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The following are expert opinions:
As the saying goes: books are like people. People have attached importance to the cultivation of writing habits since ancient times. In the pre-Qin period, writing education began in the enlightenment teaching. There was a record of "calligraphy" teaching in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The so-called "calligraphy" teaching includes two aspects: literacy and writing, and writing is the main content. Mr. Guo Moruo believes that the handwriting of primary and secondary school students should always conform to the norms, be more correct, clean and easy to identify. It is good to form a habit in this way, which can make people careful, easy to concentrate and considerate. Good writing habits, that is, standardized, correct and neat writing habits. The causes of wrong writing habits can be divided into internal and external causes. The so-called internal cause means that students' cognitive level is not high and they can't concentrate for a long time. The so-called external factors, that is, the influence of the environment, the educational role of teachers and parents, etc. There are many ways to cultivate students' good writing habits. The most important thing is to mobilize students' learning enthusiasm, give full play to their subjective initiative, and let students realize the importance of developing good writing habits and form good writing habits on their own initiative.
Keywords: actively strengthen writing habit solving strategies
There is a saying in China that books are like people. In ancient times, people have written people's personalities and personal characters. Han Shu's Records of Literature and Art by Ban Gu in Han Dynasty: "The ancients entered primary school at the age of eight, so the Zhou family took care of the country and taught six books, namely, pictograph, image, image meaning, image sound, annotation, borrowing and word creation." It can be seen that in ancient times, people attached great importance to writing. Su Shi also said: "In ancient times, calligraphy was the product of a lifetime."
In people's criteria for evaluating a person in all aspects, a person's calligraphy is often ranked as good or bad. For example, we say: XXX is easy to contact and writes well. If you observe it a little, you can really find that people who write well around you often have good academic performance and good interpersonal relationships. So, is writing related to personal development? The answer is yes.
Zhang Xigeng said: "Writing has personality value. Writing reveals personality characteristics, and the presentation of the meaning and value form of human life is consistent with the formation and evolution of good writing. For Confucian and proud people, a beautiful and fluent hand of good words can make them get what they want, be tolerant and self-disciplined, and it is an individual reflection after cultural baptism. For the frustrated, good calligraphy is the basis for individuals to find life, a paradise of sincere and upright personality is built through writing, and the "virtue" of "harmony between man and nature" is realized between these lines. For fanatics, writing is an excellent means to cultivate one's self-cultivation and adjust one's thinking. Similarly, writing is intrinsically related to the writer's culture, mood, temperament, personality, especially human personality, and the influence of personality on people will be reflected in the works [1]. " It can be seen that whether you can write a good hand or not has a great influence on your personal development.
In fact, as teachers, we guide students to write well, which is not only the need for students to complete all kinds of written homework at school, but also the premise for students to lay a good writing foundation in their future study and work. Comrade Bin Liu, former deputy director of the State Education Commission, said: "In the primary school stage, besides ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality, psychological quality and labor quality, it is very important to lay a solid foundation for writing standardized Chinese characters." It can be seen that it is of great significance to cultivate students' good writing habits from an early age, so we must do it well. Writing Chinese characters well is the basis of calligraphy, and calligraphy is the value form of words in the art field. Calligraphy makes Chinese characters play a better practical role, which is the most effective form to improve China's cultural life, improve national quality and build spiritual civilization. It has high practical value in itself, and at the same time, adhering to calligraphy learning can also improve cultural literacy, cultivate character and sentiment, play a role in strengthening the body and promoting cultural exchanges [2]. "
First, then, how can we write beautiful and fluent good words?
First of all, you have to learn to write and develop personal writing habits. In fact, developing good writing habits is a very important issue, which is not only related to a person's writing quality, but also related to a person's physical and mental health. Mr. Guo Moruo believes that in order to train primary and secondary school students to write well, it is not necessary for everyone to become a calligrapher, but always to write the words in line with the norms, which are more correct, clean and easy to identify. It is good to form such a habit, which can make people careful, easy to concentrate and considerate. It's easy to get things done hastily, carelessly and arbitrarily. Practicing writing can gradually get rid of these problems. In addition, according to expert research, 3- 12 years old is the key period for people to form good behavior. /kloc-after 0/2 years old, children gradually form many habits, and it is much more difficult for new habits to take root. Therefore, we must cultivate their good writing habits from primary school.
The cultivation of good writing habits is the habit of writing in a standardized, correct and neat way. The Chinese Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education (experimental draft) published in 200 1 requires that "Chinese characters can be written correctly and neatly" in the overall goal of the curriculum; In the "teaching suggestion", it is required to "pay attention to the guidance of students' writing posture, guide students to master basic writing skills and develop good writing habits"; In the "evaluation suggestion", it is required to "pay attention to students' writing posture and habits, and pay attention to the correctness, correctness and neatness of writing". Research on Chinese Teaching in Middle Schools points out in How to Guide Students to Master Chinese Learning Methods that "we must pay attention to cultivating students' good writing habits, that is, standardized, correct and neat writing habits". Therefore, we must be strict with students and urge them to develop good writing habits.
Second, what are the wrong writing habits of primary school students now?
At present, the writing posture and pen holding posture of primary school students are generally incorrect. There are 57 students in a class of grade five in a primary school in an urban area, and 39 students have incorrect writing methods and postures. The students' handwriting is crooked and scrawled, with different sizes, and some of them are simply not decent [3]. Faced with this phenomenon, some teachers turn a blind eye, correcting homework only pays attention to right and wrong, and does not judge the quality of writing. In the long run, students will develop bad writing habits, such as myopia, sloping shoulders, hunchback, spinal curvature, etc., which will seriously affect students' physical and mental health and lifelong development. In addition to scribbled fonts, incorrect writing posture and incorrect pen holding methods, there are many wrong writing habits that affect children's physical and mental health and good writing habits. I think why primary school students now have some so-called "four eyes", and maybe we can get some enlightenment from it.
Third, as a teacher, how can we make primary school students develop good writing habits?
Old Yeman Shengtao said, "What is education? In a word, it is to develop good habits. " As a teacher, in order to cultivate students' good writing habits, it is not enough to evaluate the writing quality of students' homework only when correcting it. We should start from normal times and take writing as a course. It is understood that 1998 issued the "Guiding Outline of Writing Teaching for Full-time Primary Schools in Nine-year Compulsory Education (Trial)", requiring all localities to attach importance to writing teaching in primary and secondary schools.
4. How are these wrong writing habits formed? According to its causes, it can be divided into internal and external causes.
internal cause
1, children's cognitive level is not high.
Although the thinking ability of primary school students has been continuously developed, it is in the transition stage from concrete image thinking to abstract logical thinking. However, the accuracy of perception is still not enough and the resolution of perception is low. For example, in the process of literacy, primary school students can only remember the general outline of the font, while the very subtle parts of the font are often ignored without the teacher's reminder or training. Pupils, like themselves, often write "you" or "you" when writing. Another example is to write "discrimination" of discrimination as "debate". In addition, correct writing habits and wrong writing habits will be confused and indistinguishable. For example, the problem of how to hold a pen is very vague and indistinguishable. Because of these factors, primary school students often write typos and follow blindly, which strengthens bad writing habits.
2. Children can't concentrate for a long time.
Pupils' intentional attention time is very limited, so it is unbearable for them to focus on getting rid of their previous wrong habits for a long time and sit at their desks and do their homework and practice calligraphy seriously. This is also an external manifestation of the immature development of children's cognitive psychology.
The above are the internal causes for primary school students to develop the habit of wrong writing. However, the production of a thing cannot be completely determined by internal factors, and its production usually involves various external factors, especially the environment. For primary school students to develop writing habits, the main influence here is environmental factors, mainly the supervision of teachers and parents.
External cause
1, social environment
Primary school students' communication with others will lead to the formation of wrong behavior habits, because primary school students have strong imitation ability. We can easily find that if parents, teachers or close companions have bad habits, primary school students are likely to be influenced by them to form bad behavior habits. The same is true of writing habits, so we must create a good learning environment for children to avoid children being influenced by others and having bad writing habits and even behavioral habits.
2. Normal education
Now some teachers don't remind and urge students to pay attention to their writing habits when they see students writing their homework with incorrect pens or even lying on their desks. When correcting students' homework, some teachers only pay attention to whether it is correct, not to the quality and clarity of writing. Over time, students have developed the wrong writing habits.
5. So, as a teacher, how can we make primary school students develop good writing habits?
1. Influence students with good writing habits
Confucius said, "He is upright and acts without orders. His body is not upright, although he disobeys orders. " The cultivation of good writing habits of primary school students is not only related to the strict requirements of teachers, but also plays a vital role in setting an example by teachers. Beautiful handwriting, such as beautiful notes, will compose a beautiful movement in students' hearts, and vigorous, fresh and handsome brushstrokes will give students excitement and strength. In real life, teachers' handwriting is often better than students'. But at present, among front-line teachers, calligraphy is not good enough, quite a few teachers write irregularly, and some teachers even have incorrect writing methods and postures, so the blackboard writing in class can't play a demonstration role. Therefore, in order for students to develop good writing habits, we must first start from standardizing teachers.
2. Cultivate students' strong interest in writing.
Suhomlinski said: "It is an important condition to arouse young people's unique interest in knowledge to let students experience an emotion of personally participating in mastering knowledge. "When a person not only knows the world, but also knows himself, he can form an interest. Without this self-styled experience, there can be no real interest in knowledge. [4] Psychologists' research shows that learning interest is the most realistic and active component in learning activities. Once students are interested in learning, they will have dynamic phenomena and behaviors such as "eager to get", "constantly exploring" and "hungry". Facts also tell us that primary school students can't do things that they are not interested in. Therefore, to cultivate good writing habits, we must cultivate a strong interest in writing.
3. Correct guidance and intensive training.
The so-called training method. To cultivate good writing habits of primary school students, we must master correct writing methods. For example, keep your head straight when writing. Shoulder level, eyes one foot away from the paper, nib one inch away from the pen, chest one punch away from the table; Hold the pen correctly and so on. When students are writing, teachers should pay attention to patrol and correct incorrect places. We can also use Watson's behaviorism to emphasize "training behavior". Reinforcement is the core concept of behaviorism. It is to ask them to write to themselves according to the correct habit of using books. Of course, our strengthening is not just for students to practice hard. After correcting their wrong behavior habits, we will use various methods to strengthen the correct writing habits. Teachers can carry out related activities in the classroom, so that students can consciously strengthen. For example, a series of activities such as "Compare who can't write typos the least", "Who knows his homework best" and "Strive to be a small calligrapher" can also introduce the deeds of ancient and modern calligraphers to students by telling stories. Let students learn, exercise and improve in activities, that is, train in activities and strengthen in activities. "You can also praise students with good writing habits by giving examples and let them learn from him. So as to correct the wrong writing habits of primary school students and develop good writing habits.
4. Extend the time of intentional attention
Suhomlinski said: "The great skill of teachers is to concentrate students' attention and keep it up. [5] "Pupils' short attention span and carelessness lead to typos, irregular writing and sloppy homework. The maintenance of intentional attention depends on deepening the understanding of an activity when engaged in it. Therefore, primary school students should be clear about the specific tasks of writing, understand the importance of writing correctly and standardly, let them constantly organize their own behaviors, and use self-reminding and self-command to eliminate external interference, so as to develop good writing habits. Let students deeply feel the beauty of China square characters, cultivate pupils' interest in writing correct, standardized and neat characters, prolong pupils' intentional attention time, and form good writing habits.
Of course, there are many ways to cultivate good writing habits through the influence of the external environment on primary school students, such as organizing calligraphy classes in schools and regularly carrying out standardized words and homework, which are all we need to carry out.