(1) reason: maintaining British maritime trade and colonial hegemony; After the completion of the industrial revolution, the economic strength increased; The establishment of bourgeois political system; The rise of liberal economic thought. (6 points, 6 points for answering three main points)

Impact: promoting the development of world trade; The capitalist world market centered on Europe has initially taken shape. (4 points)

(2) Different: the controlled economy of the Republic of China emphasized the state's intervention in the economy, (2 points) Friedman emphasized the free market economy (2 points).

Background: 1929 world economic crisis, laissez-faire bankruptcy; The Soviet Union has made great achievements in socialist construction, which has influenced China. The domestic contradictions are sharp and the national crisis is deepening (national economic construction movement). (4 points, 4 points for answering two main points)

The American economy is developing slowly and stagflation appears; State intervention is inefficient; Keynesianism failed. (4 points, 4 points for answering two main points)

(3) Methods: Field investigation; Consult the literature; Consulting experts, scholars or study visits; Watch audio-visual materials, etc. (3 points, you can get 3 points if you answer 3 points correctly. )

Analysis of test questions: (1) According to the time background provided by the material "Parliament repealed the notorious navigation act in 1849", combined with the contents learned, we can know that Britain has completed the first industrial revolution at this time, and the influence of the industrial revolution can answer the reasons for Britain's move: safeguarding Britain's maritime trade and colonial hegemony; After the completion of the industrial revolution, the economic strength increased; The establishment of bourgeois political system; The rise of liberal economic thought. The influence of the establishment of Cobden-Chevalier treaty network on the development of world economy is the influence of liberalism: it promotes the development of world trade; The capitalist world market centered on Europe has initially taken shape. (2) According to the content of the materials, it is not difficult to find the difference between the national government's economic regulation and Friedman's economic thought: that is, the Republic of China's economic regulation emphasized the state's intervention in the economy; Friedman emphasized the free market economy; As far as we know, their respective background is: 1929 world economic crisis, laissez-faire bankruptcy; The Soviet Union has made great achievements in socialist construction, which has influenced China. The domestic contradictions are sharp and the national crisis is deepening (national economic construction movement). (3) This question is an open question, and its essence involves the method of historical research. According to the basic historical theory and the materials in the question, we can find out the contents of relevant historical methods: excavating sites; Consult the literature; Consulting experts, scholars or study visits; Watch audio-visual materials, etc.