhou have indeed undergone earth-shaking changes, and the traffic time from Guiyang, the provincial capital, to various tourist attractions has been greatly shortened. However, at present, all kinds of traffic conditions are mainly from Guiyang to tourist cities, and the quality of roads connecting tourist cities and scenic spots can't keep up with the development of the situation, which is very unfavorable for attracting repeat customers. Therefore, the development of tourism traffic is also an important aspect of future tourism development.
Tourism is a comprehensive industry. In the process of tourism development, it needs the close cooperation and mutual cooperation of relevant departments in Guizhou to form a strong joint force, so as to push Guizhou's tourism industry to a new peak, turn its resource advantage into a realistic economic advantage and become a real tourism province in the western region.
References:
Tourism Geography, edited by Bao Jigang and Chu, Higher Education Press.
Guizhou Tourism Geography, edited by Yang Long, Guizhou Science and Technology Press.
Comprehensive Theory of Tourism Management, edited by Zhang Guanghai and Fang, Economic Management Press.
Tourism in Guizhou, edited by Liao Shanyou, Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House.
Study on Tourism and Sustainable Development Countermeasures in Guizhou Province
He Wanrong, Self-study Department of Guiding Normal School, Qiannan Normal University, 55 1300
Abstract: Guizhou is rich in tourism resources and has superior conditions for developing tourism. However, there are some restrictive factors in the development of Guizhou tourism, which restrict the sustained and stable development of Guizhou tourism. Through the analysis of these factors, this paper puts forward six aspects: management system, ecological environment construction, quality of residents in tourist destinations, quality of tour guides, packaging and publicity, and tourism transportation, so as to ensure the sustained, stable and rapid development of Guizhou tourism.
Keywords: Guizhou tourism constraints, sustainable development of tourism image
Countermeasures to accelerate the development of tourism in Guizhou
Wang Liquan, provincial government research office.
Guizhou is rich in tourism resources with distinctive characteristics, which provides sufficient resources for cultivating Guizhou tourism into a new pillar industry. Since the reform and opening up, Guizhou's tourism industry has been developing continuously, especially since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the provincial party committee and government have made a strategic decision to cultivate tourism into a pillar industry and a new growth point of the national economy, which has greatly promoted the development of Guizhou's tourism industry. Especially in recent years, the supply and demand conditions of Guizhou's tourism industry have been basically met, gradually forming an all-round development trend and entering a new stage of accelerated development. As a strategic industry, its huge development potential and leading role have also begun to appear. However, on the whole, Guizhou's tourism industry is still in the early stage of development with high input and low output, and the process of transforming tourism resource advantages into economic advantages is not fast; The bottleneck of transportation infrastructure and reception conditions is more prominent; The development trend of big tourism and big industry is still affected by departmental constraints and fragmentation, and the overall development force is not strong; Lack of boutique brands, weak image competitiveness, low overall quality of the industry, tourism is facing the pressure of comprehensive promotion.
Under the new situation of rare opportunities and fierce competition, it is necessary to speed up the overall deployment of Guizhou's tourism industry as a new pillar industry around the provincial party Committee and government, and promote the accelerated development of Guizhou's tourism industry by promoting marketization, industrialization, informationization and socialization in accordance with the idea of big tourism, big market, big industry and big development.
First, improve the marketization of tourism, follow the laws of market economy and the development of advantageous industries, give full play to the basic role of market mechanism in allocating tourism resources, and continuously enhance the vitality of tourism development.
The development of tourism can not be separated from the organizational guidance and effective regulation of the government, and some people regard tourism as a government-led industry accordingly. The government does play a leading role in many aspects of tourism development, including formulating tourism development plans and related industrial policies; Combine the development and effective protection of tourism resources to achieve the balance between industrial development and ecological environment protection; Organize scientific argumentation, strictly examine and approve, supervise and manage the development of tourism projects; Rational distribution of tourism productivity; Guide investment in tourism infrastructure; Integrate all forces to support and participate in the development of tourism; Coordinate and solve major problems in the development of tourism, and ensure the rapid, coordinated and healthy development of tourism. However, in addition to the monopoly of tourism resources management, other businesses of tourism have strong market competitiveness, so tourism should also comply with market requirements, respect the principle of market supply and demand, give play to the role of market mechanism, and take the road of market development.
Therefore, we should adhere to the government-led, market-oriented and enterprise-oriented tourism development model in accordance with modern concepts. First, the development of tourism resources should be market-oriented, that is, based on tourism demand, under the guidance of tourism development planning, determine the development direction, scale and characteristics, create development highlights, and give full play to the basic role of market mechanism in the allocation of tourism resources. Second, in accordance with the laws of market economy, establish and improve the operating mechanism and management system of tourism, accelerate the transformation of tourism enterprises into modern enterprise systems, give full play to the role of enterprises as market players, improve the government's management system and methods for tourism, reduce administrative intervention, and enhance the vitality and internal motivation of industrial development. The third is to solve a series of problems in the development of tourism through market-oriented means. While implementing investment guidance, the government has innovated ideas and raised development funds through various ways such as franchise transfer, asset reorganization and shareholding system reform, forming a diversified investment development pattern; Promote the industrial agglomeration of restaurants, hotels and businesses through market-oriented means. Fourth, according to the requirements of "big market", actively explore international and domestic markets.
In the situation of intensified market competition, tourism should be freed from the arms of government departments, put in the environment of market competition, bear more market competition, give more play to the regulatory role of the market, open up large markets and achieve great development.
The second is to improve the level of tourism industrialization, integrate resources and industries according to the requirements of large industries, extend the industrial chain, turn tourism into industrial tourism, and accelerate the construction of a characteristic tourism economic system.
Tourism is not only comprehensive and highly correlated, but also a highly dependent and export-oriented industry. Therefore, the tourism economy has special operating rules. This is the basic starting point for studying and formulating tourism development strategies and corresponding policies.
On the whole, Guizhou's tourism industry is small in scale, irrational in industrial structure, too dependent on resources and scenic spots for development, outstanding in extensive management, short in industrial chain, and low in correlation. Only a loose combination and simple quantitative relationship have been formed among the parts that make up the tourism industry, and the degree of industrial organization is not high. There is no effective means of resource integration, plus the constraints of institutional mechanisms, and a tourism economic system that is compatible with resource endowments and existing conditions has not yet been established. If this situation is not changed as soon as possible, it will affect the development of the whole tourism industry.
To speed up the cultivation of tourism into a new pillar industry in our province, an important task at present is to vigorously improve the industrialization level of tourism. According to the idea of big industry, follow the law of industrial economic development, effectively integrate industrial resources, bring other related industries into tourism, realize benign interaction, build a framework of characteristic tourism industry, accelerate the construction of a complete tourism industry chain and accelerate the process of tourism industrialization.
To this end, we must further strengthen the construction of industrial infrastructure. While speeding up the construction of roads, railways and airports, we should improve the transportation organization, increase domestic routes and flights, and open more international flights. At the same time, speed up the construction of reception facilities such as hotel industry to meet the needs of the development of big tourism. Second, organically integrate the six elements of "food, shelter, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment", overcome the tendency of emphasizing "travel" and ignoring other elements in the past, integrate scattered elements, combine the development of handicrafts, tourist souvenirs and special foods with tourism, especially the development of resources, cultural industries and tourism, extend the industrial chain, and form a large industrial structure relying on central cities and tourist distribution centers. Third, pay attention to characteristics, grasp comparative advantages, carry out in-depth development of scenic spots, especially cultural development, improve the cultural connotation of tourism products, strive to create competitive tourism products, shape brands and improve industrial quality. The fourth is to strengthen the cultivation of leading industries within the tourism economy. Practice has proved that travel agencies play a leading role in the development of tourism. We should change the past practice of relying too much on scenic resources to develop tourism as soon as possible, adapt to the new characteristics of modern tourism development, give play to the main role of enterprises, and cultivate travel agencies into the leading industry of tourism economy. At present, there are more than 120 travel agencies in the province, but they are generally small in scale and weak in market competitiveness, so it is difficult to play a leading role in the development of tourism. It is necessary to adapt to the new changes in the transformation of tourists from natural flow to competitive flow. According to the needs of accelerating the development of tourism, we should choose some travel agencies with good comprehensive conditions to give key support, become bigger and stronger, become a leading industry, rationally organize tourism productivity, and promote the development of other related industries. At the same time, we will speed up the cultivation of tourism enterprise groups through resource reorganization. The fifth is to speed up the construction of talent team and provide talent and intellectual support for the accelerated development of tourism. Talent is the first resource and the key factor to accelerate the development of tourism. The lack of professional talents and the low overall quality of the talent team are one of the bottlenecks that have long restricted the development of tourism in Guizhou. We should attach great importance to the development of tourism talent resources, support schools to run related majors well, urge relevant departments and enterprises to strengthen personnel training, improve the quality of employees, actively introduce talents and give full play to their roles.
Third, speed up the informatization of tourism industry, establish a new model of tourism information service network, innovate the way of tourism information exchange, and vigorously improve the informatization level of tourism.
Human society has entered the information age. With the development of information technology and its wide application in social and economic life, information technology has become an effective means to strengthen enterprise management, reduce enterprise costs and rapidly improve industrial quality and market competitiveness. Promoting the informatization of tourism plays a particularly important role in accelerating the development of tourism and improving the industrial level. The tourism market is vast, involving a wide range, with different levels and groups of tourists. In particular, it is necessary to realize network service through information technology and provide tourists with all kinds of tourism information in time.
In this regard, many places at home and abroad have accumulated successful practices. In some places, tourism information service has been specific to the roads, scenic spots, available houses and their prices in rural tourist attractions. You can consult them on their websites and attach pictures to facilitate tourists to choose according to their own needs. Many places in China have also accelerated the pace of tourism informatization.
In order to realize the leap-forward development of tourism in Guizhou, we must rely on information technology. First, speed up the construction of a unified tourism information technology platform in the province, build a tourism information database, speed up information release and exchange, and vigorously promote network services. You can choose to build a tourism information service platform in Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun and other big cities, use the Internet and multimedia technology to build a tourism information service network, increase the columns of existing websites, enrich the content and improve the production level, so as to provide tourists with all-round information services such as scenic spots, transportation, hotel catering, various tourism service prices and tourism commodity purchase. The second is to speed up the marketing network, optimize the sales process, use information technology to carry out various forms of tourism promotion, speed up the application of electronic management information system in product promotion and customer information management, develop e-commerce, expand travel agency websites, and realize the sharing of information resources, making it a driving force to improve the quality of tourism services and accelerate the development of tourism in Guizhou.
Fourth, speed up the socialization of tourism industry, enhance the ability of industrial integration, mobilize social forces to participate in the development of tourism industry, improve the status of tourism industry, extend the connotation of tourism industry, and accelerate the formation of a large industrial pattern.
The practice of tourism development has constantly proved that any resource may have the attributes of tourism resources for people to develop and utilize. Because of the extensive tourism resources, the tourism industry is comprehensive and highly related, involving many departments and industries, the development of tourism must rely on transportation, catering services, culture, commerce, industry, agriculture and related infrastructure conditions, cities and tourism distribution centers, which determines that a complete tourism industry system must take tourism as a link and integrate catering, accommodation, transportation, entertainment, commerce and information. Therefore, the sociality of tourism and the development of tourism industry are not the business of one or two departments, nor are they just the business of government departments. Instead, we should cooperate closely with relevant departments, rely on all social forces to run tourism, and organize all sectors of society to participate in the development of tourism. Only in this way can the development of tourism have strong vitality and long-term sustainability.
To promote the socialization of tourism, we must first strengthen the coordination and cooperation between departments, cooperate with each other, and jointly shape the overall image of tourism, thus promoting the development of tourism. Second, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all sectors of society. According to the tourism development plan, widely mobilize social forces to participate in tourism development, and government departments should create conditions, provide services and create an environment for them. Third, according to the principle of "blending nature and humanity, combining business and leisure, and paying equal attention to economy and ecology", we should combine the development of tourism with the development of related industries, tap the connotation, enhance the taste, promote industrial interaction, realize linkage development and improve the overall efficiency.
In short, Guizhou's tourism industry has entered a period of accelerated development, and the province's tourism productivity has begun to take shape, which has the basic conditions for upgrading the industrial level. Under the new situation, we should seize the opportunity, conform to the trend, adhere to market-oriented operation, promote industrialization, promote informationization, participate in socialization, accelerate industrial integration, optimize industrial structure, expand industrial scale, improve industrial quality, and truly transform the advantages of Guizhou's tourism resources into industrial and economic advantages.
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