1. Writing and typesetting requirements of papers

The main body of the thesis (design) should include the cover, the task book of graduation thesis (design), the contents, Chinese themes, Chinese abstracts and keywords, the main body, references and other parts in turn.

Paper (design) is typeset by Word software, and A4 (210× 297mm) copy paper is used. In principle, it is printed on one side. The top, bottom, left and right margins are 25mm, and the header and footer are 15mm. Word spacing is standard, and the line spacing is 1.5 times the line spacing. The header content is unified as "graduation thesis (design) of Quanzhou Information Vocational and Technical College", centering on the words "Song Xiao Wu".

The page number is set in the center under the bottom line, and the small five sings. The page numbers of non-text parts such as table of contents, abstracts and keywords are arranged by Roman numerals (I, II ……), and the page numbers after the text are arranged by Arabic numerals (1, 2……).

1. 1 directory

The table of contents is divided into separate pages, including chapter titles of all texts (2 ~ 3 grades according to the needs of the paper), references and other contents and corresponding page numbers.

1.2 topic

The topic should be short, clear and general, generally no more than 20 Chinese characters, without punctuation.

1.3 summary and keywords

1.3. 1 summary

It is a brief statement of the content of the paper (design), without comments, which can briefly explain the purpose, main methods, conclusions, scientific significance or application value of the paper. It is an independent and complete essay, not an abbreviation of a chapter. The abstract should not use unfamiliar and commonly used formulas, charts, symbols and terms, and should not indicate reference numbers. Chinese abstracts are generally about 300 words.

1.3.2 Keywords

Keywords are the subject terms of retrieval, and general technical terms that can cover the main content of the paper and appear in the abstract should be adopted (refer to the corresponding technical terminology standards), which are generally 3 ~ 5 terms, arranged from large to small according to the extended level of terms.

1.4 paper

The main body of the paper generally includes preface, text and conclusion. Character requirements: in principle, not less than 6000 words. The content of the paper should be combined with practice to highlight the applied characteristics of higher vocational graduates.

Preface of 1.4. 1

The preface should explain the basis, purpose and significance of the topic, the understanding of the research problems and the questions raised. The preface is only the beginning of the article, and the chapter number can be omitted.

1.4.2 main body of the paper

The text of the paper is the core part of the paper, which should be reasonable in structure, clear in level, focused and concise in words.

Chapter 1.4.2. 1 and its title

Chapter titles should be focused, concise, and the number of words should generally be within 15, without punctuation.

1.4.2.2 The level of the paper is determined according to the actual needs. For the level code format, please refer to Table 1- 1 and Table 1-2. The text is a small four-song style, with two spaces in the first line.

Table 1- 1 Paper Grade Code and Description

Chapter 65438+0 □××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Article 65438+0.1□×××× year ×× month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × day × month × day × month × day × day × month × day × month × day × month × month × day × month × month × day × month × month × month × month ×

1. 1. 1 □×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Item 65438+0.1.1.1□××× year×× day× month× day× month× day× day× month× day× month× day× month× day × day× month× month× day × month× day × month× day × month× day × month× day × month × month × day × month × day × month× month × day × month × month × month

Level 51.1.1.1.1□×××1000×1000×/kloc-0.

1.4.3 conclusion

The conclusion is a summary of the whole paper, and the application or practicability of the paper (design) should be highlighted, and the main work of the paper should be evaluated with concise words. Suggestions, ideas and problems to be solved can be put forward in the conclusion or discussion. The conclusion is arranged as a separate chapter with no chapter number.

1.5 citations

References reflect the source of the paper and the breadth of materials. The documents cited in the paper should be academic journals and works directly related to the work of the paper, which have been read or quoted by the author himself and should not be transcribed from other people's documents. When quoting, the corner mark "[serial number]" should be added at the corresponding position in the text.

The arrangement of references should be in the order of citation. If the number of authors in a document is less than 3 (including 3), generally only 3 authors are listed, followed by the word "equal" to indicate omission, and the names of different authors are separated by commas. Names are written in the form of "surname comes first, surname comes last", and foreign names are abbreviated according to international practice, omitting abbreviation points and leaving a word empty. References do not include unpublished information, and if they really need to be cited, they must be explained in footnotes.

The full stop in the description format of Chinese reference is "."to indicate the full-angle state of Chinese, while the punctuation in the description format of western reference is indicated by the symbol of western state, with a space left behind.

The rules for compiling commonly used references are as follows:

Book category-[serial number] □ author. Title [m]. Version. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. From reference page to stop page.

Translated books-[serial number] □ author. Title [m]. Translation. Version. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. From reference page to stop page.

Academic journal category-[serial number] □ author. Title of the article [j]. Name, year and volume (period) of academic journals: from citation to cessation.

Academic conference category-[serial number] □ author. Title of the article [c]. Editor's name. Name, address and year of the meeting. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication: from page to page.

Paper category-[serial number] □ student name. Thesis title [D]. School and thesis level. The year of defense. From reference page to stop page.

Newspaper literature-[serial number] □ author. Article name [n]. Newspaper name and publication date (edition)

Online literature-[serial number ]□ author, article title, source or accessible address of electronic literature, date of publication or update/citation.

2. Reference examples of paper formats

Quanzhou Vocational College of Information Technology (Songti Center 1No.)

(Blank line)

Bi Yelun Wen (Design) (No.1, Song Ti, Zhong))

title

surname

Student number

Specialized courses

teacher

(The above titles, names, student numbers, specialized courses, and instructors are all in number four, in song typeface and bold type. )

Year, month and day (3rd, Song Style, Bold, Center)

Start a new page

Item □ Record (No.3 in the middle is bold, not bold)

(Blank line)

□□ Preface (No.4, all the following words are No.4)

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

1□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

1. 1□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

1.2□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

1.2. 1□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

2□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

2. 1□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

2.2□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

2.2. 1□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

3□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

3. 1□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

3.2□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

3.2. 1□×××××

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

refer to

.......................................................... (corresponding page number)

(Start a new page)

××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Name of specialized course (bold No.5)

(Blank line)

Abstract □ Yao (middle bold No.4)

(Blank line)

□×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Keywords (small four bold) ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

(Start a new page)

Preface (bold 4)

□×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

1 □××××× (the title of 1 level in the text is in bold type No.4, not bold, leaving 0.5 lines before and after the paragraph).

□×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

1. 1□×××× (the secondary title of the text is small four in bold, not in bold).

□□□×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

1. 1. 1□××× (the third-level title of the text is small four in bold, not in bold).

□×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Conclusion (bold 4)

□×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

(Start a new page)

References (No.4 bold in the middle, not bold)

(Blank line)

[1] □××××××××× (No.5 Song)

[2] □×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

[3] □×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

In the process of writing graduation thesis, the tutor usually asks the students to write an outline. As far as the writing procedure is concerned, it is a necessary preparation for the author before writing; As far as the outline itself is concerned, it is the concrete embodiment of the author's thoughts and articles. The so-called conception is to organize the design of the chapter structure of graduation thesis. Because the writing of graduation thesis is not like writing a poem, a short essay or a reading note, it is easy to get it easily, and express an idea and a feeling with a single material and a few phrases; Instead, we should use a lot of materials, more levels and strict reasoning to discuss, explain reasons and demonstrate opinions from all aspects. Therefore, it is very important to conceive a composition. To organize materials and arguments in an orderly manner, it is necessary to compile a writing outline. With a good outline, we can grasp the basic skeleton of the whole paper and make the structure of the paper complete and unified. We can distinguish levels, clarify key points, carefully plan the layout of articles, and organically unify general arguments and sub-arguments; You can also arrange, organize and use information according to the requirements of each part, decide on the choice and give full play to the role of information.

Some students are unwilling to write an outline, preferring to write the first draft directly. If you don't have an outline of the full text in your mind and are confused about the arguments, arguments and demonstration steps of the full text, it is very necessary and beneficial to write an outline, which has at least the following three benefits:

First, it can reflect the author's overall thinking. Outline is a kind of logic diagram composed of sequence codes and words, and it is a writing design diagram to help the author consider the logic of the whole article. Its advantage lies in that it is convenient for the author to grasp the overall situation of the paper structure, with clear levels, clear focus, conciseness and clarity at a glance.

Second, it is conducive to the echo of the paper. With the outline, we can establish the concept of the whole, and test the position and function of each part from the perspective of the whole, whether there is a logical connection between them, whether the space occupied by each part is commensurate with its position and function in the overall situation, whether the proportion between each part is appropriate and harmonious, whether every word, sentence, paragraph and part is needed by the overall situation, and whether it is coherent and coordinated into a whole. After such consideration and writing, the structure of the paper can be unified and complete, and it can serve the content of the paper well.

Third, it is conducive to timely adjustment and avoid major rework. In the research and writing process of graduation thesis, the author's thinking activity is very active. Some unremarkable materials, seemingly irrelevant materials, often produce new associations or new viewpoints after being familiar with and thinking. If you don't write an outline carefully, you will be disturbed by this phenomenon, and you will have to keep writing, rethinking and even overturning what you have written. This not only increases the workload, but also greatly affects the writing mood. The outline of graduation thesis is like the blueprint of the project. As long as you carefully consider the outline before you start writing and spend more time and energy to make it solid, you can form a clear and logical paper framework, thus avoiding a lot of unnecessary rework. In addition, if the students who have just started to write a thesis write their own ideas as an outline first, and then ask others for advice, they can understand them at first sight, and it is easier to put forward some suggestions for revision and supplement, so as to get effective guidance.

Second, the steps of writing an outline

The steps to write an outline are as follows:

(1) Determine the abstract of the paper, and then supplement the materials to form a summary of the full text.

Abstract is the prototype of content outline. General books and teaching reference books have abstracts reflecting the contents of the whole book, so that readers can know the general contents of the book as soon as they turn over the abstracts. When writing a paper, we also need to write an abstract first. List the title, headline and subtitle of the paper before writing, and then insert the selected materials to form a summary of the content of the paper.

(2) The distribution of pages of the original paper

After writing the abstract of graduation thesis, we should consider the length of the thesis and the number of words to be written in each part of the article according to the content of the thesis. If you plan to write an original paper of 20 pages (300 words per page), you can consider using 1 page for the preface, 17 page for the paper and 1-2 page for the conclusion. Part of this theory will be reissued. If this theory has four items, the first item can be 3-4 pages, the second item can be 4-5 pages, the third item can be 3-4 pages, and the fourth item can be 6-7 pages. With this allocation, it is convenient to equip and organize materials, and writing can be more planned. The length of graduation thesis is generally 5000-6000 words, because it is too short, it is difficult to explain the problem thoroughly, and it should not be too long as a graduation thesis, which is the theoretical basis of ordinary colleges and universities.

Basic and practical experience.

(3) Write an outline

Thesis outline can be divided into simple outline and detailed outline. A simple outline is highly generalized, which only shows the main points of the paper, and how to develop it is not involved. Although this outline is simple, it can be written fluently because of its thoughtfulness. Without this preparation, it is difficult to write fluently while thinking. Take "Thoughts on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example, you can write a simple outline as follows:

I. Introduction

Second, this theory

(A) the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market

(B) the basic situation of the current construction labor market

(C) countermeasures to cultivate and improve the construction labor market

Three. conclusion

A detailed outline is a detailed list of the main arguments and expanding parts of the paper. If you prepare a detailed outline before writing, you can write more fluently. Let's take "Thoughts on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example to introduce the writing method of the detailed outline:

I. Introduction

1. Put forward the central topic;

2. Explain the writing intention.

Second, this theory

(A) the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market

1. The establishment of the market economic system has created a macro environment for the emergence of the construction labor market;

2. The formation of construction product market puts forward realistic requirements for the cultivation of construction labor market;

3. The deepening of urban and rural system reform provides a reliable guarantee for the formation of the construction labor market;

4. The establishment of the construction labor market is the inherent requirement of the employment particularity of the construction industry.

(B) the basic situation of the current construction labor market

1. A buyer's market where supply exceeds demand;

2. An invisible market with a market and no market;

3. It is easy to enter the deformed market that is difficult to exit;

4. Spontaneous market of disorderly trading.

(C) countermeasures to cultivate and improve the construction labor market

1. unify thinking and understanding, and change spontaneous trading into conscious supervision;

2. Accelerate the establishment of rules and regulations, and change disorderly transactions into standardized transactions;

3. Improve the market network and change intangible transactions into tangible transactions;

4. Adjust the management structure and change personal flow into team flow;

5. Deepen employment reform and change one-way flow into two-way flow.

Three. conclusion

1, outlining the current market situation of construction services and our tasks;

2. Echo the preface at the beginning.

The simple outline and detailed outline mentioned above are the skeleton and main points of the paper. Which one to choose depends on the author's needs. If you are thoughtful and meticulous, it is not a big problem to use a simple outline; However, if the investigation is not well thought out, a detailed outline must be used, otherwise it will be difficult to write a qualified graduation thesis. In short, it will be much more convenient to write an outline before writing a graduation thesis.

Third, the drafting of graduation thesis outline

How to draw up the outline of graduation thesis? First of all, we should grasp the principle of writing the outline of graduation thesis, and therefore we should master the following four aspects:

(A) to have a global concept, starting from the whole to check the status and role of each part in the paper. See whether the proportion distribution of each part is appropriate, whether the length of each part is appropriate, and whether each part can serve the central argument. For example, there is a paper on the dialectical unity of deepening reform and stability in enterprises. Taking an enterprise in XX City, Zhejiang Province as an example, the author said that as long as cadres set an example in the reform and share joys and sorrows with employees, they can gain the understanding of most employees. From the overall concept, we can find that we only talk about how to reform the enterprise to be stable, but we have not discussed how to deepen the reform, change the operating mechanism of the enterprise, improve the economic benefits of the enterprise, increase the income of employees, and finally achieve social stability.

(2) From the central point of view, decide the choice of materials, and abandon materials that have nothing to do with the theme or have little to do with it without regret, even if these materials are collected by yourself. If you lose something, you can gain something. A piece of wool is so precious that it can't be cut off, so it can't be sewn to fit clothes. For ready-made clothes, unnecessary parts must be cut off. Therefore, we must always bear in mind that materials are only used to form the arguments of our own papers. Without this, even the best materials should be abandoned.

(c) Consider the logical relationship between the parts. Beginners often make mistakes in writing papers, that is, arguments and arguments are not necessarily related, and some are limited to repeatedly expounding arguments without practical and powerful arguments; Some materials are many and the arguments are not clear; Some parts do not form an organic logical relationship, so this graduation thesis can not meet the requirements, and this graduation thesis is not convincing. To be convincing, there must be virtual reality, arguments and examples, the combination of theory and practice, and the process of argumentation has strict logic. We should pay special attention to this point and check it when drafting the outline.

Here is a brief description of the writing method of graduation thesis outline:

1. Draft the title first;

2. Write a general argument;

3. Consider the overall arrangement of the whole paper: from several aspects, in what order to discuss the general argument, which is the skeleton of the paper structure;

4. After the big projects are arranged, consider the lower arguments of each project one by one until the paragraph level, and write the argument sentences of paragraphs (paragraphs);

5. Consider the arrangement of each paragraph in turn and code the materials to be used for writing;

6. Make a comprehensive investigation and make necessary additions and deletions.

When writing the outline of graduation thesis, we should also pay attention to:

1. There are two ways to write the outline of graduation thesis: one is title writing. That is, write a title in short words to summarize the content of this part. This writing is concise and clear, but only the author can understand it. Generally speaking, the graduation thesis outline can't be written like this. The second is sentence writing. That is to say, this part of the content is summarized in the form of a sentence that can express the complete meaning. This kind of writing is specific and clear, and others can understand it after reading it, but it takes time and effort. The outline writing of graduation thesis should be handed over to the instructor for reading, so this writing method is needed.

Second, after the outline is written, there is still a very important work that cannot be ignored, that is, the scrutiny and revision of the outline. In this review and revision, we should grasp the following points. First, whether the topic is appropriate; The second is to scrutinize the structure of the outline. First, around the central argument to be expounded or the main topic to be explained, check whether the divided parts, levels and paragraphs can fully explain the problem and make sense; Whether the links between all levels and paragraphs are close and whether the transition is natural. Then look at the objective overall layout, and then "fine-tune" the discussion order of each layer.

Third, graduation thesis writing generally requires the outline to be drawn up to the following levels.

General parameter {{{ 1. (called paragraph)

(1) (called disadvantage argument) 2.

First, (called superiority theory) ......

(2)

......

Second,

......

(4) The basic structure of graduation thesis consists of preface, theory and conclusion. The preface and conclusion in the middle of the outline should be short. This theory is the focus of the full text, and it is the part to be written in pen and ink, so it should be listed in detail in the outline. This part should have at least two levels of standards, namely, in-depth and hierarchical reasoning, so as to reflect the organic combination of general argument and sub-argument, and make the argument thorough and thorough.