1891on may 27th, Liu Bannong was born in a teacher's family in jiangyin county, Jiangsu province. He learned to read with his father when he was four years old. He entered school at the age of six and entered Hanmolin Primary School from 65438 to 0903 for a new education. 1907 was admitted to Changzhou High School with the first place in Jiangyin County. When I was in middle school, my grades were always among the best. After studying, I began to write and translate. One year before graduation, I dropped out of school for some reason and taught in my hometown Hanmolin Primary School for a short time. In the summer of 19 1 1, she married Zhu Hui, a woman from the same county. 19 1 1 worked as a document in the new revolutionary army after the revolution of 1911. Later, because he was dissatisfied with the chaos in the army, he returned to Jiangyin.
19 12 Spring, Liu Bannong went to Shanghai to sell literature for a living. First, I worked as a text editor in the Ming Kai Society of the New Troupe, and also participated in the performance, editing the script "Many Events". Then, he went to a small newspaper for editing and proofreading. 19 13, Liu Bannong went to Zhonghua Book Company to compile. Published a large number of novels, plays, essays, etc. 19 16, Liu Bannong began to publish articles and translated works in New Youth. He was the first person to publish new poems and essays in New Youth, which was democratic and enlightening. My Opinions on the Improvement of Writing was published in May 19 17. Starting from the definition of writing, I put forward suggestions on the improvement of prose, verse and article form, which made a unique contribution to literary theory. 19 17 autumn, Liu Bannong went to Peking University to teach, and successively served as a preparatory professor of law and science, teaching model essays and general grammar. At the same time, he began to write new poems and creatively introduced dialects and folk songs into poetry creation. 19 17, with Hu Shi, Zhou Zuoren, etc. In, Peking University Novel Research Association was established. Liu Bannong has published "Positive Lessons and Negative Lessons of Popular Novels" and "On China's Inferior Novels", asking people to create new novels. At the initiative of Liu Bannong, on February 19 18 and 1 day, Peking University Monthly published a Brief Introduction to the Collection of Modern and Contemporary Songs of Peking University Nationalities. From 1965438 on May 20th, 2008 to May 22nd, 2009, thousands of folk songs were collected.
The monthly magazine published 148 collected folk songs, edited by Liu Bannong. The rest of the songs were later published in Ballad Weekly. In order to promote the development of the literary revolution, Liu Bannong and Qian wrote a famous "A Double Letter" at 19 18. 19 19 In July, Liu Bannong returned to Jiangyin and collected twenty songs of Jiangyin Boat. At the end of the year, A General Theory of China Grammar was published.
1920 February, Liu Bannong went to study in Europe. First studied at University of London, England, and transferred to Paris University in the summer of 192 1. exist
Abroad, he studied experimental linguistics and devoted himself to the study of Chinese tones. 1924 published the record of echo experiment, which scientifically solved the problem of what echo is. During my stay in Paris, I spent half a year copying the Dunhuang manuscripts collected by the National Library of Paris and sending them back to China for academic research. 1925, Liu Bannong took the exam with his works "Experimental Records of Chinese Pinyin Characters", "A Brief History of the Movement of Mandarin" and a self-made sound meter, obtained a doctorate in French national literature, and was elected as a member of the Parisian Linguistic Society. Experimental Records of Chinese Pinyin Characters was listed as one of the series of the School of Linguistics of Paris University, and won the Constanyine Werner Special Prize in Linguistics on 1925.
1in the autumn of 925, Liu Bannong returned to China as a professor of Chinese Department in Peking University, teaching experimental linguistics and establishing the China Music Law Laboratory. Liu Bannong was the only expert engaged in the study of music law in China at that time. In the winter of the same year, Liu Bannong returned to Jiangyin and collected thirty or forty short songs and two long songs. 1926 published a collection of poems in April, including 22 folk songs and 19 folk songs. In June,
Published a collection of poems, Yang, and collected 98 new poems. After returning to China, Liu Bannong also translated and published the first episode of Foreign Folk Songs, which included 80 folk songs from various countries, La Traviata and other works, and sorted out classic literary works such as He Dian and The Journey to the West. Published the first book of photography art in China, Bannong Tan Ying. 1in the autumn of 927, Liu Bannong was appointed as the head of the Chinese Department of Sino-French University.
1June, 928, co-founded the Beijing Municipal Committee for Temporary Maintenance of Cultural Relics,1Autumn, 928, and was employed as a researcher at the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica. He is also the director of the folk literature and art group of the hospital. /kloc-in the winter of 0/928, the work of interviewing, collecting, sorting and cataloging China folk songs began. 1in the spring of 929, he returned to Peking University to teach, and served as a member of the National Studies Committee of Peking University Research Institute and the editorial board of the National Studies Quarterly.
That autumn, he was the provost and high school director of Fu Jen Catholic University. 1May, 930 concurrently served as Dean of Peking University Women's College. 10 In June, he was elected as a member of the Council of Peking University. In the same year, he translated and published A Summary of Comparative Phonetics by Paul Brazil, a Frenchman, and co-edited A Spectrum of Folklore since the Song and Yuan Dynasties with Li Jiarui, and revised the Indian Fable translated by Liu Beimao. 193 1 Since August, Liu Bannong has been appointed as a professor of Peking University studies and resigned from his off-campus post. In the same year, I reviewed the Introduction to Beijing Folk Songs compiled by Li Jiarui. 1932 Peking University established a research institute, changing the department of Chinese studies into the department of literature and history, with Liu Bannong as the director. This year, Liu's translation of Korean folktales was revised, and an Introduction to China Folk Songs was co-edited, and several papers on phonetics were published. 1934, published the first episode of semi-agricultural essays, and received 45 articles.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/934, Liu Bannong and Bai Di visited the northwest and collected Suiyuan folk songs. Unfortunately, they fell ill and died in Beijing on July 4, 2004. 1935 published the second episode of his posthumous work On Semi-Agriculture, and received 49 articles. 1937 published and translated Suleiman's Travels to the East, which was translated together with Liu Xiaohui.
Liu Bannong made a unique contribution to modern literature and linguistics in China all his life. Great achievements have been made in the creation of new literature, folk literature, drama reform, collation and textual research of classical literature, experimental phonetics, text reform, dictionary construction, grammar research, music research, cultural relics archaeology, photography art and so on. His activities and contributions have been recorded in the annals of modern literature and linguistics.
Liu Bannong left his predecessors' footprints in the history of modern folk literature and art in China.
First, the original advocate of modern folk literature and art.
1918 65438+10, Liu Bannong gave a speech on "positive lessons and negative lessons of popular novels". 1 At the end of the day, Liu Bannong said to Shen, "There are also good articles in ballads. Why don't we collect them?" Shen agreed. The next day, Liu Bannong handed over the proposed articles of association to Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, and Cai Yuanpei handed it over to the official document office. On February 1 day, Peking University Monthly published "A Brief Introduction to Modern Folk Songs of Peking University" drafted by Liu Bannong, which aroused strong response. China's career of collecting folk songs began. With the rise of the ballad research movement, many newspapers and periodicals in China pay attention to folk songs. Subsequently, Gu Jiegang, Wei and other early folk literature and art scholars made a lot of achievements in collecting and studying folk literature and art. 19 19, Liu Bannong personally collected 20 songs of jiangyin boats. 1925, Jiangyin collected dozens of folk songs. During the period of 1928, when Liu Bannong was the director of the Folk Literature and Art Group of the Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, he put forward research plans on ballads and folk songs, legends and stories, proverbs and riddles, and oral English cutting and selling. Later, he led Li Jiarui and others to collect and sort out folk songs, and published 1932 "Summary of China Folk Songs", which included more than 6,000 kinds of folk songs in 11 provinces and regions. Liu Bannong was one of the earliest scholars who advocated folk literature and art during the New Culture Movement in China, and personally collected folk songs. "Since he advocated living language, he pioneered folk songs, and China adopted the style of popular literature and art in modern times, then he started it himself." . The rise and vigorous development of modern folk literature and art in China is inseparable from the early advocate Liu Bannong. His contribution in guiding people to look down and find the original jade from fertile soil should not be underestimated.
Second, he affirmed the value of folk literature and art and paid attention to absorbing the nutrition of folk literature and art. He was the first writer to introduce folk songs into new poetry in the New Culture Movement.
19 18, Liu Bannong affirmed the value of folk literature and popular literature, such as drums, baojuan and songbooks, and demanded to describe people's lives, absorb the nutrition of folk literature and popular literature, and create popular literature. In the preface to the translation of foreign folk songs published in 27 years, Liu Bannong said that he loved folk songs because he had a "broad love, not slender," He also believes that "the composition of ballads is just lip service, not elaborate structure". In this way, folk songs facilitate the free expression of emotions. And this is "the most important element in literature". These understandings were quite progressive and in-depth at that time. Liu Bannong not only wrote articles praising folk songs, but also personally collected folk songs and constantly wrote new poems in dialects and folk songs. 19 19 tried to write "Zhun Er Ge" in Jiangyin dialect, 1920 wrote "Zhun Er Ge" and "Four Folk Songs" in Jiangyin dialect, and 1924 wrote "Zhun Er Ge" in Beijing dialect. In "Guo Zhuang Ji" published by 1925, there are 22 folk poems written by the author and 9 folk songs collected by 19. Liu Bannong respects and loves popular folk literary forms, fully affirms the existence of self-vitality and availability in folk songs, and wants to develop new poetry by this. In the preface of Pot Pot, he said: "The collection is called Pot Pot because I think there are too many' yellow bells' in China ... so I am doing this stupid thing now: I want to try, can I do the best?" Liu Bannong's new poems, quasi-folk songs and quasi-children's songs are not only more popular and colloquial in language, but also absorb more milk from folk oral literature and mass creation in form and custom, and become the flesh and blood of his own works. Liu Bannong is a writer who is familiar with folk literature and art. The dialects, folk songs and children's songs used in his poems were all learned in his mother's arms when he was a child, and he was influenced by folk literature and art since childhood. Regardless of the artistic achievements, the poems in Hu Ji at least provide some valuable references for those who are interested in learning folk literature and popular literature. Moreover, he introduced China folk songs into the poetry circle, and its significance itself is by no means limited to folk literature and folklore. "The poet who adopted folk songs was the first person after Huang Zunxian in Qing Dynasty" (Wei dialect). "You are the first person in China literature to write poems in dialect slang, and also the first successful person. You were accepted.
I can write some gripping love songs, funny songs that make people laugh, women workers' songs that people don't want to read, and flowing songs that make people fascinated under the double restrictions of Yin dialect and' four-sentence folk songs'. Your great literary talent makes me have to admit that I am a poet.
Third, collect and sort out folk songs, and cooperate with others to compile the Summary of China Folk Songs.
Liu Bannong refers to folk songs and folk literature works with music. He said in Preface to the General Catalogue of China Folk Songs: "The difference between ballads and folk songs lies in whether there is music or not. If there is no soundtrack, such as' Zhang while the iron is hot, Li while the iron is hot', it is called a ballad, and if there is a soundtrack, such as' even tune', it is called a folk song. Therefore, the range of folk songs is very wide: from simple three-sentence, five-sentence ditty to long-winded books, and even drum books for talking and singing, so that many people contract to start dancing, among which there are many kinds and high grades. " 1925, Liu Bannong returned to Beijing from France. By chance, he found a large number of East Wang Fu music books in Comte School. Later, he led Li Jiarui and others to collect folk songs, and set about compiling Folk Songs of China. Later, I thought that the collected folk songs were only a part of all the folk songs in China. In order to make it easier to supplement or re-edit in the future, 1932 compiled more than 6,000 collected folk songs into the General Catalogue of China Folk Songs, which was co-edited with Li Jiarui and others. The general catalogue contains folk songs from eleven provinces of Hebei, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Sichuan. The first two lines of each song are copied to see one of the contents. The General Catalogue of China Folk Songs is a reference book of folk literature and art, and the collection of folk literature and art works is unprecedented.
In addition, Liu Bannong is also engaged in the translation of foreign folk songs. The translation of foreign folk songs in the first episode made China people have a better understanding of the world folk songs and promoted the development of folk literature and art.
Liu Tianhua (1895 ~ 1932) was born in Xihengjie, Jiangyin. Outstanding national musician. Father Liu Baoshan is a poor man. Liu Bannong's brother, Liu Beimao's brother. When I was a child, I studied in Hanmolin Primary School and loved music. My home is close to Yongta Temple and Confucius Temple. Whenever monks hold Buddhist ceremonies or spring and autumn festivals, I will listen to the sound of bells, drums and orchestral music, and I will never forget to go home with joy. In the year of Xuantongyuan (1909), I entered Changzhou High School, joined the school's military band, and played the trumpet and flute. Xuantong three years, Wuchang uprising, school suspension, drop out of school to go home. During Jiangyin's recovery, he joined the Youth League to maintain local public order and was in charge of the bugle call. In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), he went to Shanghai with Liu Bannong, worked in the band of Ming Kai Drama Club, joined the Universal Music Team in his spare time, mastered the performance art of various western orchestral instruments, and came up with the idea of improving China music. In 2 years, the drama club was dissolved and unemployment returned. I used to be a music teacher in Chenghua Primary School and Chengxi Primary School. Learn erhu and pipa playing skills from Zhou Shaomei, a master of Gushan silk and bamboo. In the spring of 4 years, my father died and I lost my job. I was driven by poverty and disease. I play erhu every day to express my inner worries and anger, and formed the first draft of Yin in Disease. In the autumn of 4 years, he was hired as a music teacher by Changzhou Alma Mater. Later, in the summer vacation, I went out to find a teacher to learn art and collect folk songs, learned Yingzhou ancient tune from Chongming pipa player Shen Zhaozhou, and went to Kaifeng, Henan Province to learn guqin. 10 returned to jiangyin during the summer vacation and invited music lovers to organize a national music research conference to learn Jiangnan silk and percussion. And invited dozens of famous musicians from China, such as Zhou Shaomei, Huang Zhijun and Che Chen, to perform in public, which achieved great success. 1 1 went to Beijing in and taught in Peking University Music Studio, Beijing Women's Teachers College and Beijing Art Institute. In order to communicate Chinese and Western music theories, enrich the performance art and develop the specialty of China national music, 17 established the National Music Improvement Society and edited Music Magazine. Take erhu as the center, and carry out performance, creation and teaching and research activities. Collect folk music and Jingkun ditty extensively, invite street jugglers to play together in the courtyard, write down tunes, compose new sounds, and improve the national instrumental music erhu and pipa. Drawing lessons from European violin teaching methods, a number of erhu and pipa etudes were created, which made erhu and pipa teaching standardized and scientific. The traditional China scale spectrum is improved scientifically. /kloc-in 0/8, he recorded a vocal score for the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, My Daughter Scattered Flowers and Farewell My Concubine by Mei Lanfang, translated it into a staff, and wrote a score of Mei Lanfang's songs, which was the first time that Beijing opera singing was fixed into a score. 19 19 In February, Liu Tianhua held a concert in the lobby of Beijing Hotel to introduce Chinese folk music to Chinese and foreign musicians and music lovers, and performed representative Erhu songs, Good Night, Walking Bright, Bird in the Empty Mountain, House of Flying Daggers and Overlord. At the end of each song, the audience applauded. 21may 3 1 day, I went to Beijing Tianqiao to dictate gongs and drums, but unfortunately I got scarlet fever. The treatment was ineffective and I died on June 8.