I hope you are satisfied!
First, the waterfall hanging writing-writing from a height
The beginning of the article should be extraordinary, that is, a blockbuster, so that readers can read the article like hiking. "The first thing that catches your eye is a snow-white shining waterfall", which immediately attracts readers' attention and has a desire to read the full text.
According to the principle of hanging from the pen, putting forward the highest-level argument at the beginning of the article, using the most eye-catching language, and combining high-level ideas with appropriate strategies in language expression can enhance persuasiveness and appeal, make commentators feel good and have a positive effect on the following.
Second, the way to focus and highlight the problem-ink in the bright place
After writing, it is a problem, which shows that the object of this article is generally to point out the existing problems, not to solve them. The effective way to point out the problem is aboveboard and full of ink. We should start with the bright spots, that is, the positive aspects such as achievements, progress and advantages, say the bright spots first, and then talk about the dark side; Talk more about achievements and less about problems; Praise more and report less. By allocating the words "achievement" and "question" reasonably, the focus of the discussion is on the bright spot of "achievement", which lays a positive tone for the full text, and finally points to the solution of the problem, which is not only conducive to the cohesion of the context, but also leaves a good impression on the commentators of "proper writing, good words and suitability for being an official".
Third, the winding path leads to seclusion-another method.
The main part of the article, namely the argument part, is an important part of the applied article, and the main length of the article is concentrated here. Candidates should reflect the uniqueness of the article in this part. The main clause of the sub-argument is very important, which is convenient for the examiner to grasp the author's argument in a short time. However, many candidates' sub-topic sentences are incomplete, too simple, and have the suspicion of template. For example, "Strengthening laws and regulations is the key to * *" and "Science and technology is the key to * *", and 80% of candidates use words such as premise, foundation, guarantee and key, which are monotonous. No matter what topic you encounter, this argument is always tried and tested, but it can't reflect the differences and advantages.
Without water, there is no road to doubt, and there is another village. You only need to make a small change to this topic sentence, which will look more professional and better reflect your personality characteristics. For example:
1. Add a modifier before the countermeasure object of the sub-argument to show professionalism. Such as "strengthening the laws and regulations of network supervision" and "increasing the research and development of network filtering technology". , express clear pertinence, rather than reciting routines.
2. Diversification of verbs. The word "strengthen" is too simplistic, so we can use words like "increase", "strengthen", "attach importance to", "perfect" and "perfect".
3. Diversification of words expressing meaning. Besides "premise", "foundation", "guarantee" and "key", more words can be used to avoid repetition.
Such as "key", "core" and "grasping".
Three words "booster", "focus" and "breakthrough".
Four words: main attack direction, source of strength, strong guarantee, strategic focus, important way, fundamental way out, necessary conditions, urgent tasks and key links.
Fourth, the successful method of pen collection-icing on the cake
Almost without exception, applied articles are written for problems, and the fundamental purpose is to solve problems. The countermeasure in the text is the solution to the problem, and whether it is solved or not is not determined by the countermeasure itself. At the end of the article, whether the problem can be solved is attributed to the solution of the problem, so as to analyze and predict or expect the satisfactory solution of the problem and end the whole article.
Finally, on the basis of the existing countermeasures, further suggestions, measures and prospects are put forward to show the trend and prospect of problem solving. In short, starting from a height, focusing on the highlights, collecting pens under strong light, and carefully designing them will leave a positive impression on readers, which not only dilutes the negative impact of the problems discussed in the article, but also reflects the positive tone of "complete success" of red-headed documents.
2. There are several main links in composition teaching. Composition is a comprehensive training for students to use language, reflect objective reality, express emotions and cultivate their writing ability. Composition level is an important objective sign to measure students' Chinese level. As far as the important way to improve the writing level is concerned, observation, organization, thinking and writing always run through it.
When guiding students to observe, teachers should not only put forward specific observation requirements, but also teach students specific observation methods. Observation and thinking are closely linked, and observation is the basis of thinking. Let children open their minds, expand their association, screen and reorganize the observed materials, and at the same time grasp the arrangement of key materials, carefully design and rationally conceive. The combination of reading and writing strengthens the training of reading in daily teaching and intentionally transfers in writing, which not only guides writing, but also promotes the deepening and sublimation of reading. In practice, we need to acquire specific training methods and accumulation methods. Students have no accumulated life, and exercises naturally have nothing to say. In fact, life is vast, and writing materials are inexhaustible. It is very important for educators to guide students to observe.
Stimulate students' internal driving force in writing. Comment on diaries is to cultivate students' comprehensive ability, because interest is the best teacher. Keeping a diary makes students stop writing novels, and the combination of the two further improves their writing ability. How to give full play to students' subjective initiative in composition teaching in primary schools is a problem that everyone is concerned about at present. I think that changing the methods and means of information transmission in composition teaching can effectively mobilize students' writing enthusiasm, promote the construction of students' cognitive structure and strengthen their inner experience by combining "multimedia" with the whole process of composition teaching. Teachers should change their ideas from "correcting students' compositions" to "guiding students to correct their own compositions" and pay attention to cultivating students' ability to correct their own compositions.
3. Writing is mainly divided into several steps. Writing materials should be "three cleanups" and "three buckles"
In recent two years, people have paid more and more attention to the form of composition of college entrance examination materials. Because of its diverse forms and rich test sites, it can arouse candidates' desire to write, and it is favored by the senior high school entrance examination, which is likely to replace the "topic" composition.
Generally speaking, the content of material composition is divided into two categories, one is "topic-based" material. To express a relatively centralized center or a relatively clear semantic direction in a given paragraph of text, after we sum up this center, we will conceive and write according to the "center", which is completely around the "material". We regard this material composition as a "topic" composition, but we have more links to refine the center. The other is a "selective" material. Show several aspects of a given topic in a given text. Candidates only need to choose one aspect to write. This form is more common in "proverbs" and "words of philosophers".
In the face of flexible forms of expression and colorful text content, candidates often can't grasp the fundamentals of the materials, which leads to off-topic and off-topic composition, which becomes a difficult point for candidates. In fact, it is not difficult to write a good material composition. In the face of materials, candidates should be "calm", abandon all impetuous emotions and adjust their writing state-this is the premise of writing a good composition.
The examination of questions should be "three clear"
1. Read the material clearly and understand the content. When reading materials, we should pay attention to judge what kind of materials this material belongs to, specifically understand the content of the whole material, and really understand the material. This link focuses on grasping the materials as a whole.
2. Clear up the content and refine the center. This link is the key to decide whether to digress, so we must take it seriously. On the basis of understanding the content of the article as a whole, if it is "topic-based" content, it is necessary to summarize its center and clarify the main idea of the material, which is the theme to be determined in writing; If it is "selective" content, you need to choose a point to determine the main direction of this point, so as to determine the writing theme of the composition.
3. See clearly the requirements and standardize the writing. After reading the materials, you must not ignore the "writing requirements". The requirements after material description need to be read carefully. If there are words such as "based on materials" and "combined materials", it is best to reflect the content or shadow of the materials skillfully in the composition, which is what we usually call "quoting materials", but when quoting materials, it is forbidden to copy them mechanically; If there is no such requirement, it can be quoted or not. Then look at the specific writing requirements, and make clear the limitations of the composition in terms of the proposed topic, style, writing method and number of words. And then write in a standardized way, and never "cross the line".
The idea should be "three buckles"
1. Deduct the materials to clarify the theme of the article. Theme is the soul of the article and the main link to the materials, so the theme in the composition must be distinct and prominent, which is a necessary condition for writing an excellent composition. Whether narrative or argumentative, the theme should be directly related to the given material and reflected in all parts of the composition (beginning, middle and end), so it is particularly important to design the "topic" when conceiving.
2. Deduct the theme and clarify the key points of the article. If you want to write an argumentative essay, the argument of the central argument is undoubtedly the focus of the full text; If you want to write a narrative, the key part is the part that embodies the theme of the article most intensively. This part of the description should be as rich and vivid as possible to clarify its position in the article and further highlight the theme of the article.
3. Buckle the center of gravity and clarify the highlights of the article. The highlight of the article is the most attractive place, which can be the selection of materials, plot conception, language expression, rhetoric application and so on. No matter what, in short, candidates need to make clear the highlights of the article while effectively highlighting the theme, so that the composition will add a lot of color.
Writing content is the link of our composition practice. 1. It is a "systematic project" to think carefully and write a graduation thesis seriously. Before you formally start writing, you should think about the article and check whether all the preparations are fully prepared.
First of all, we must clarify the theme. The theme is the commander-in-chief of the article, so you must think very clearly before writing.
Liu Xizai, a Qing Dynasty man, said, "Every article can be summarized in one sentence. It's a thousand words when it's expanded, and a word when it's reserved. The so-called master is also. "
The author should think about whether the theme of his article can be summarized in one sentence. If the subject is unknown, you should never start writing.
Second, it is clear thinking. Train of thought is the thread and track of people's thinking progress, and it is the internal foundation of structure.
Before you start writing, you should think clearly about how to ask questions, how to analyze problems, how to solve problems and what materials to use. Third, establish a model.
The so-called "pattern" is the framework, outline and outline of the full text. Think well before you start writing, such as how many parts the full text is divided into, what levels it has, what to say first, what to say later, where to be detailed and where to omit it, and have a general idea from beginning to end.
Fourth, prepare the required materials and find all kinds of facts, data, quotations, etc. Keep it at hand, so as not to look for it when you use it and interrupt your thinking. Fifth, arrange the writing time and place.
Writing requires a relatively concentrated time and a relatively quiet environment, so as to concentrate on completing the graduation thesis writing task. The ancients said, "If you stand in front, you can learn from behind."
Mr. Lu Xun once said, sit tight and learn by heart; Concentrate on your thoughts and wave your hand. If you are well prepared, you will write quickly.
Some people don't pay attention to the preparation before writing, and they are eager to write when they only have a superficial understanding of the object they are writing. In the process of writing, they "design and construct", which makes the order upside down, messy, done or delayed, and the result is slow progress. Therefore, we should think carefully before drafting and be careful to put pen to paper.
2 In one go, don't pay attention to the "section". Before you start writing, you should make full preparations. Once you start writing, you should stick to it in one breath and take out the first draft in the shortest time. This is the secret of many writers.
Some people like to chew words repeatedly when writing articles, think about words while writing, and stop to look up words that can't be remembered in the dictionary for a long time. In this way, it is easy to interrupt the train of thought.
In fact, the first draft might as well be a little thicker, with some flaws in materials or words, as long as it has nothing to do with the overall situation. Don't change it for the time being. It's not too late to deal with it after all the first drafts are written.
This is what Lu Xun did. In his letter to Ye Zi, he said: The previous composition method of ten steps and nine turns back is very wrong, that is, I constantly don't believe in myself-the result is definitely impossible. After setting the pattern in the future, continue to write, no matter what rhetoric, don't look back.
Wait until you finish writing, put it aside for a few days, then look back, delete a few words and change a few words. On the way to creation, while refining words, I really want to interrupt my interest.
When translating, if you can't think of the right words, just keep translating. I will consider them in the future. Otherwise, you can stop most of the day because of one sentence.
This is Lu Xun's experience, and it is also very enlightening for students to write their graduation thesis. 3. Do what should be done and stop at what should be done. Su Wan, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, said when talking about his prose creation: "My prose is like a thousand oblique springs, pouring out at random.
Caring about the land, gurgling, although there is no difficulty in a day's work; And its twists and turns with rocks, shapes are everywhere and unknown. The knower always does what he should do, and often stops at what he can't do, that's all. "
Su Wan was one of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His composition is like running water, elusive and beyond the reach of others. But his conclusion that "do what you should do, stop at what you can't stop" is universally applicable.
"Do what you should do" requires the author to be clear about what he should say when writing, regardless of pen and ink. For example, the background of an article, the ins and outs of a thing, the nature and characteristics of a thing, etc. If you are unfamiliar to the reader, you should make it clear and explain it clearly in the article, but you can't simplify it at will, which will damage the meaning of the article and lead to the defect of inaccurate carelessness.
"Stop at what you can't stop", that is to say, don't write one more word, but "cherish ink as gold". When you are in love, you are free and unrestrained, and you are unwilling to give up what you love. It is bound to be flourishing, lengthy and procrastinating, and even the problem of "writing a thousand words and pulling Wan Li" will appear.
Don't write hard if you can't write. Lu Xun put forward eight rules for writing articles in the article "Answering Questions from Beidou Magazine", the second of which is: "If you can't write, don't write hard". This is very reasonable.
There are various reasons why I can't write it: or I don't fully understand what I said, but I just stay on the surface and fail to go deep into its essence through the phenomenon; Or the problems discussed are not thoroughly analyzed, and they are not analyzed from different levels and angles, only one thing is not as good as the rest; Or the materials are not enough, or the theme, structure and language expression of the article are not well thought out, etc., which can make the article impossible to write. "I can't write" only exposes the problems in my writing, which is not necessarily a bad thing.
It shows that the preparatory work is not done well and the writing time is not mature. At this time, we should stop wisely, carefully analyze the reasons why we can't write, review all aspects of writing, and find out the crux of the problem.
If it is a material problem, further materials need to be collected; If it is a question of cognition, we should re-recognize the writing object with Marxist standpoint, viewpoint and method. "Don't write hard" doesn't mean you can't write any more.
As long as we find out the reasons, prescribe the right medicine and overcome the obstacles in writing, there will be a new realm of "there is no way to recover from doubts and recover from another village" Example of how to write graduation thesis: Self-taught undergraduate students (including undergraduate students and independent undergraduate course students) should write graduation thesis (graduation project for engineering majors and clinical practice for medical majors) and reply examination after passing the examination results of various professional courses.
Graduation thesis writing and defense examination is one of the important links to obtain the undergraduate diploma of higher education self-study examination.
5. How to write a composition? First, learn to extract.
"Ask the canal to be so clear, because there is running water at the source." The source of composition is naturally our daily life, but other people's wonderful articles are actually a source of our composition. An article may contain a period of the author's life, an article may contain an opinion of the author, and an article may express some feelings of the author. Learning to extract is the accumulation of another life. Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, advocated: "Broad horizons, more accumulation and less progress." This shows that accumulating material is the premise of writing. Students who are determined to overcome their writing difficulties should have a notebook for excerpts and comments. What can be abstracted at least includes the following contents: 1, famous sayings (poems and essays), epigrams, proverbs, aphorisms and beautiful sentences (referring to sentences with healthy contents by using various rhetorical devices such as parallelism, exaggeration and duality); 2、
Lively and lively spoken English; 3. Typical people and things; 4. incisive and original opinions; 5、
Wonderful depiction fragments; 6. Characteristic jingles ... On this basis, it is a step further than extracting in accumulation to experience and ponder the extracted materials in detail and deepen understanding and memory. In order to properly use the accumulated materials in composition, the depth of body odor plays a vital role. If you only extract and don't appreciate the comments, then no matter how much material you have, it will only be "a pool of stagnant water", it is difficult to drive away at will, and it will lose the meaning of accumulation. On the contrary, if you work hard on body odor, these materials will become living "soldiers" and be available at any time, thus making your articles "live".
Second, learn to formulate questions.
Nowadays, many composition topics are semi-propositional or topical compositions. How to come up with an unconventional title and choose a topic that gives you something to say is an important link in the success of the composition. For example, if you write an autumn composition, common topics may be "autumn scenery" and "Qiu Si". The topic is so big and empty that it is difficult to write. If it is changed to "I have an appointment with Autumn", it will be easier to write, and readers will be excited to see this topic and will want to finish it quickly. For this kind of composition topic, the following methods can be adopted: expansion method, that is, adding appropriate words before or after a given topic or keyword to make the given topic more specific, thus reducing the difficulty of writing, such as adding "salesman" before "smile" to become "salesman's smile"; Rhetoric: Rhetoric can be used to express what you want to say, such as "tradition and fashion"; Imagination, give your topic the wings of imagination, which is refreshing, such as "If I were the mayor" and "Party in a pencil box"; Suspense method: construct suspense, such as "where is the oil buried?" "18 years old, what are you thinking?" In order to arouse readers' interest in reading the article.
Third, do more fragment composition exercises.
Fragment composition practice is a good way to practice composition. You can write a paragraph in an informal way, such as a solitaire game, and finally connect it into an article. For example, take a teacher or classmate as an example, draw him a "portrait" with words, or ask other students to revise their compositions, so as to achieve the purpose of "explaining clearly and making it clear" as Mr. Ye Shengtao said. If it is abstract, then do it best; Meaning * * *, then make it have * * * force; Intended to describe, it contains the best dynamic ... "effect."
The following are just some common training methods in composition. Abstraction is the basic work, the conception of the proposed topic is the overall design, and the composition of fragments is the practice. Practice more and you will get something. Of course, more composition skills have to be mastered by yourself in practice.