Countermeasures and discussion on the mental health problems of college students.
Abstract: 0/6% ~ 25.4% of college students in China have psychological barriers. This paper analyzes the causes of college students' psychological problems and puts forward the ways of psychological health education.
Keywords: college students; Mental health education; survey
China Library ClassificationNo.: G64 1 Document ID: A DocumentNo.:1674-9324 (2014) 24-0175-02.
In recent years, the phenomenon of violence, suicide, suspension from school and dropping out of school caused by college students' psychological problems is common. According to the figures provided by the Chinese Center for Disease Control, there are 16% ~ 25.4% college students in China who have psychological disorders such as anxiety, neurasthenia and depression [1]. Therefore, the psychological problems of college students are paid more and more attention by the state. 200 1 Opinions on Strengthening College Students' Mental Health Education issued by the Ministry of Education points out that strengthening college students' mental health education is an important measure to comprehensively implement the Party's educational policy and implement quality education under the new situation, an important way and means to promote college students' all-round development, and an important part of moral education in colleges and universities [2]. College students' mental health education means that educators, according to the characteristics of college students' physical and mental development, use the theories and techniques of psychology and other disciplines to educate college students on mental health knowledge and skills and train their psychological behavior, cultivate good psychological quality, form a sound personality of college students, and promote their all-round physical and mental development and the improvement of their comprehensive quality.
First, the causes of psychological problems of college students
1. Social factors. With the development and improvement of the socialist market economic system, employers have greater autonomy in talent selection. After graduation, college students go to the talent market, supply and demand meet, and the market-oriented mechanism of talents tends to mature [4]. On the one hand, this reform of employment system certainly provides more alternative employment channels and opportunities for college graduates; On the other hand, the increasingly fierce competition for talents also poses a severe challenge to the employment of college students, especially the current layoffs of government agencies, the reduction of staff and efficiency in state-owned enterprises and institutions, the diversion of laid-off workers, and the impact of the global financial crisis, which makes the employment situation of college students very severe and increases their psychological pressure, so that they are often under pressure [4].
2. Family factors. Improper family education is a hotbed of college students' psychological problems. For example, (1) parents are obedient to their children and overindulge them. In the process of children's growth, parents take care of their children like umbrellas, so that children have no setbacks and everything is under the protection of their parents. Such college students are extremely dependent and lack sympathy. When encountering setbacks, I am at a loss, lacking self-control and self-confidence. (2) Parents indulge their children's behavior with little restraint. Such college students are often self-centered, lack of family education, do not know how to respect others, and are willful, so it is difficult to adapt to collective life [5].
3. Learning factors. College students, especially freshmen, are full of yearning and longing for university study, hoping to continue to maintain the learning advantage of high school, lead all the way and learn best [6]. However, there are great differences between university learning and middle school learning, both in learning content and learning methods. When many students encounter difficulties and setbacks in their studies, they can't face and accept correctly, escape and deny reality, which will lead to mental health problems [6].
Second, the ways of college students' mental health education
1. Offering psychology courses and lectures. Offering psychology courses and lectures in colleges and universities is conducive to college students' better, more comprehensive and broader understanding of psychological knowledge, so that college students can understand the characteristics and trends of their own psychological development and be able to calmly cope with confusion, rather than blindly following the crowd or doubting for no reason, which is very beneficial to maintaining and promoting college students' mental health [7].
2. Carry out psychological counseling. Psychological consultation is an important way of mental health education for college students. In addition to regular on-duty counseling, teachers should also set up psychological mailboxes and open consultation telephones, so that when college students encounter problems or psychological obstacles in learning, interpersonal communication, love, emotion, personality, gender, career choice, family, etc. during their growth, they can get the help of consulting teachers in time to avoid the occurrence of psychological troubles or the aggravation of psychological obstacles [8].
3. Establish a high-quality mental health education team. The quality of college students' mental health education depends on the quality of the education team. Therefore, it is necessary to actively carry out professional training for full-time and part-time teachers engaged in college students' mental health education, continuously improve their theoretical level, professional knowledge and skills necessary for mental health education through training, and attach importance to professional training for class teachers, counselors and other cadres and teachers engaged in students' ideological and political work [9].
4. Infiltrate mental health education into moral education. In moral education, we should pay more attention to the psychological health of college students besides adhering to the previous political orientation and moral orientation. While educating students on the ideals and beliefs of collectivism, patriotism and * * * ism, we should also analyze and study students' psychological characteristics, combine the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, strengthen the cultivation of intellectual factors and non-intellectual factors, enhance students' adaptability to the environment, cultivate healthy personality, establish harmonious interpersonal relationships, and fully mobilize students' physical and mental potential.
5. Create a good campus cultural atmosphere. It is necessary to strengthen and improve the construction of campus culture, optimize the campus cultural environment, organize and guide college students to participate in various forms of healthy and vivid cultural and sports activities, community activities, learning competitions, famous forums and other activities, cultivate college students' noble sentiments, cultivate students' sense of collectivism, strengthen students' self-education and self-management, build harmonious interpersonal relationships with activities as a link, cultivate students' interpersonal communication ability and adaptability to the environment, promote self-improvement of personality and make students healthy and harmonious.
6. Carry out social practice activities. Guiding students to participate in social practice activities, so that college students can know the society, the society, the reality and the people will help to dilute the idealism and romanticism in college students' hearts, readjust themselves, straighten out the relationship between individuals and society, and find out their position in society, which will help to cultivate their self-confidence and enterprising spirit in overcoming difficulties and improve their ability to adapt to society [12].
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[8] Wang Yuncai. Problems and Countermeasures of College Students' Mental Health Education [J]. Journal of Henan University (Social Science Edition), 2006,46 (1):140-142.
[9] Song, _ _ Hong. Current situation and countermeasures of mental health education for college students [J]. Journal of Henan Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2006,33 (4): 205-207.
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[12] Wei Yuandong. Analysis of College Students' Mental Health Education [J]. Journal of Shandong Youth Management Cadre College, 2003, (5): 4 1-42.
About the author: Wei Siming (197 1-), male, postdoctoral, associate professor, associate researcher, master tutor, mainly engaged in higher medical education and research.
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