The core data of this paper: R&D expenses of listed companies in energy storage industry; Number of published papers on energy storage
Description of full-text statistical caliber: 1) Statistics on the number of papers published are based on "energy"
With "storage" as the key word, select "China" and "paper" for filtering. 2) The statistical time is as of August 29th, 2022. 3) If there is any special statistical caliber, an explanation will be made at the bottom of the chart.
General situation of energy storage industry technology
1, definition and classification of energy storage
Definition of (1) energy storage
Broadly speaking, energy storage is energy storage, which refers to the cyclic process of storing one energy form in the same form, or converting it into another energy form through a certain medium or equipment, and releasing it in a specific energy form according to the needs of future applications.
In a narrow sense, energy storage refers to the storage of electric energy, that is, a series of technologies and measures to store the generated energy by chemical or physical methods and release it when necessary.
(2) Classification of energy storage
According to the different storage media of different energy storage technologies, energy storage is mainly divided into mechanical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, thermal energy storage, chemical energy storage and electromagnetic energy storage. Using these energy storage technologies, electric energy is stored in the form of mechanical energy, chemical energy and thermal energy, and fed back to the power grid in time.
2. Technical panorama: subdivide five technical routes.
Energy storage is divided into five technical routes: mechanical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, thermal energy storage and chemical energy storage.
The technological development of energy storage industry began in 1960s.
Since the technical development of China's energy storage industry began in 1960s, China began to study pumped storage power stations, and established the first hybrid pumped storage power station-Gangnan Hydropower Station. By the 1990s, the construction of pumped storage power station reached its climax. At the beginning of the 20th century, China began to study other energy storage technologies, including compressed air energy storage and electrochemical energy storage. After 20 10, the development of energy storage technologies such as compressed air and all-vanadium flow battery accelerated, and the diversified development of energy storage technologies accelerated.
Technical policy background of energy storage industry: policy blessing and technical level improvement
In recent years, China has issued a series of policies related to the technical development of energy storage industry, which has accelerated the development of energy storage industry chain, standardized the key technologies of energy storage, and steadily improved the level of energy storage technology.
Present situation of energy storage industry technology development
1. Investment Status of Energy Storage Industry Technology Research
(1) National Key R&D Plan Project
According to the published national R&D key projects, there are 27 national R&D key projects related to energy storage industry technology in China from 20 18-202 1, of which 22 are from 202 1.
Note: National R&D key projects related to energy storage industry technology were not announced in 20 19.
(2) R&D expenses of A-share listed companies
After years of development, energy storage projects have been widely used in the energy storage industry, and the overall R&D investment level of the industry is relatively high. From the A-share market, from 20 17 to 202 1, the total R&D expenses of listed companies in China's energy storage sector increased year by year. In the first quarter of 2022, the total R&D expenses of listed companies in the energy storage industry was about 22.845 billion yuan.
2, energy storage industry technology research and innovation achievements
(1) Number of published papers
Judging from the number of papers published on energy storage, the number of papers published on energy storage in China has been increasing year by year since 20 10, which shows that the heat of energy storage research continues to rise. As of August 2022, 90,294 papers on energy storage have been published in China.
Note: The statistical time is as of August 2022.
(2) Hot spots of technological innovation
By innovating the word cloud, we can understand the most popular technical keywords in the field of energy storage technology and analyze the latest key research and development topics in this field. The most common keywords in the recent 5,000 patents in this technical field were extracted by Wisdom Bud, among which the keywords such as energy storage system and energy storage battery involved a large number of patents, indicating that the recent research and development and innovation in the energy storage field focused on energy storage systems, energy storage batteries and other fields.
(3) patent focus field
From the focus field of technology patents in energy storage industry, the focus field of technology patents in energy storage industry is obvious, mainly focusing on energy storage systems, energy storage batteries and so on.
Comparative analysis of main energy storage industry technologies
Judging from the maturity of energy storage technology, the current mechanical energy storage market is relatively mature, and electrochemical energy storage technology (in energy storage batteries) lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries have entered a mature stage; Flow battery is still in the stage of research and development; Sodium-sulfur battery is in the deployment stage.
Among them, the advantages, disadvantages and application fields of the main energy storage technologies with high maturity are as follows:
Pain points and breakthroughs in the development of energy storage technology
1, the pain of the development of energy storage technology
(1) costs more.
The cost problem is one of the challenges faced by energy storage technology at present. Take lithium-ion battery as an example, although the cost of lithium-ion battery has decreased with the rapid improvement of lithium-ion battery technology and the improvement of battery scale production capacity; However, compared with other energy storage methods, the cost of lithium-ion batteries is still at a high level. Comparing the life cycle power cost of pumped storage and lithium iron phosphate battery, the cost of lithium ion battery is much higher than that of pumped storage, which is about 1.7 times of the power cost of pumped storage.
(2) security issues
Safety is the key problem to be solved in the development of energy storage. In recent years, there have been many safety accidents of energy storage power stations at home and abroad, most of which are lithium battery energy storage. According to incomplete statistics, in 20021year, there were 9 energy storage safety accidents in the world, among which the "416" fire and explosion accident of Beijing Dahongmen energy storage power station was caused by internal short circuit of lithium battery.
(3) the restriction of geographical environment
The limitation of geographical environment is also a big challenge for the development of energy storage technologies, such as pumped storage and compressed air storage. Taking the construction of pumped storage power station as an example, we should first fully consider the local geological conditions and natural conditions, such as conglomerate, sandstone and other underground rocks, and there are no hidden dangers such as earthquakes, typhoons, floods and droughts. Secondly, the construction of pumped storage power station also requires the height difference and horizontal distance between the upper and lower reservoirs.
2. Breakthrough development of energy storage technology
(1) Flow battery is expected to solve the safety problem.
Flow battery has the advantages of high safety, long service life and large scale, which is expected to solve the safety hidden trouble of lithium ion battery.
(2) Modular energy storage technology breaks through geographical restrictions.
At present, many researchers and companies are studying how to make energy storage technology break through geographical restrictions. Modular deployment can break through hot rock energy storage, iron-air battery, liquid-air energy storage and other technologies, and realize modular deployment, which can bring many benefits to long-term energy storage.
Development direction and trend of energy storage technology: diversification of technical routes
The Tenth Five-Year Development Plan for New Energy Storage points out that it is necessary to promote diversified technology development and carry out pilot demonstrations of different technology routes. Among them, lithium-ion batteries are required to develop in the direction of high safety, low cost and long life. In addition, it is also proposed to focus on the development of long-term energy storage technologies such as flow battery, metal-air battery and thermal energy storage.
Forward-looking Carbon Neutralization Strategy Research Institute focuses on the policies, technologies and products in the field of carbon neutrality, aiming at the forefront of international science and technology, serving the country's major strategic needs, carrying out organized and planned scientific research around "carbon neutrality", promoting the transformation and popularization of carbon neutrality technological achievements, finding technological breakthroughs for enterprise innovation, and providing strategic path management consulting and technical consulting for carbon dioxide emission peaks and carbon neutrality for governments at all levels. Dean Dr. Xu Wenqiang graduated from the University of California, Berkeley. For more than 20 years, we have been deeply involved in basic research, product development and industrialization in the fields of low-carbon clean energy and green materials. He has 55 patents and 33 papers, and has put more than 30 products on the market, creating a commercial value of 5 billion yuan, focusing on clean energy research such as hydrogen energy, solar energy and energy storage.
The above data refer to Prospective Industry Research Institute's Technical Trend Prospective and Investment Value Strategic Consulting Report of Lithium Battery Industry.