Pay attention to various aspects of supervision and management and their own PDCA improvement management.
Give you a reference model essay, I hope it will help you.
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Discussion on quality supervision and management of construction engineering
The quality of the construction project is not only related to the applicability of the project and the investment effect of the construction project, but also related to the safety of people's lives and property. With the vigorous development of China's modernization, the scale of construction is constantly expanding, and more than one billion square meters of various engineering projects are invested every year. Once the engineering quality problem occurs, it will directly affect public interests and public safety. Therefore, the quality of construction projects has become the focus of attention.
Keywords: project quality, quality supervision, project management
This paper focuses on two aspects of engineering quality management:
1, the behavior of government supervision and management and quality inspection
2, social supervision and supervision unit management
Government supervision and quality inspection.
1. In terms of absolute investment, real estate investment accounts for the bulk, with government-led investment as the main investment. Especially in recent years, the state has implemented a proactive fiscal policy and increased investment in infrastructure construction, which can't be compared with that of the government. According to statistics, in 2000, the scale of fixed assets investment in China was 329177 million yuan, of which the investment of state-owned economic organizations was 629177 million yuan. If we grasp it, we will grasp more than half of the quality of construction projects and grasp the main contradictions;
2. Strengthening investment supervision is in line with national policies. The government has a certain responsibility to supervise and manage the quality of construction projects, but too much intervention will often have a great impact on the market, which violates the principles of market economy and easily leads to market confusion, which is inconsistent with the spirit of relevant national policies. However, for projects invested by the government, the government is both the investor and the owner. It is well-founded for the owner to manage his own projects under the legal framework, which is also in line with national policies.
3. It is conducive to enhancing market vitality. Excessive supervision partially stifles the creativity of the market while maintaining market order, which is not conducive to improving market vitality and improving project quality in the long run. Strengthening the management of government investment projects and weakening the management of other owners will not only help to give full play to the vitality of market players, but also enable other owners to play their initiative in a larger space and maintain market stability, because government owners are the leading force in the market after all.
4. There is an example effect. If the supervision method of government investment projects is proved to be effective, other owners will be willing to follow suit and take the management method of government investment process as an example, thus driving the benign and orderly development of other owners and even the whole engineering construction market. If other owners have better methods, government owners can follow suit.
With the further deepening of the reform of the national capital construction system, the project quality supervision has made great progress, and the field of project quality supervision has achieved legal compliance and supervision according to law. At the same time, with the promulgation and implementation of a series of national laws and regulations, such as the Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects, the regulatory system of supervision and management has basically taken shape, and the supervision and management of government project quality has entered the fast lane of supervision according to law. At the same time, with the deepening of China's economic system reform and the gradual establishment of the socialist market economic system, there have been many contradictions and problems in the operation mode of engineering quality supervision formed in the past ten years.
After China's entry into WTO, it will have a strong shock wave to the whole construction industry. As an important part of the construction industry, engineering quality inspection is also facing many new situations, new problems, challenges and opportunities. In other words, the testing market has great potential and the market competition will be extremely fierce.
At present, the deepening reform of engineering quality testing institutions in Jiangsu Province is being actively and steadily promoted, and the testing market has been gradually liberalized. However, due to the fact that China's market economic system is in the primary stage and the market competition is not standardized, problems such as "vicious competition, lowering prices, providing false data and issuing false reports" have also risen. This will eventually lead to engineering quality problems with serious consequences. Therefore, how to adapt to the needs of the new situation and create a good market order for engineering quality inspection is an important topic worthy of our exploration.
After nearly 20 years of development, the personnel quality, supervision theory, experience and even authority of government engineering quality supervision institutions have undergone qualitative changes. However, some problems still exist in some engineering quality supervision institutions, such as low quality of personnel, imperfect self-integrity and diligence restraint system, which will inevitably affect the strength and depth of engineering quality supervision and directly weaken the effectiveness and authority of government supervision, and need to be improved and perfected. In order to fully implement a series of engineering construction laws, regulations and mandatory standards, such as Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects, engineering quality supervision institutions should actively explore new ideas, deepen the reform of engineering quality supervision institutions, improve the law enforcement operation mechanism and establish a new mode of engineering quality management supervision according to the requirements of continuous development of engineering quality, especially under the general supervision of engineering.
Establish and improve the notification system of project quality supervision, improve the transparency of supervision and law enforcement, and make project quality supervision truly become "sunshine supervision". All parties in engineering construction should enjoy the right to know from the beginning of construction activities, and understand the ways, methods, contents and means of supervision, so as to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of engineering construction, supervision and construction supervision units for self-inspection, consciously regulate quality behavior, and reduce and avoid quality accidents.
Establish a collective supervision mechanism to ensure the fairness and accuracy of law enforcement supervision. Strengthening supervision and law enforcement is an important means to deepen the reform of engineering quality supervision institutions and improve the level of engineering quality supervision. We should change the existing supervision mode, establish a collective supervision mechanism, equip a major with more than two supervisors, and stipulate that they hold certificates. In the process of daily project quality supervision and illegal behavior investigation, the law enforcement concept of "one person for private, two for public" is implemented. At the same time, it is stipulated that the heads of various departments, section chiefs and station leaders will issue different levels of supervision documents according to the scope of authority to ensure the seriousness and accuracy of law enforcement inspection and punishment.
Establish a predictable and service-oriented quality supervision model to realize the organic combination of service and law enforcement. Engineering quality supervision institutions should focus on three aspects of engineering quality: pre-control, process control and post-control While doing a good job in process supervision and severely investigating illegal acts of the project, we should strengthen the supervision of the project quality in advance and improve the predictability and service of supervision. When the quality of the project tends to decline or the project construction reaches difficult parts and parts prone to common quality defects, supervisors should promptly give tips and guidance to the site to reverse the situation of supervision lagging behind and passive response.
Establish a supervision and operation mechanism that pays equal attention to behavior supervision and physical supervision, and realize the extension from single physical supervision to quality behavior supervision of all parties in engineering construction. Engineering quality supervision institutions should take the quality behavior of all construction parties and their results, that is, the quality of engineering products, as the object of supervision, push all construction parties to the front line of engineering quality responsibility, and realize full coverage supervision of all factors affecting the quality of construction projects through the combination of daily supervision, supervision and inspection and quarterly inspection of structural projects. For the "problem project" found in the process of engineering quality supervision, in addition to the punishment in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects", we should also establish and implement the system of publicity and announcement of engineering quality information, and regularly publish the publicity and announcement of engineering quality information to the society through newspapers, radio, television and other news media to improve the quality awareness of the whole society.
Change the daily supervision mode and take spot check as the main way of project quality supervision and inspection. Engineering quality supervision should be based on the combination of inspection and sampling, with the main purpose of ensuring the safety of construction projects and environmental quality; The main content is to ensure the quality of foundation, main structure, environment and the quality behavior of all parties in engineering construction; With the system of construction permit and completion acceptance filing as the main means, the original appointment and notification supervision and inspection methods are changed, and patrol inspection and random inspection are strengthened to ensure that the inspection contents and parts can truly reflect the engineering quality.
In order to ensure the effectiveness and authority of government supervision, supervision institutions should constantly improve the quality of supervision teams and the level of supervision work. Without a high-quality quality supervision team, it is difficult to establish an authority that is compatible with the quality supervision function. Therefore, engineering quality supervision institutions must strengthen the research on quality management and quality control, and improve the professional quality of the supervision team. Engineering quality supervision institutions should constantly establish and improve the administrative management, technical management and quality supervision system, strictly follow the quality supervision procedures, give full play to the leading role of all responsible parties, rely on advanced construction technology, quality management technology and information network technology, make full use of economic and legal means to supervise and manage engineering quality activities, constantly explore and practice new modes of quality supervision and management that meet the requirements of the new era, and establish a standardized engineering quality supervision and management system.
Engineering quality is a problem with many causes and one effect, and there are many influencing factors, involving all aspects. However, summing up the experience of the past few decades, including learning from foreign experience, we come to a conclusion that a sound and effective quality control management system is a necessary condition for managing the project quality. This system is nothing more than three levels: first, government supervision, second, the responsibility of the construction unit (owner), and third, the direct producer of building products. These three levels constitute a system to control, supervise and manage the whole project quality. From the perspective of the government, the government's control and supervision of the project quality includes macro and micro levels. At the macro level, the government constructs a market operation rule through legislation and organizational system. To engage in a market economy, there must be rules, just like playing basketball. Your referee is very strict. He runs there with the ball, which is unacceptable. As the macro-control function of the government, controlling the project quality is to construct a market operation rule and ensure the normal implementation of this rule.
On the whole, the rules of China's market operation are not perfect, but there are many problems in the implementation of existing rules. Law enforcement is lax and impunity is very common. The chaos in the construction market directly endangers the quality of the project. Therefore, the government should make great efforts to build this market and improve the operating rules on the one hand, and ensure the implementation of these operating rules on the other. If implementation is not guaranteed, we must correct it. To improve the market operation rules, we should strengthen the legal system construction. In terms of government quality control and supervision, we must further strengthen the legal system.
With the change of working mode of engineering supervision institutions from micro-fixed inspection to macro-inspection, and the implementation of on-site supervision system, it is required to further strengthen the role of supervision enterprises in ensuring the quality of engineering construction. Engineering insurance is an important measure to ensure engineering quality by market means, an effective measure to reduce the risk of engineering construction and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, and it is also a fundamental solution to the problem of arrears in project payment due to interception of engineering quality deposit. This is a powerful example of reducing the risks of enterprises and governments by means of market economy. Local construction administrative departments should actively cooperate with local insurance authorities to study and discuss, and promote the healthy development of engineering insurance system.
Social supervision and management of supervision units
1. Further establish the authority of supervision. At present, there are quite a few project supervisors who are not authoritative enough about what they say and do to the construction unit. Of course, the supervision company is hired by the construction unit to manage the project on behalf of the construction unit, and of course it must listen to the owner. However, the supervision company also has another side. He must perform his duties independently and be responsible to the society in accordance with national laws, regulations, design documents and contract provisions. Therefore, the supervision company should be responsible for both the construction unit and the society. These two responsibilities are consistent in ensuring the smooth progress and quality of the project. If there are differences and contradictions, I think we should find the reasons. I'm afraid most of the reasons are the problems of the construction unit. Therefore, we should emphasize that the supervision company independently exercises its functions in project supervision. We want to emphasize once again that without the signature of the supervision engineer, materials, components and equipment shall not be used or installed in the project, the construction of the next working procedure shall not be carried out, the project progress payment shall not be allocated, and the completion acceptance shall not be organized. It is necessary to strengthen the authority and role of supervision in the process of project management.
2. Promote the quality improvement of supervision companies and strengthen the management of supervision units. Supervision companies should consciously adjust the talent structure and make up for their lack of talents as soon as possible. At present, most supervision companies have more people engaged in construction work experience, but little understanding of design. Some supervision companies established on the basis of design units have many people who understand design and few people who have practical experience in construction. The supervision company should be a combination of the two. Now someone is asking whether to engage in fire supervision. I don't advocate the establishment of various professional supervision companies. If you do this, the construction unit will be unbearable. Fire supervision company and decoration supervision company should be invited. The supervision company should be comprehensive and have all kinds of talents. Of course, there is another way out. If you must set up a professional supervision company, you must be employed by a comprehensive supervision company. How to do it specifically needs further study. Therefore, the supervision company should adjust the talent structure and ability as soon as possible to meet the needs of supervision work. In addition, supervisors should pay attention to professional ethics and supervision companies should pay attention to social image. It is forbidden to sell qualifications and supervision business. We must adhere to the principle and blindly do as the construction unit says. You can't use supervision to do personal things, and you can't collude with some aspects to cheat and damage the quality of the project. In a word, project supervision is a link in our whole project quality management system, and we should continue to promote it.
3. Social supervision: architectural design should be suitable for the mass market, not just for some people, which will hinder the normal development of the market. Engineering quality plays an important role in the minds of every property buyer. Therefore, social supervision and public opinion play an important leading role in the process of engineering construction. Relying entirely on social supervision to promote the construction of project quality credit system. Market economy is both a legal economy and a credit economy. Strengthening the management of bad records of construction project quality responsibility subjects and related institutions, establishing project quality credit system, and improving the credit awareness and credit level of various market subjects are important contents of project quality supervision and guarantee mechanism under market economy conditions. In the design process, we should do well in the following four aspects: First, through the review of construction drawings, we should earnestly urge all construction parties, especially design units, to consciously implement national laws, regulations and mandatory standards on energy conservation. Second, vigorously promote the application of scientific research achievements in building energy conservation in engineering, and formulate policies to strengthen guidance. Third, the standard design work should keep up, and the standard drawings reflecting the latest scientific research results should be updated in time, so that the "four new" technologies of building energy conservation can be widely used in engineering construction. Fourth, this year, experts should be organized to conduct research on building energy-saving design and formulate guiding opinions on the problems existing in energy-saving design. In the process of construction, the construction unit should implement the energy-saving requirements stipulated by the state by improving the construction technology, improving the construction level and strictly controlling the entry of materials and equipment to ensure the implementation of energy-saving design. The competent department should also take building energy conservation as an important content when filing for completion and acceptance.
A central issue in strengthening total quality management and establishing quality assurance system is to establish a product-centered quality responsibility system. The establishment of quality assurance system must also enrich testing methods. Improving the quality of products can not meet the requirements of the Ministry standard and the national standard, but should be measured according to international standards, so that the international market can be competitive. If you want to do a good job in equipment management and equipment performance, it is impossible to improve product quality if the accuracy is unqualified. Grasping equipment management, we should establish and improve the whole process management of equipment. The improvement of engineering quality should also start from raw materials, and it must go through strict inspection, and all kinds of materials can be used only after the test data are qualified. This is the material and technical basis to ensure the engineering quality. Strengthen management, demand quality from management and benefit from management.
The quality of building engineering should not only pay attention to the management of one point or several points, but also pay attention to the management of the whole process. Project quality is not only static management, but also dynamic management. Management is in the hands of people. If people-oriented technical quality innovation-enterprise quality and human resources development-which is closely related to engineering quality and reputation is neglected, it will inevitably lead to the lack of development motivation for enterprises. Total quality management is to improve the quality of people's work with the technical quality innovation of all staff, and to make construction enterprises motivated and cohesive through management innovation. Form an internal mechanism with strong potential to lay a solid mass foundation for improving the quality of the project and the survival and development of the enterprise.