canary
Q: In memory of the three sages who buried Qin Mugong.
original text
Cross the yellow bird and stop at the spine. Who is Mu Gong? Ziche Yan Xi. Take a break,
The characteristics of a hundred husbands. Facing its point 6, I am afraid of its chestnut. Pale is heaven ⑦, destroy my beloved ⑧!
If it can be redeemed, it will be a hundred people!
Pass through the yellow bird and stop at Mulberry for attending. Who is Mu Gong? The sub-car is driving in the middle. Wei Zhe Zhong Xing,
The defense of hundreds of people. When you are near its point, you are afraid of its chestnuts. If you look pale, you will ruin my love!
If you can redeem it, you are a hundred people!
After crossing the yellow bird, it ends in Chu. Who is Mu Gong? Che Zhen Hu ④. Wei this needle tiger,
The emperor of a hundred husbands. When you are near its point, you are afraid of its chestnuts. If you look pale, you will ruin my love!
If you can redeem it, you are a hundred people!
translate
The yellowbird mourns, and the jujube branches stop. Who died in Mu Gong? The fate of Ziche Yan Xi is very good.
Whoever disapproves of a good election is a handsome man among hundreds of husbands. Everyone mourned for the grave and was buried alive by fear and pain.
For god's sake, please lie with your eyes open and kill the good guys! One hundred people are willing to go to Quantai if they can redeem him to die.
The yellowbird mourns, and the mulberry branches rest. Who died with Mu Gong? The sub-car was in disaster.
Whoever doesn't call it a beautiful trip is one of hundreds of people. Everyone mourned for the grave and was buried alive by fear and pain.
For god's sake, please lie with your eyes open and kill the good guys! If you can redeem him to die, a hundred people are willing to turn to dust.
The yellow birds sing and moan, and the thorns fall. Who is buried with Mu Gong? Chezhen Tiger was dismembered.
Who doesn't praise a good needle tiger, and a hundred people help a talent. Everyone mourned for the grave and was buried alive by fear and pain.
For god's sake, please lie with your eyes open and kill the good guys! One hundred people are willing to bury Artemisia if they can atone for his death.
To annotate ...
1 intersection: birdsong. Ma's interpretation of biographies and notes: "Making friends, commonly known as' biting', birdsong." Yellowbird: that is, yellowbird.
② Spine: Zizyphus jujuba. Deciduous trees The branches are prickly, but the fruit tastes sour. The thorn is "urgent", pun intended.
3 from: from death, that is, martyrdom. Mu Gong: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of the State of Qin, surnamed Wen, had a good name.
4 minutes: compound surname. Election interest: name. The following are both sub-car and sub-car needle (zhēn).
⑤ Special: Outstanding talents.
⑥ Two words: Jian Zheng: "It is said that the Qin people mourned his death and looked at his body, all because of his mourning."
⑦ Heaven is beyond pallor: the language of extremely sad cry is still "God" today.
8 lover: a good person.
Pet-name ruby: Jude said to redeem one hundred people.
Attending mulberry: mulberry. Sang's word is "mourning", pun intended.
⑾ defense: arrival. Jian Zheng said, "it is better to guard against it. It is said that one person is a hundred husbands. "
⑿ Zhu: Chu said "pain". It's also a pun
Enjoy 1:
The Yellow Bird describes the martyrdom of a large number of living people after Qin Mugong's death, among which all three brothers of Ziche were martyred. The poem describes the martyrdom of the three brothers, shows the mourning and regret for the three strong men, and also shows the incomparable anger and strong protest against the inhuman martyrdom system. This poem mistakenly stops the yellow bird on the thorn tree, suggesting that the son of Ziche is buried in the wrong place. Such a capable warrior is also "alarmist", complaining about the cruelty of the funeral. This poem is very realistic. In the sixth year of Zuo Zhuan, Wen Gong once recorded that "Qin Bo was a good soldier, and three were chosen as rest, and Zhong Xing and Zhen Hu were martyred, all of which were good for Qin, and the Chinese mourned it, with their yellow birds."
Appreciate II
The Yellow Bird is an elegy that satirizes Qin Mugong people's sacrifice and mourns "Sanliang".
"Zuo Wen Zhuan's Six Years" contains: "Qin Boshan died (in the thirty-first year of King Xiang of Zhou, that is, 62 1 year BC), and his third son, Zhong Xing and Zhen Xuan were martyred, all of which were good for Qin. The people of China mourned it and gave it a "yellow bird." Accordingly, not only the ability of poetry can be proved by history, but also the age of writing poetry can be proved by history. Historical Records of Qin Benji also contains its story: "Miao (Mu) died from the deceased 177 people. Qin Zhiliang's courtiers Yu (car), also known as Zhong Xing and Zhen, are all dying. Qin people mourn the poem "Yellow Bird". " Martyrdom is a bad habit in slave society. It is not only slaves who died, but also those closest to the ruler before his death. Qin Mugong's "three virtues" is an example. The poem "Yellow Bird" only mourns the death of "Sanliang", not as good as the rest. Therefore, there is no doubt that 174 people are slaves.
This poem is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is about mourning for the election, which is divided into three layers. The first two sentences begin with "Make friends with the yellow bird and stop at thorns", and the mourning of the yellow bird begins the martyrdom of Ziche Yan Xi. According to Ma's explanation of Biography of Shi Mao, the word "thorn" is "urgency", which is a homophonic pun, rendering an anxious, sad and bitter atmosphere for the poem and setting a sad tone for the main theme of the poem. In the middle four sentences, it is pointed out that Mu Gong should be buried by Yan Xi, and that the person in power was martyred by a talented "hundred people", thus showing the great mourning of the Qin people for the election martyrdom. The last six sentences of the poem are the third level, describing the tragic fear of the Qin people who died in the election. The phrase "I'm afraid of my chestnut" fully describes the scene of fear that Qin people witnessed being buried alive. This terrible sight and dehumanizing behavior made the witnesses shout angrily and ask why Heaven wanted to "annihilate my beloved". This is a condemnation of those in power and a problem of the times. If you can redeem the life of election interests, even if you replace it with a hundred people, you are willing! It can be seen that the Qin people mourned the "Centurion Selection". The second chapter mourns Zhong Xing, the third chapter mourns the needle tiger and repeats the sentence. The structure is the same as the first chapter, but the numbers have changed.
The main artistic feature of this poem is the use of puns, which enhances the sad atmosphere and exaggerates the tragic scene of human martyrdom, thus accusing the evil of human martyrdom. In Qing Dynasty, Chen's Reading Poems and Supplementing Poems commented on him as "the name of mourning, the ancestor of mourning", which is true.
Qin Mugong sacrificed 177 people, but the author only mourned "Sanliang", while 174 slave's death was not mentioned at all, so the position of the author of this poem is self-evident. The bad habit of martyrdom existed in all countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it became a habit with each other. The article "Mourning on Mozi Festival" said: "The son of heaven killed martyrs, hundreds of people, dozens less; The generals and doctors killed martyrdom, dozens of people, and few people. " However, in Qin Mugong's time, people have clearly realized that the system of human martyrdom is an extremely inhuman cruelty, and the poem "The Yellow Bird" is a proof. Although the author of this poem was greatly wronged only because of the "three virtues", it is still a great progress in history. (Qin Huimin)
Appreciation 3
"Six Years of Zuo Wen Zhuan" records: "Qin Boshan died well, and the three sons of Ziche family, Yan Xi, Zhong Xing and Zhenhu, died for Qin. The people of China mourned it and gave it a "yellow bird."
Qin Mugong, whose name was Ren Hao and surname was Won, was the monarch of the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period and one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. From 659 BC to 62 BC1year, he was in power. After he succeeded to the throne, he personally led troops to crusade against Golden Retriever (now Ruicheng East, Shaanxi Province) and began to expand his territory. 647 years ago, the State of Jin attacked the State of Qin, and the two sides fought in Hanyuan and captured the State of Jin. In 628 years ago, in the Battle of Kampot, San was captured by Jin, and 626 years ago, he fought with Jin Jun and failed again. Before 624, Qin Mugong personally led a crusade against the State of Jin, which was revenge for the humiliation of the war. 623 years ago, Qin Jun went to Xirong to "benefit twelve countries, open Wan Li, and then monopolize Xirong". 62 1 years ago, Qin Mugong died. Ren Hao's life can really be described as a life of fighting. It may be a pity that his ambition was not rewarded, which made him deeply attached to his own army, and made more than 70 people, such as Yi Xi, Zhong Xing and Zhen Hu, the country's three great warriors, die in battle. Qin Mugong's killing of talents stung the hearts of China people who had been kidnapped and above the chariot, so there was the article "Yellow Bird".
Every time I read "crossing the yellow bird, I stop at the spine; Crossing the yellow bird and ending in mulberry; Make friends with yellowbird, and stop at Chu ... "It seems that I saw several children around the little finch who just came out of the nest, watching, laughing and touching each other. Not far away, a little higher, are the birds who lost their chicks in the wrong love that just happened. They screamed in horror, wandered and jumped anxiously, and slowly approached the young birds struggling in the hands of naughty children. The birds get bigger and bigger, and their songs become more noisy and sad. Finally, the children were angered, stones and sticks were thrown together, the wings of "coax" shook the air, and the crying stopped abruptly. The birds flew to a tall tree not far away, stopped for a while, and immediately gathered together to scream. And so on, until the children dispersed, I didn't know where to get the fish
Yellow bird, Jian Zheng is a yellow bird. Groups of yellowbirds living in the forest sing loudly and sweetly. Although it is different from common sparrows, it is very similar to "living in groups and eating grains in groups".
In Qin Feng Yellow Bird, it is said that "Make friends with yellow birds, stop at spines ... make friends with yellow birds, stop at mulberries ... make friends with yellow birds, stop at Chu ..." Scholars in Qing Dynasty Xing Bi and Ma thought it inappropriate to stop at spines, mulberry and Chu. Xing Sanliang avoided death and did not die for him. Thorn and Chu are all, mulberry is not suitable for yellowbird. Xiao Ya yellow bird's "not picking mulberry" is proof.
I don't think what Ma said is true. First, there is a comparison between "making friends with yellow birds ...". I'm afraid it's not appropriate to describe the three virtues of the royal family by a group of yellow birds who make friends and moan. Similarly, in the following, "being close to its point and worrying about its chestnut" is by no means a description of people who are not afraid of death. A brave man who regards one thing as a hundred things will never be afraid of death, but will only mourn for it. Second, Ma said, "Thorn and Chu are all thorns, but mulberry is not suitable for yellowbird." Xiaoya Yellow Bird's Nothing to Pick Mulberries is proof of this. "Xiaoya Yellow Bird" has a cloud: "Yellow bird, yellow bird, don't gather in Jun (sound Chu, leaves like mulberry), don't peck my millet ... yellow bird, yellow bird, don't gather mulberry, don't peck my beam ... yellow bird, yellow bird, don't gather Xu (that is, oak plum), don't peck my millet ... These words probably mean: yellow bird.
"Be friends with the yellow bird" means to be friends with the wailing bird, which means the sorrow of rejuvenating the country, and the article "If you are pale, kill my lover!" Sad cry immersed in it. "Stop at the spine ... stop at the mulberry tree ... stop at Chu ..." By describing the change of the flock's orientation, it shows that the flock lost its son, screamed in surprise, drove away, flew from the spine to Mulberry and then to Chu ... Its panic lingered and refused to leave. Qin people who struggled for survival in the war were more frightened, helpless, uneasy and desperate than yellowbird in the brutal killing of their brothers and sisters and the abandonment of their compatriots. I think this sympathetic poet must have seen birds lose their children countless times. When he witnessed the scenes of killing and martyrdom, the two scenes overlapped each other, from bird to man, from man to bird, from man to bird, and merged into one. It highlights the helplessness of the weak to the strong and condemns the ignorance of the strong and its harm to the weak. This poem is full of the poet's thoughts on the sufferings of life. (Jiangdong Liulin)
Interpretation and Appreciation of the Full Text of Guofeng Qin Feng Yellow Bird