The second is to analyze the problem.
Finally, the problem is solved and the prediction result is put forward.
Question 2: How to write the main content of graduation thesis [turn]
Graduation thesis has certain requirements in content and form, which is also one of the basic basis for assessing the achievements of the thesis. The specific requirements of graduation thesis writing will be discussed in detail in the relevant chapters in the future. Here, let's talk about some principles of graduation thesis writing.
First, adhere to the principle of integrating theory with practice.
Writing graduation thesis must adhere to the principle of integrating theory with practice. Theoretical research, especially social science research, must serve reality, socialist modernization and the construction of two civilizations. Theory comes from practice and reacts to practice. Scientific theory plays a guiding role in practice and can be transformed into great material strength through people's practical activities. The task of scientific research is to reveal the regularity of the movement of things, and use this regularity to guide people's practice and promote social progress and development. Therefore, the graduation thesis must pay attention to the reality of socialist modernization and pay close attention to the new situation and new problems in social life.
To adhere to the reality of theoretical research and integrate theory with practice, we must spread our feet, go deep into reality and conduct social investigation and research. This is also the basic way for us to correctly understand society. Only when people go deep into reality, widely contact with objective things, get a lot of perceptual materials, and then use scientific logical thinking methods to get rid of the rough and extract the essence from these materials, and then, from the outside to the inside, can we find a new topic that is practical and suitable for our own research. In the practice of China's reform and opening up, new situations, new problems and new experiences emerge one after another, and problems that need to be studied are all over the society. As long as you have a strong interest in practical problems and a high degree of sensitivity, and are good at capturing vivid and typical realistic materials, through in-depth thinking and research, you can get a regular understanding that is conducive to socialist modernization and improve the value of your graduation thesis. Of course, writing a graduation thesis has a wide range of topics, not limited to real-life problems, but also can study professional basic theories and comparative studies between China and the West. However, no matter what research topic you choose, you should implement the principle of integrating theory with practice, make the past serve the present and make foreign things serve China, learn from historical research that is beneficial to the development of real society, learn from foreign research, learn from their successful experiences and failed lessons, or provide some basis for China's foreign policy.
To implement the principle and method of integrating theory with practice, we must study hard and master theoretical weapons. Comrade * * * pointed out: "Emphasizing the combination with practice does not mean denying the importance of reading. On the contrary, read carefully, read repeatedly, study hard and really understand. Otherwise, if you don't master theory, how can you talk about integrating theory with practice? " (Qiushi Magazine No.24 1989) Serious reading includes two aspects: First, learn professional courses well and have basic professional knowledge. This is the prerequisite and necessary condition for writing a graduation thesis. Experience tells us that only with the corresponding level of knowledge accumulation can we understand a certain depth of academic problems; At the same time, only with a specific knowledge structure can we study the problems of a certain subject. As Hegel said, before discussing academic issues, we must "have some knowledge", otherwise, "without the basis of discussion, they can only wander in vague and meaningless situations". (Preface to the Third Edition of Little Logic) Second, we should seriously study the basic principles of Marxism and learn to use Marxist positions, viewpoints and methods to analyze and solve problems. Marxism correctly reveals the most general laws of the development of nature, human society and thinking, and has become a powerful ideological weapon for the proletariat and revolutionary people to understand and transform the world. As a great cognitive tool, Marxism does not directly provide answers to various specific problems, but it provides us with correct positions, viewpoints and methods on how to correctly discover, analyze and solve problems. Therefore, when writing graduation thesis, college graduates should learn and master the basic theory of Marxism, and consciously use Marxist positions, viewpoints and methods to guide the writing of graduation thesis.
Second, the argument should be scientific and the viewpoint should be innovative.
(A) the argument should be scientific
The scientific nature of graduation thesis means that the basic viewpoints and contents of the article can reflect the objective law of the development of things. The basic idea of the article must come from the analysis and research of specific materials, not from subjective imagination. The function of scientific research lies in revealing laws, exploring truth and opening up ways for people to understand and transform the world. Sentence ... >>
Question 3: How to write a definite topic in the process of graduation design?
Topic selection is the key to graduation design. A good project can strengthen theoretical knowledge and practical skills, so that students can give full play to their creativity and successfully complete their graduation project.
The topic selection of graduation project can be comprehensively considered from the following aspects:
(1) is conducive to integrating what students have learned.
(2) can combine the characteristics of the subject.
(3) Try to be practical.
(4) It has certain application value.
According to the above requirements, we can consider mining topics from the following angles:
(1) extension of subject teaching. For example, combined with electrical control circuit, students are required to design the control circuit of mechanical power head and install and debug it. Combined with digital power
Design and assembly of logic circuit.
(2) Multidisciplinary synthesis. Determine a comprehensive discipline by combining professional disciplines. If the theme is large, it can be broken down into several sub-themes, handed over to different groups to complete, and finally integrated into a complete theme. For example, mechanical and electrical majors can design the following topics: traffic lights in big cities. This topic can be divided into the following two sub-topics: signal lamp display controlled by PLC and clock circuit for timing signal length.
(3) Combining with production practice. Schools can cooperate with some units to develop a number of practical projects suitable for students' design, and even take a production task of some units as a design project. Schools should pay attention to the accumulation of subject materials, try to choose the subject that is most suitable for teaching content and closest to production practice, complete the construction of database, and create a good foundation for the continuous improvement of disciplines in the future.
Engineering analysis
Graduation design needs to systematically analyze a part of a project to be developed (demand analysis, platform selection, module division, and refinement of some design modules). The focus of this kind of paper is to collect and sort out the background analysis, demand analysis, platform selection, overall design (block), the refinement of some design modules and the content of development tools used. The general structure of the paper is as follows: 1) Introduction (focusing on the background of the application project, project development characteristics, work difficulty, etc. ); 2) Project analysis and design (focusing on the overall framework of the project, functional description, introduction of development tools, etc. ); 3) Project implementation (focusing on the database design results, the principle and process of code development, the main problems encountered and solved in implementation, the future maintenance and improvement of the project, etc.). This part can be arranged in two or three paragraphs); 4) concluding remarks.
Guiding design
After assigning tasks to students, instructors should guide students to analyze topics, determine design ideas, make full use of technical materials, pay attention to design methods, and use reference books reasonably. Students should pay attention to the gap between theory and practice when designing, and fully consider the feasibility of design. Instructors should pay attention to the quality and speed of students completing tasks, point out their shortcomings in time and inspire them to think independently. In the design process, students should be guided to develop good safety awareness and rigorous work style. After the design is completed, you should write a graduation design thesis and make a comprehensive summary of your own design process.
Organizational answer
Answering questions is an "oral test" to check the quality of students' graduation design. Through this form, students can further summarize the design process, test their adaptability and self-confidence, and lay a solid foundation for truly stepping into society. The defense mainly examines some professional basic knowledge and basic theory of students. The process of defense is actually the process of helping students summarize. Teachers should actively guide students to sum up the experience accumulated in the design process, analyze the design effect, find out the shortcomings and improvement methods, and help students turn practice into their own knowledge and skills. Through the defense, it will also help students improve their adaptability and self-confidence and lay a solid foundation for truly entering the society.
assessment result
The evaluation results mainly include two aspects: first, the quality of graduation design; The second is the performance of defense, which is not lower than the quality of graduation design.
Excellent: successfully complete the project specified in the task book on schedule; Be able to skillfully and comprehensively apply the learned theories and professional knowledge; Have the design of specific projects combined with reality or have independent opinions on specific topics, with high technical content. Correct argumentation, correct and rigorous calculation, analysis and experiment, reasonable conclusion, strong independent working ability and rigorous scientific style; Graduation design (thesis) has certain originality and high level.
Good: the project specified in the task book was successfully completed as scheduled; Be able to use theory and professional knowledge well; There are certain specific topics that are combined with the actual design of specific projects or independently demonstrated, and have certain technical content. The demonstration is correct, the calculation, analysis and experiment are correct, and the conclusion is reasonable; Have certain independent working ability and good scientific style; Design & gt
Question 4: How to write the research methods, steps and measures of graduation thesis design?
Investigation is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic collection of the actual situation or history of the research object.
Specific methods of situation. Investigation is a basic research method commonly used in scientific research, which comprehensively uses historical methods and observation methods.
Through scientific methods such as writing, questionnaire, case study and test, we can have a planned, detailed and systematic understanding of educational phenomena and collect and investigate them.
A large number of data are analyzed, synthesized, compared and summarized, thus providing people with regular knowledge.
Questionnaire survey is the most commonly used survey method, and it is a research method to collect information through written questions, that is, investigators ask questions about the survey items.
Objective to compile a form, distribute it or mail it to relevant personnel, ask for instructions to fill in that answer, and then collect, sort out, count and study it.
Observation method
Observation refers to the researcher's direct observation of the research pair by using his own senses and auxiliary tools according to a certain research purpose, research outline or observation table.
As a way of obtaining information. Scientific observation is purposeful, planned, systematic and repeatable. In scientific experiments and investigations
In the research, observation has the following functions: ① Expanding people's perceptual knowledge. 2 inspire people's thinking. (3) lead to new discoveries.
experimental method
Experimental method is a scientific research method to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things by changing the main branch and controlling the research object. Its main features are: first,
First, take the initiative to change. Observation and investigation is to understand the research object and find out the problems without disturbing the research object. This experiment is
It is required to actively manipulate the experimental conditions, artificially change the existing mode and changing process of the object, and make it obey the needs of scientific understanding. Second, control
Make love. Scientific experiments require that, according to the needs of research, with the help of various methods and technologies, the interference of various irrelevant factors that may affect science can be reduced or eliminated.
Understand the research object in a simplified and purified state. Third, causality. An effective tool to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things through experiments.
The only way.
Literature research methods
Literature research method is based on a certain research purpose or theme, through the investigation of literature to obtain information, so as to fully and correctly understand and master the research.
Methods of investigating problems. Literature research methods are widely used in various disciplines. Its functions are as follows: ① Understand the history and present situation of related problems.
, to help determine the research topic. ② It can form an overall impression of the research object, which is helpful for observation and visit. (3) Comparative information of real data can be obtained.
Materials. (4) help to understand the whole picture of things.
Empirical research methods
Empirical research method is a special form of scientific practice research. According to the needs of existing scientific theory and practice, the design and use of scientific instruments are put forward.
Under natural conditions, instruments and equipment are operated purposefully and step by step according to observing, recording and measuring the changes of accompanying phenomena.
The activity of determining the causal relationship between conditions and phenomena. The main purpose is to explain the relationship between various independent variables and a dependent variable.
Quantitative analysis method
In scientific research, quantitative analysis can make people understand the research object more accurately, thus revealing the law more scientifically and putting it into practice.
Grasp the essence, clarify the relationship and predict the development trend of things.
Qualitative analysis method
Qualitative analysis is the qualitative analysis of the research object. Specifically, it uses induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and
By summarizing and other methods, all kinds of materials are processed, so as to get rid of the rough and get the essence, get rid of the false and keep the true, and achieve the cognition from the outside to the inside.
Understand the essence of things and reveal the internal laws.
Interdisciplinary research methods
The method of using multidisciplinary theories, methods and achievements to conduct a comprehensive study of a subject as a whole is also called "cross-study method". Scientific development
The law of motion shows that science is highly integrated in high differentiation and forms a unified whole. According to the statistics of relevant experts, there are now
There are more than 2,000 disciplines, and the trend of discipline differentiation is still intensifying, but at the same time, the links between disciplines are getting closer and closer, whether it is language, methods or some concepts.
On the other hand, there is a trend of more and more unification.
Case study method
Case study method is a research method to identify a specific object among the research objects, investigate and analyze it, and find out its characteristics and formation process.
There are three basic types of case studies: (1) personal investigation, that is, investigation and study of a person in an organization; (2) Group survey, that is, a survey of a certain group.
Organize or group to conduct investigation and study; （......& gt& gt
Question 5: What is the work content of graduation thesis (design) and how to write the key words?
Keyword is a subject word that marks the key theme content of literature, but it has not been standardized. It is a word or term selected from the papers indexed by literature to express the main content of the full text. A paper can choose 3 ~ 8 words as keywords.
main body
Generally speaking, the content of the theme of academic papers should include the following three aspects: 1. Facts (examples or phenomena of language, culture, literature, education, society, thoughts, etc. obtained through my actual investigation). The factual basis put forward shall be objective and true, and the source shall be indicated when necessary; 2. Relevant statements of predecessors (including the investigation methods, investigation processes and conclusions of predecessors). In theoretical analysis, we should clearly distinguish other people's views from my own. Whether directly or indirectly citing the achievements of others, the source should be indicated; 3. My analysis, discussion and conclusion, etc. Combine the factual basis, predecessors' achievements and my own analysis organically, and pay attention to the logical relationship between them.
conclusion
The conclusion should be the final and overall conclusion of the graduation thesis, in other words, the conclusion should be the end and destination of the whole thesis, not the conclusion of a local problem or a branch problem, nor the simple repetition of each paragraph of the summary. The conclusion is that the conclusion of this paper should reflect the author's deeper understanding, and it is a new academic general concept and general view drawn from all the materials of the whole paper through logical analysis processes such as reasoning, judgment and induction. Conclusion The word "conclusion" can be used, which requires a concise and accurate explanation of one's creative work or new viewpoint, its significance and function, and also puts forward problems and suggestions that need further discussion. Conclusion should be accurate, complete, clear and concise.
Question 6: How to write the basic requirements of graduation design?
1. According to the regulations of the task book, students independently complete the specified content under the guidance of teachers, and plagiarism is strictly prohibited;
2. The design scheme is reasonable and feasible, the quality of drawings meets the requirements, the instructions are fluent in arts and sciences, and the handwriting is neat;
3. The argument is clear, the argument is sufficient and the conclusion is correct;
4. Reflect advanced technology, new test methods and calculation methods;
5. Have certain technical and economic analysis;
6. Workload requirements (based on 12 weeks)
(1) The drawing workload of students' graduation design is determined by colleges, departments and instructors according to graduation design papers.
(2) Graduation design instructions should be written in a unified format. The calculation description of engineering design should be no less than 15000 words, and other types of calculation description and experimental analysis should be no less than 19000 words.
(3) For disciplines with special requirements, graduation design (thesis) can be completed according to the characteristics of the major studied and the requirements of the above workload;
(4) Translate a foreign language reference related to this graduation project (thesis) with no less than 5,000 words.
7. After the topic of graduation design (thesis) is determined, the instructor should prepare the graduation design thesis of Lanzhou Jiaotong University and send it to the students two weeks before the graduation design (thesis) begins.
8. Instructors should instruct students to complete the "opening report" within two weeks after the commencement of graduation design (thesis) (see Annex II), and the graduation design (thesis) can only be started after passing the examination.
9. Students should fill in the "Lanzhou Jiaotong University Graduation Design Thesis Student Self-examination Form" in the sixth week after graduation design (thesis) work begins. See annex 3.
Question 7: How to write the design ideas in the thesis opening report?
(full name)
grade
primary
Title of paper
teacher
end time
First, the meaning of choosing strokes
Second, the research status at home and abroad
Third, the research content
Fourth, research methods, means and steps
Verb (abbreviation of verb) reference
Question 8: How to write a database design paper? A. Requirement analysis stage: synthesizing the application requirements of each user.
B, in the conceptual design stage: described by E-R diagram.
C. In the logic design stage, the E-R diagram is transformed into a data model supported by a specific database product, such as a relational model, to form a database logic model. Then, according to the user's processing needs and security considerations, the necessary views are established on the basis of the basic table to form the external mode of data.
D, in the physical design stage: according to the characteristics of DBMS and the needs of processing, arrange physical storage, design indexes, and form patterns in the database.
As soon as it unfolds, it will be enough on paper.
Question 9: How to write the graduation design report? The final report is the final stage of research, and its quality affects the display and promotion of research results. This paper briefly introduces the format and requirements of the conclusion report, and puts forward some points for attention: first, we should pay attention to science, authenticity and novelty; Second, we should combine quantitative and qualitative methods; Third, the length of the report should be appropriate.
Keywords inquiry learning; Closing report; Format; Matters needing attention
Research report is an article used to conduct scientific research and describe scientific research achievements, which can promote the development of science and technology, economic construction and social progress. For middle school students, after a period of hard research, it is an important link to write a research report. Because the research report is the explicit form of your thoughts. On the one hand, by writing research reports, we can systematically sort out our ideas; On the other hand, you can know what you have done through the report, thus supporting your point of view.
The format of the research report depends on the content of the research results. The research results are different due to different disciplines, different topics, different properties, different research methods, different experimental processes, different logical reasoning and different results forms. However, different research results also have a similar pattern in writing, that is, "title, signature, preface, text and conclusion". For middle school students, it is more likely to be a small paper-based research report.
First, summarize the general format of the report.
There are four common research reports: experimental report, reading report, investigation report and design report. But the basic format is similar, and the general format of specific writing includes the following parts:
(1) title
The title is a high summary of the research report and a concentrated expression of the research results. A verb-object phrase is often used to express it. The basic requirements are accuracy, conciseness, striking and avoiding similarities. The title of the research report can directly reveal the argument and also indicate the scope of discussion. Titles can be judgmental, declarative or interrogative. Generally, the title should not exceed 15 words. If the title is too long, you can add subtitles. The idea of the topic is very important. A good title can be fascinating and make people grasp the central topic of the research report.
(2) Signature
The purpose of signature is threefold: first, it shows that the author has paid a hard labor price; The second is that the author should be responsible for the article; Third, it is convenient for peers or readers to contact the author. To sign an article, only the actual author can sign it. It was written by a person with his name; It is the result of the collective, and the name of the collective can also be assigned to the individual names of the participants in the name of the collective.
(3) unit
Units include the author's unit, the author's native place and the postal code of the author's unit. Put brackets under the signature, the writer's unit in brackets, the writer's native place every other word, and then the postal code where the writer's unit is located every other word.
(4) Abstract
It is the epitome of the basic idea of the research report, a brief introduction of the research report and condensed intelligence information, with the purpose of giving others a general understanding of the full text.
(5) Keywords
Keywords refer to the most critical and decisive words in the article. It is the sign and hint of the content, viewpoint, related problems and categories of the article. The number of keywords in an article can vary according to the content of the article, generally 3-8 is appropriate.
(6) Preface
Preface, also known as introduction, introduction, preface or introduction, is the beginning of the research report, that is, the preface. The main content is to ask questions, clarify the central argument or explain the reasons, purposes and methods of the research, or introduce the background, scope and significance of the research, so that others can have a general understanding of the content of the discussion first.
(7) Text
The text, also called this theory, is the core part of the research report. It is the central part of starting a topic, analyzing and demonstrating arguments, and expressing one's own views and research results, accounting for the vast majority of research reports. The content of the text generally includes experimental methods, theoretical basis, experimental results, analysis and discussion. A report can't be without ideas and opinions. Only through scientific and rigorous argumentation can we confirm the rationality and authenticity of our views and convince others. Therefore, it is extremely important to demonstrate the theme of the report.
(8) Conclusion
The conclusion is the end of the research report, that is, the part to solve the problem, which plays an important role ...
Question 10: How to write the paper format and case? No matter what the content is, first of all, the format should be correct, a complete paper, title, abstract (in Chinese and English), table of contents, body (introduction, body and conclusion), thanks and references. The prescribed format, font, paragraph, header and footer must be clear before you start writing. You have finished a fifth of your paper.
Then, choose a topic, you have enough time for your topic, then think carefully, choose a reference with the most mature thinking and you can read more, get ideas from it, determine something with a template nature, and write your own things with it. If time is urgent, just find a reference, and then spell out an article with the literature related to this reference, and then change it.
Writing and language must be academic languages. Be sure to list the outline first, that is, frame the content of each part to ensure that the content is not chaotic, put it in and write it out.
The references are retrieved by China Knowledge Network and downloaded for free on the campus network.
If you don't understand, you can ask.
Please adopt it as appropriate.
I'll give you one. See the annex for a more detailed answer. You may not see it on your mobile phone, so you have to surf the internet on your computer.
FYI