Is the word "if" a translation of that word? Look for the hypothesis of "if" in this sentence. That word means "if". This "if hypothesis" is just a kind of context that readers can feel according to the context.
How can you say the original words and translate every sentence? Both classical Chinese translation and foreign language translation require "faithfulness and elegance" in translation. Faith means loyalty to the original text, expressiveness means fluency in the translated sentences, and elegance means that the translated sentences should be literary and charming. "Righteousness is arbitrary", translated word for word, means: behavior, practice; Take: from; Yu: preposition; Independence: unique and original; Paragraph: judgment.
If a word corresponds to a word, then this behavior comes from a unique point of view. It means that you have a unique introduction to doing things.
The whole sentence is like this: act arbitrarily, do it yourself, and don't give it to villages and towns. In this context, there is a hypothesis. The whole sentence means that if you have original opinions, you can make your own preface, and you don't need to ask the elders or officials in the village to make a preface.
I wish you progress.
2. Invite experts who have opinions on ancient Chinese to teach the first lesson of Tao Te Ching (1) recently.
Names, nicknames, unusual names. Unknown, the beginning of heaven and earth.
Fame is the mother of everything. I often don't want to see its miracle.
There is always a desire to watch. These two names are different.
Also known as "Xuan", Xuan is also mysterious, which is all strange. The second lesson, the staff sergeant is diligent and diligent; The sergeant heard that living is death; The corporal smiled.
If you don't laugh, that's not enough. Some suggestions: If Ming Dow is ignorant, if he enters the Tao, he will retreat; if he is ignorant, he will be piled up.
If you are virtuous, if you are humiliated, if you are not virtuous, if you want to build a heart, if you really save it. Generosity is a late bloomer, and elephants are invisible.
Tao Wuming. My husband is just a Taoist priest, who starts well and ends well.
The third lesson is that people with good human nature are the soul of all things, the treasure of good people and the protection of bad people. Good words can win the market, and respect can increase people.
People are not good, why abandon them? So it's better to sit like this, although there is an arch wall to prepare the horse first. What was the reason why it was so expensive in ancient times? If you don't ask for it, you will be guilty. Therefore, you are the world.
The fourth lesson is that those who are good at building Jiande will not pull out, but those who are good at doing good deeds will not take off. Why do children and grandchildren keep offering sacrifices? The virtue of self-cultivation is real. It is more than virtue to repair the family.
Farming in the countryside is good. Self-cultivation, rich in virtue.
It is a virtue to cultivate it in the world. So, look at the body, look at the home, look at the country, look at the country, look at the world.
How do I know the world is natural? That's it. Lesson 5 An elephant with music makes the world turn.
Go, don't hurt anyone, Anpingtai. Pleasure and bait pass by.
The words of the Tao are tasteless, ignored and used. Lesson 6 Persuade small countries and few people.
Make it useful without using it. Let people die again, and don't migrate far.
Although there are boats, there is nothing to take, although there are soldiers, there is nothing to control, so that the people can use them again. Be willing to eat, wear, live and enjoy.
When neighboring countries confront each other, the voices of chickens and dogs are endless, and the people die of old age. The seventh lesson is to rule the country with righteousness, use troops with strangeness, and take the world with nothing.
How should I know? In this way: there are many taboos in the world and the people are poor; The people have many sharp weapons, and the country is unconscious; Many people are clever, and strange things are born; Many laws, many thieves. Therefore, the sage said: I do nothing and the people are self-centered, I am quiet and the people are self-centered, I do nothing and the people are rich, and I have no desire and the people are simple.
Lesson 8: Be virtuous, not virtuous, but virtuous. Virtue without virtue is virtue without virtue.
Virtue is inaction without thinking. Friedrich Hirth has thought it over.
Ren Shang didn't think about it. Shangyi has thought it over.
If you don't respond to the gift, you will throw it away. So, you lose your virtue, you lose your virtue, then lose your benevolence, then lose your righteousness, and then lose your righteousness.
Rude people, small believers, first chaos. Those who know before, the brilliance of Tao, the beginning of stupidity.
Therefore, a gentleman is thick but not thin. Actually, it is not in China.
So shoot this somewhere else. Lesson 9: Don't worry about studying, but what's the difference between it and ah? What is the difference between beauty and evil? We must not be afraid of what people are afraid of.
Wild, but not in the end! Everyone is bustling, like a prison, like a stage in spring. I am riding alone, like an unborn child.
Everyone has more than enough, only me. I am also a fool's heart. I'm confused. It's clear to laymen that I'm alone.
Laity observation, I am bored alone. Ze Xi is like the sea, and waste Xi is endless.
Everyone has something to recommend, but I am stubborn and contemptuous. I think it's different from others, but I value my mother very much.
The tenth lesson is that Tao is becoming more and more scholarly, and Tao is being lost. Damage and damage, make inaction, inaction and everything.
Take the world, often have nothing, and do something, not enough to take the world. Lesson 11 Heaven never leaves home to know the world, and never peeps into heaven.
It is far away, but it knows very little. Knowing that a saint can't do it, he doesn't see it.
Lesson 12: Governing the country is the way. If you don't know the people, you will be stupid.
The reason why people are difficult to treat is because of wisdom. Therefore, governing the country with knowledge is a thief of national subjugation.
Ignorant rule the country is the blessing of the country. Knowing these two things, knowing their shapes and often knowing their shapes is called Xuande.
Xuande is far away. It backfired! Then even Dashun.
Lesson 13 The knower doesn't talk, but the speaker doesn't know. Having fun, closing its doors, defeating its sharpness, resolving its points, and bringing its light and dust are called metaphysics.
So, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. Therefore, you are the world.
Lesson 14: Virtue is not Shang Xian, so that the people do not dispute. Things that are not expensive or rare make people less thieves.
If you can't see it, keep the hearts of the people. It is the rule of saints, which can hollow out their hearts, strengthen their bellies, weaken their aspirations and strengthen their bones.
It often makes the people ignorant and have no desire, leaving their husbands at a loss. If you do nothing, you will die.
Lesson 15 Colorful colors make people blind. Five tones are not deaf.
Five flavors are refreshing. It's maddening to run hunting.
Rare things are an obstacle. Is a saint.
For the stomach, not for the purpose, so go somewhere else to get this. Lesson 16 Doing nothing is often doing nothing without thinking.
Marquis can keep it, everything is self-made, and it is not done. I will make this city nameless, make this city nameless.
Husband will have nothing to ask for, so it is better to be quiet and let the world decide. Lesson 17: I am corrupt. Everyone in the world says I am corrupt.
The husband is only big, so he is greedy. If Xiao, it will be good for a long time.
I have three treasures that I hold and protect: one is kindness, the other is frugality, and the third is not being the first in the world. Kindness can make you brave, frugality can make you broad, and you can be a good teacher if you dare to be the first in the world.
Today, I am kind and brave, frugal and broad, and I forget my life. Fu Ci takes war as victory and rules as solid.
God will save it and defend it with mercy. Lesson 18 Fear of death, people are not afraid of death, but are afraid of death! People will be surprised if they are always afraid of death.
I'm going to punish it with it. Who dares? There are always killers, killing people. Fu kills people, kills people.
This means playing a master craftsman. I hope I don't hurt my hand.
Lesson 19 Are People Afraid of Power? That would be great. No place to live, no pressure of life.
Why don't you press it? Don't press it. Therefore, saints know that they don't see themselves, and self-love is not expensive.
So shoot this somewhere else. Lesson 20 Good people and saints are fickle and take people's hearts as their heart.
Good, I'm good. I'm also good at the bad ones.
Good believers, I believe.
I believe what I don't believe. Sindh province
Sages are in the world: for the world, people care about their brothers and sisters, and saints are sons. Lesson 2 1 Good deeds have no track.
Good words are flawless. You don't have to plan to be good at numbers.
It doesn't matter whether it's good or bad, so it can't be opened. If you are good at bundling cordless contracts, you can't solve it.
Therefore, a saint is always good at saving others, so he never abandons others. Always good at keeping things, so I didn't abandon them.
It means very clear.
3. When reading, how can we have original opinions and understand the writing method of the article? 1. Grasping words and phrases to read the text, you can find and grasp the meaning, sentence meaning and expression function, especially the meaning and expression function of important words and key sentences. The ability to understand word meaning focuses on the ability to understand contextual meaning. When we read an article, we must contact the context and try to understand it carefully. Accurately grasp its contextual meaning. Understanding the meaning and function of sentences is an important part of reading comprehension. The meaning of a sentence mainly refers to the meaning contained in the sentence and the emotion expressed. The function of a sentence refers to the purpose and effect of the sentence to express the will and emotion of the article. To interpret a sentence, we must put it in a specific language environment and connect it with the main idea of the whole article in order to interpret it correctly. Second, different styles of thinking have different ways. The way of thinking in narrative refers to the clues of content presentation and emotional expression, such as the clues of things development, people's activities and emotional evolution. The thinking of argumentative writing refers to the internal logical connection of viewpoints, such as raising questions → analyzing problems → solving problems, or raising arguments → demonstrating arguments → drawing conclusions; The way of thinking in expository writing is the order of explanation. To sort out the thinking mode of the article and clarify the level of the article, it is necessary to correctly divide the article (including a certain part) into hierarchical paragraphs, and at the same time tell the basis for the division. Third, the overall understanding of the so-called overall understanding is to interpret the article by analyzing, comparing, questioning and summarizing according to the original knowledge and ability, and grasp the content, theme and expression form of the article. Understanding is a multidimensional and complicated thing, while expression. With questions and exploration, the degree of understanding will continue to deepen. Therefore, from the overall understanding, not only the contents involved are very extensive, but also the forms of test questions are varied, and the depth and level are also very different. Some need to be summarized and some need to be analyzed. In recent years, there are four main types of questions in overall understanding: screening information, understanding connotation and summarizing analysis content. Filtering information is the shallowest thinking activity in reading comprehension, and generally you only need to find the relevant content from the article. Sometimes it needs to be extracted from the whole article for processing. The information in the narrative is mainly narrative elements, such as the time, place and characters of the event. The cause, process and result of the matter. The information to be filtered in the explanatory text is the characteristics of the object and the materials cited around the characteristics of the thing. The information screening of argumentative essays focuses on the arguments, arguments and arguments of the articles. This information is all ready-made in the article. Understanding the connotation is to understand and understand the specific content and theme of the article. When reading an article, you must really understand its connotation, not simply extract the ready-made words in the article. But explain it in your own words. Some studies have pointed out that explaining the content of the article with self-organized sentences can deepen the understanding of the text and promote the emergence of new ideas. Therefore, the senior high school entrance examination questions attach great importance to the assessment of understanding connotation, requiring candidates to understand connotation from multiple angles according to the text and their own interpretation, and to examine students' understanding of the text. Such questions generally focus on the understanding of profound and meaningful chapters. Understanding the writing intention and title of an article is a very important ability. Some people even assert that a person's reading ability is mainly reflected in the ability to summarize. A strong understanding will inevitably grasp the main points of the article, on the contrary, it will inevitably fail to grasp the main points and themes of the article. Moreover, generalization can not only examine students' ability to distinguish between key and non-key, essential and non-essential in reading. But also can test students' ability to express in concise and accurate language. It can be seen that generalization plays an important role in modern Chinese reading. So almost every test paper has a topic that summarizes the main points. The summary of narrative mainly includes the content, the center and the ideological quality of the characters. Argumentative writing is to summarize arguments, divide arguments and summarize factual arguments; Explanatory text mainly summarizes the characteristics of things. The narrative content can be summarized by elements, * * extraction, keyword grabbing and other methods. The central idea of induction can generally start from the aspects of article structure level, character events, article title, beginning or end, article discussion, lyricism and so on. Analysis is a concrete thinking activity. In reading, the analysis of the article focuses on the relationship between the specific content and the expression theme, the relationship between the words and deeds of the characters and the expression of their thoughts and characters, the writing methods and expression functions used in the article, etc. The analysis questions focus on the reasons, functions and relationships behind specific materials. On the premise of grasping the article (perfect gift), this test requires students to analyze Professor Guo's "deception", that is, the function of concealing the truth that there is no water in the water bag on the way to the desert and its enlightenment to life: giving the team members the courage and confidence to overcome death and get out of the desert at that time; Encourage people to overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles in their future lives. Fourth, experience the experience, that is, when reading, immerse yourself in the scene of the text, try to figure out the inner thoughts and emotional activities of the characters in the text according to your own life experience, and feel the scenes and characters in the text, thus arousing the feelings of * * * *. Conscious emotional experience can enhance readers' emotional activities and let readers go deep into the inner world of the characters. Experience the inner feelings of the characters, so as to further understand the article and cultivate sentiment. Feeling means feeling emotionally and ideologically. Reading is to feel the ideological content of the work on the basis of understanding the content of the article. By combining experience with one's own thoughts, we can truly realize the inspiration of the work to nature, society and life from the heart. So as to get emotional edification and spiritual fit. This is the realm of reading pursuit. A prominent feature of reading comprehension questions is that we must contact the text, the practice and ourselves. For example, in the senior high school entrance examination in Shanghai in 2007, choose a scene ("Old Begonia Tree") that touched you most in the text and write a feeling of about 80 words. The key to improving understanding ability is to feel deeply, clearly and fully.
4. What does "original view" mean? Original point of view [dú dào jiàn ji]: refers to a person who has a unique vision and is different from others.
Make sentences:
1. These young people have original ideas and are brave in innovation. They are really awesome after they die!
Your comments on this book are really incisive and original.
reference data
What does "original opinion" mean? Baidu knows [reference time 2018-1-13]
5. When reading, how can we have original opinions and understand the writing of the article? 1. Grasping words and phrases to read the text, you can find and grasp the meaning, sentence meaning and expression function of the text, especially the meaning and expression function of important words and key sentences.
To examine the ability to understand the meaning of words, the focus is on the ability to understand the meaning of context. When reading an article, we must understand the meaning of the word dictionary, contact the context, carefully understand and try to figure out, and accurately grasp its contextual meaning.
Understanding the meaning and function of sentences is an important content in reading comprehension. The meaning of a sentence mainly refers to the meaning contained in the sentence and the emotion expressed; The function of a sentence refers to the purpose and effect of the sentence expressing the will and emotion of the article.
To interpret a sentence, we must put it in a specific language environment and connect it with the main idea of the whole article in order to interpret it correctly. Second, clear your mind. The style of the article is different.
Narrative thinking refers to clues of content presentation and emotional expression, such as clues of things development, clues of characters' activities and clues of emotional evolution. The thinking of argumentative writing refers to the internal logical connection of viewpoints, such as raising questions → analyzing problems → solving problems, or raising arguments → demonstrating arguments → drawing conclusions; The idea of expository writing is the order of explanation. To sort out the thinking of the article and clarify the level of the article, we should not only correctly divide the article (including a certain part) into hierarchical paragraphs, but also tell the basis for the division.
Third, the overall understanding of the so-called understanding is to interpret the article according to the original knowledge and ability, using the methods of analysis, comparison, questioning and generalization, and grasp the content, theme and expression of the article. Understanding is a multi-dimensional and complex thing, which is manifested in different degrees. With questions and exploration, the degree of understanding will continue to deepen.
Therefore, in the overall understanding of this point, not only the contents involved are very extensive, but also the forms of test questions are varied, and the depth and level are also very different. Some need shallow understanding, some need summary, and some need analysis.
In recent years, there are four kinds of questions in overall understanding: screening information, understanding connotation and summarizing analysis content. Filtering information is the shallowest thinking activity in reading comprehension, and generally only needs to find out the relevant content from the article.
Sometimes it is necessary to extract and process the whole article. The information in the narrative is mainly the narrative elements, such as the time, place and person of the event, the reason, process and result of the event.
The information to be filtered in the explanatory text is to explain the characteristics of the object and the cited materials around the characteristics of things. The information screening of argumentative essays focuses on the arguments, sub-arguments and arguments of the articles.
This information is readily available in the article. Understanding connotation means understanding and understanding the specific content and theme of the article.
When reading an article, we must really understand its connotation, not simply extract the ready-made words in the article, but elaborate them in our own words. Some studies have pointed out that using self-organized sentences to explain the content of an article can deepen the understanding of the text and promote the emergence of new ideas.
Therefore, the senior high school entrance examination questions attach great importance to the assessment of understanding connotation, requiring candidates to understand connotation from multiple angles according to the text and their own interpretation, and to examine students' understanding of the text. This kind of test questions generally focus on the understanding of profound and meaningful chapters, writing intentions and article titles.
Generalization is a very important ability. Some people even assert that a person's reading ability is mainly reflected in his generalization ability.
If you have a strong understanding ability, you will be able to correctly grasp the main points of the article. On the contrary, you will not be able to correctly grasp the main points and themes of the article. Moreover, generalization can not only examine students' ability to distinguish between important and non-important, essential and non-essential, but also examine students' ability to express in concise and accurate language.
It can be seen that generalization plays an important role in modern text reading. So almost every test paper has a topic that summarizes the main points.
Narrative overview mainly includes the content of narrative, the center of narrative and the ideological quality of characters; Argumentative writing is to summarize arguments, divide arguments and summarize factual arguments; Explanatory text mainly summarizes the characteristics of things. The narrative content can be summarized by elements, extracted by * * *, and captured by keywords. The central idea of induction can generally start with the article structure, people and things, article title, beginning or end, article discussion, lyricism and so on.
Analysis is a concrete thinking activity. In reading, the analysis of the article focuses on the relationship between the specific content of the article and the expression theme, the relationship between the words and deeds of the characters and the expression of their ideological character, and the relationship between the writing methods used in the article and the expression function.
The analysis questions focus on the reasons, functions and relationships behind specific materials. For example, the 2004 Shanghai senior high school entrance examination question: Why is Professor Guo's "scam" "the most perfect gift in the world"? On the premise of grasping the article (perfect gift), this test requires students to analyze Professor Guo's "deception", that is, the function of concealing the truth that there is no water in the water bag on the way to the desert and its enlightenment to life: giving the team members the courage and confidence to overcome death and get out of the desert at that time; Encourage people to overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles in their future lives.
Fourth, experience experience, that is, when reading, immerse yourself in the scene of the text, try to figure out the inner thoughts and emotional activities of the characters in the text according to your own life experience, and feel the scenes and characters in the text, thus attracting a sense of * * *. Conscious emotional experience can enhance readers' emotional activities, let readers go deep into the inner world of the characters and experience their inner feelings, so as to further understand the article and cultivate their sentiments.
Understanding means feeling and understanding emotionally and ideologically. Reading refers to feeling the ideological content of the work on the basis of understanding the content of the article, combining experience with one's own thoughts, and truly understanding the inspiration of the work to nature, society and life from the heart, so as to obtain emotional edification and spiritual harmony.
This is the realm of reading pursuit. A prominent feature of reading comprehension questions is that we must contact the text, the practice and ourselves.
For example, in 2007, the senior high school entrance examination in Shanghai: Choose a scene (Old Begonia Tree) that touched you most in the text and write a feeling of about 80 words. The key to improving the perception ability is to feel deeply, clearly and fully.
Fifth, appreciate.