Ohio. Orville University dropped out of school in the third year (1889) and started a printing business with the help of his brother. Welber is the editor of the weekly West Side News (which became the evening news a few months later), and Orville is the publisher. Influenced by the national bicycle craze, the two brothers opened a bicycle repair shop (Wright bicycle repair shop, later became Wright bicycle company) on 1892, and began to produce their own brand bicycles on 1896. They established their interest in flying with this spirit of unremitting efforts. At the beginning of 1890, their articles in newspapers and magazines and Otto Lilienthal's plane concept map in Germany and the steam plane model of Smithsonian Institute in samuel langley successfully flew in May 1896, and then Octave Chanute, an engineer in Chicago and an authority devoted to flight research, flew several plane models in the dunes and lakeside of Michigan. This series of events caught the attention of the Wright brothers. In May 1899, Welber wrote a letter to the Smithsonian Institution, requesting aviation information and books. Based on the sketches and inspiration of Sir George Gloria, Sanute, Lilienthal, Leonardo da Vinci and Langley, the Wright brothers started their mechanical aviation experiment. The image of the Wright brothers in the public has always been one, and they enjoy the fruits and honors of their own inventions. James tobin, a careful biographer, found that "My Machine" and "My Plan" written by Welber at 1899- 1900 were both changed from the singular of the first person to the plural of "we" and "ours". "It's hard to imagine how a smart and outstanding person like Orville succeeded. From a small shop in Ohio to consulting capitalists and presidents, Orville did it. He is a leader from beginning to end. " After the Wright brothers finished all the theoretical research, they began to practice. Their bicycle shop assistant charles taylor became an important member of the team, and the three of them made the first airplane engine together.
Edit the profile of this paragraph.
Since ancient times, flying in the sky like a bird has always been a human dream. For its realization, people have made unremitting efforts for many years, and even paid the lives of many pioneers. Finally, at 1903, 1, the Wright brothers and their plane.
On February 17, the world's first manned power plane flew into the blue sky on Kitty Hawk in North Carolina, USA. This plane is called "Voyager-1", and its inventors are American brothers wilbur wright and Orville Wright. The Wright brothers' first power continuous flight realized the long-awaited dream of mankind, and the era of human flight began. Wilbur wright was born in April 1867 16, and his younger brother Orville Wright was born in August18719. They have been interested in mechanical assembly and flying since childhood, engaged in bicycle repair and manufacturing. The Wright brothers used to repair bicycles for a living. They are smart and eager to learn. They have been keen on flight research since 1896. Through many studies and experiments, they quickly came to the conclusion that in order to solve the unresolved key problem of aircraft control, some mechanical devices that can make aerodynamics work must be installed. According to this idea, they carried out many manned glider experiments over the Kitty Hawk sand dune, and their dream finally came true. The news that Otto Lilienthal successfully tested the glider made them determined to fly. 1896 the crash of Lilienthal's test flight prompted them to focus on the balance control of the aircraft. They especially studied the flight of birds and studied almost all the aviation theory books at that time. During this period, the aviation industry suffered many setbacks, such as the crash of Pierre, a flight technician, the failure of Ma Keqin, the inventor of heavy machine guns, and the crash of Langley, an aviation scientist, which made most people think that it was impossible for an airplane to fly by its own power. The Wright brothers didn't give up their efforts. During the period from 1900 to 1902, they not only conducted more than 1000 gliding flight tests, but also made more than 200 different kinds of wings and conducted thousands of wind tunnel experiments, which corrected some wrong flight data of Lilienthal and designed the cross-sectional shape of wings with greater lift. After all, the flying time of gliders is limited, but if the plane has power and enough fuel, it can fly, take off and land freely. As a result, the two brothers started the research and development of power planes. The Wright brothers worked hard, and soon, they designed an engine with excellent performance and a propeller with high efficiency, and then successfully assembled all the parts into the world's first powered plane. 1903, they built the first manned aircraft "Voyager" 1. The wingspan of this plane is 13.2 meters, with the elevator in front and the rudder behind. Two pairs of Shuang Ye propellers are driven by chains, equipped with landing gear skids, and equipped with four-cylinder engines, weighing 70kg and having a power of 8.8kW ... This famous aircraft in aviation history is now displayed in the Air and Space Museum in Washington, USA. Voyager is an ordinary biplane. Its two propellers are installed on both sides of the driver's position and driven by a single engine chain. 1904, the Wright brothers built a second "flying machine" with a new engine and made a test flight in Hoffman grassland near Dayton. The longest continuous flight time is more than 5 minutes, and the flight distance reaches 4 .4 kilometers. 1905, the third "Flyer" test flight, piloted by Wilbur, flew for 38 minutes and 38.6 kilometers. On the day of the first test flight, it was freezing and windy. At first, my brother Orville Wright flew the trapeze plane, keeping it blank for 12 seconds and flying 36.5 meters. On the same day, the plane flew three times, the best of which was my brother wilbur wright. He flew the plane 260 meters in the air. 1903 12 14 to 17, Voyager 1 made the fourth test flight on a sand dune of Kitty Hawk in North Carolina, USA. The first test flight was driven by Orville Wright, * * * flew 36 meters, leaving 12 seconds blank. The fourth time, driven by wilbur wright, * * * flew 260 meters and left it blank for 59 seconds. 1906, their plane was patented in the United States. The success of the Wright brothers' flight was not recognized by the American government and the public at first, and people still doubted it until 1907. On the contrary, it was France that gave them a correct evaluation of their achievements for the first time in 1908, which set off an aviation craze sweeping the world. So they finally won the honorary award of the US Congress with 1909. In the same year, they established Wright Aircraft Company. Wilbur wright died on May 29th, 2002 at the age of 45. Since then, Orville Wright has struggled for 30 years, making Wright Aircraft Company a world-famous aircraft manufacturer with a capital as high as10 billion US dollars. Orville Wright died on1948 65438+1October 3rd. The statue of the Wright brothers
Edit this famous quote
Only parrots can crow, but they can never fly high.
Edit this story about the invention of airplane.
1in the winter of 877, there was a heavy snow in Dayton, USA, and the hills in the suburbs were all white. A group of children came to the hillside covered with thick snow and slid down quickly in a homemade sleigh. Laughter broke out on the hillside. The Wright brothers are conducting a flight test.
Next to them, two boys stood quietly, watching the cheerful sledge pass from top to bottom. The big boy sighed, "Hi! If only we had sledges, too! " Another child pursed his lips and said, "Who told us that dad was always away!" " "He had a brainwave and then said," Brother, let's do it ourselves! "Hearing this, the boy called brother immediately laughed and said happily," Yes! We can do it ourselves. Come on, Orville, let's go back! " So, the two children jumped off the hillside and ran home quickly. The two brothers are the Wright brothers, the elder brother is Welber and the younger brother is Orville. They like to play some things since childhood and often play all kinds of games together. Their grandfather is a craftsman who makes wheels. There are all kinds of tools in the house. The two brothers regard this place as their paradise and often go to see his grandfather's work. After a long time, they imitated and made some small toys. So, the two brothers decided to build a sledge this time and pull it to the hillside to compete with their companions. That night, the two brothers told their mother the idea. Hearing this, my mother said happily, "OK, let's do it together!" " "So, the two brothers ran to grandpa's workshop, found a lot of sticks and tools, and did it without thinking. "No," their mother stopped them from saying. "We must do everything in a planned way. We have to draw a picture first and then do it! " The two brothers understand this truth and design patterns with their mother. Mother measured the bodies of the two brothers first, and then drew a short sledge. "Mom, someone else's sleigh is very high. Why is your sleigh so short? Will this work? " Orville, the younger brother, asked. "Son, if you want the sledge to run fast, you have to shorten it, which will reduce the wind resistance and make it much faster." Mom explained gently. The two brothers realized that nothing should be done rashly, and they should first find out the truth. A day later, the Wright brothers' short sleigh was made. The two brothers pushed it to the mountain, and just after putting it on the hillside, a boy came running. "Look, the Wright brothers have brought a monster!" The boy started to cry in a fuss. After a while, all the children gathered around and talked about this strange thing. The Wright brothers disagreed and bravely said, "Who is better than us!" The boy who ran over earlier quickly shouted, "I'll come!" " I will compete with them! "Say that finish, he pulled up his sledge. The result of the game, of course, is that the Wright brothers won. Instead of laughing at the sled, the children gathered around and looked around as if they wanted to find something from it. The Wright brothers were very happy and went home with the joy of victory. Christmas is coming, and my father is back from other places. On Christmas morning, their father gave them a present, and the two brothers eagerly opened it. That's an unknown toy. It looks strange. Dad told them that this is a flying spiral that can fly very high in the air. "Birds can fly! How can it fly! "Welber is a little skeptical. Dad smiled and performed live. I saw him twist the rubber band on it first. As soon as he let go, it flew into the sky with a loud noise. Only then did the two brothers believe that man-made things can fly into the sky besides birds and butterflies. So, the two brothers took it apart and wanted to explore why it could fly to the sky. From then on, in their young hearts, things that can fly high in the blue sky will be created in the future. This wish has been affecting them. 1896, the Wright brothers read a news in the newspaper: German Lilienthal died in a glider accident. The news shocked them so much that the two brothers decided to learn to fly. At this time, the Wright brothers opened a bicycle shop. They learn flight information while working to earn money. Three years later, they learned a lot about aviation and decided to copy a glider. They first observed the movements of eagles flying in the air, then drew them one by one, and then set about designing gliders. 1900 5438+00 in June, the Wright brothers finally built their first glider and took it to the Kitty Hawk, which is far away from Dayton. It is very remote, there are no trees and houses around, and the wind here is very strong, which is very suitable for flying gliders. The two brothers spent a week installing the glider, first tied it to a rope and flew it like a kite. The result was successful. Then Welber sat on it and did the experiment. Although it flew, it was only 1 m high. In the second year, the two brothers made a glider after many improvements on the basis of the last one. This autumn, they came to the seaside of Kitty Hawk again. After an experiment, the flying altitude suddenly reached 180 meters. The two brothers were very happy, but not satisfied. They want to know if they can make a machine that can fly without wind. The two brothers thought and thought, collected information about flight, and studied it repeatedly, but they never thought of using any power to transport huge gliders and people into the air. One day, a car stopped in front of the garage and the driver borrowed a tool from them. To repair the engine of the car. Two brothers had a brainwave. Can they use the engine of the car to propel the flight? Since then, the brothers have been thinking about the engine. They first measured that the maximum carrying capacity of the glider was 90 kilograms, so they ordered an engine of no more than 90 kilograms from the factory. But the lightest engine at that time was 190 kg, and the factory could not make such a light engine. Later, an engine engineer learned about it and promised to help the Wright brothers. After a while, the engineer really built a gasoline engine with 12 horsepower and a weight of only 70 kg. The two brothers were very happy and soon began to study how to use the engine to propel the glider. After countless experiments, they finally installed the engine on the glider, but only installed the propeller on the glider. The engine drove the propeller to rotate and drive the glider to fly. In September 1903, the Wright brothers took their engines to the Kitty Hawk Sea for another test flight. Although the test flight failed, they learned a lot from it. Soon after, they made several test flights in succession, either because of propeller failure, engine failure or driving technical problems. Undaunted, the Wright brothers still insisted on the test flight. Just then, an inventor named Langlai was commissioned by the American government to build a plane with a gasoline engine and fell into the sea during the test flight. After learning the news, the Wright brothers went to investigate, learned the lessons of Langley's failure and gained a lot of experience. They made a strict inspection of every part of the plane and formulated strict operating procedures. 1903, 12, 14, they came to Kitty Hawk for flight test. This afternoon, the two brothers first put two rails fixed on wood on the ground with a certain inclination, so that the plane can slide easily. Then, put the plane they made on the track. Finally, there is a question of who will fly first. The two brothers were at loggerheads and had to flip a coin to decide who would fly out of Welber first. After boarding the plane, Welber lay in the middle of the plane and soon started the plane. The engine roared and the propeller turned slowly. Just after taxiing 3 meters on the slope, the plane broke free from the wire tied behind it and roared into the air. "It's flying! "Orville shouted excitedly. As soon as the voice fell, the plane suddenly slowed down and soon fell to the ground. The whole flight time is less than 4 minutes. Orville rushed forward. Wilbur had jumped out of the falling plane, and the two brothers quickly observed the plane, which was not damaged. "What's the problem? "The two brothers wanted to think, check one by one. There is nothing wrong with the engine, the propeller rotates well and the technical operation is completely correct. ..... "Brother, I know why! Orville said with a big smile, "We used the slope to slide, and the plane took off only 3 meters away. At this time, the rotation of the propeller has not reached high speed, and it will be planted in a short time. " "Yes!" Welber nodded yes, and then said, "We can't take off by taxiing on slopes, but we must fly by the power of propellers. Well, put the track on a flat place and try again. "They worked continuously for three days, and then re-laid the tracks on the flat ground. 1903 12 17 in the morning 10, the sky was cloudy and the wind was biting. The farmers invited by the two brothers to watch the flight were shivering with cold and repeatedly urged the two brothers to fly quickly. During Orville's test flight, I saw him climb on the plane and lie in the driver's seat. After a while, the engine began to roar and the propeller began to turn. Suddenly, the plane skidded, rose to a height of more than 3 meters, and then flew forward horizontally. " Fly! Fly! "Several farmers cried happily, followed Welber, chasing behind the plane. After flying 30 meters, the plane landed firmly. Welber rushed forward and pounced on his younger brother who had just climbed out of the plane. With tears in his eyes, he shouted, "We made it! We succeeded! " After 45 minutes, Welber flew again, with a distance of 52 meters. After a while, Orville flew again, this time for 59 seconds, with a distance of 255 meters. This is the first successful flight in human history. The Wright brothers told the news to the newspaper, but the newspaper didn't believe it and refused to publish it. The Wright brothers don't care. Continue to improve their plane. Soon, the two brothers built a plane that could take two people, and they flew in the air for more than an hour. After the news spread, people rushed to tell each other. The American government attached great importance to it and decided to let Wright do a test flight performance. 1908 September 10, the weather was exceptionally clear, and the ground over which the plane flew was surrounded by people watching. People are in high spirits, waiting for the Wright brothers to fly At about 10, my brother Orville flew their plane freely into the sky with cheers. Two long wings crossed the air, just like an eagle spreading its wings and flying. People can no longer restrain their excitement, holding their heads high in the sky calling the names of the Wright brothers. Many people's dreams have finally come true. The plane flew at an altitude of 76 meters 1 hour 14 minutes, carrying a brave passenger. When it landed, people gathered from all directions. 1908, with the support of the government, the Wright brothers founded a flight company and a flight school. Since then, airplanes have become another advanced means of transportation for people.
Edit the phenomenon that the air pressure center turns sideways in this section.
In repeated gliding experiments, the Wright brothers found that the pressure center turned to the side-the pressure center of the curved wing did not always move in the same direction as the pressure center of the straight wing. This great discovery is contrary to the argument of many scientific books-many data obtained by scientists about the pressure of the atmosphere on the wing are incorrect! In the second half of 190 1, the Wright brothers built the world's first wind tunnel which can accurately test model wings, and used the wind tunnel to test more than 200 types of wings in more than two months, obtained a set of scientific data, and designed the aircraft according to these data.
Edit this passage of the Wright brothers medal
Founded on 1924 Organizer: Introduction to the awards of the Aeronautical Engineering Branch of the American Society of Automatic Engineers: The Wright Brothers Medal was established by the Aeronautical Engineering Branch of the American Society of Automatic Engineers on 1924 to reward the authors of the best papers in the field of aeronautical engineering. The award-winning scope includes aerodynamics, structural theory, research, manufacturing and driving of aircraft or spacecraft. Entries must be submitted at the meeting of the aviation engineering branch or subsidiary body in the previous year. If none of the papers that meet the above-mentioned winning themes meet the selection criteria, this medal can also be awarded to the best papers on other aerospace themes. The main criterion for choosing a thesis is its academic innovation. All papers submitted before the meeting of Aviation Engineering Branch will be selected as the participating papers, and the winning papers will be eligible for winning again after three years. The Wright Brothers Medal was named after Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright to commemorate their great contributions to aviation. The Wright brothers are American airplane inventors. They have cherished the ideal of soaring in the sky since childhood. In order to realize this ideal, on the one hand, they studied the theory, on the other hand, they practiced their internal skills, and carried out many small wind tunnel tests and nearly a thousand flight tests. Finally, in 1903, a manned biplane with internal combustion engine as power, wood as skeleton and canvas as wing was designed and manufactured. In the same year, 65438+February 65438+July, the Wright brothers successfully tested their own plane. Although the flight time is only 59 seconds and the distance is only 260 meters, as the world's first powered aircraft, it has left an indelible page in aviation history. The Wright brothers are therefore called the fathers of airplanes. Awards named after the Wright brothers include the Wright Brothers Aviation Lecture Boat set up by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Wilbur and Orville Wright Memorial Lecture set up by the Royal Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Both awards are for the winner to give a speech on aeronautics. In this way, the winner is honored and the participants are allowed to share his technical achievements. The Wright Brothers Aviation Lecture also awarded medals and certificates.
Edit this paragraph, the sister of the Wright brothers.
/kloc-at the age of 0/5, she became a hostess.
When it comes to the Wright brothers, the inventors of airplanes, everyone is familiar with them. However, behind these two successful men, there is a woman who silently supports them. She is their little sister Catherine Wright. Mr. and Mrs. Wright had seven children before and after, and finally they grew up to be three men and one woman. Catherine Wright, the younger sister of the Wright family, was born in Dayton, Ohio on August 1874. In addition to her eldest brother Lorraine, Catherine has been close to her other two brothers Welber and Orville since childhood. These two brothers are the famous Wright brothers in the future. Sometimes, the two brothers will quarrel like other brothers, and Catherine is the glue between the two brothers. When Catherine Wright 15 years old, her mother Susan Wright died. My father was devastated by the loss of his wife. At this time, the capable Catherine took over the position of mother and became the hostess of the Wright family. Taking care of my father and brother's diet and daily life and managing the daily affairs at home have become the backbone of family life. The burden of housework did not affect Catherine's studies. She was gifted and accepted by Oberlin Teachers College in Ohio, becoming the only college student among the Wright brothers and sisters (the Wright brothers did not finish high school). After graduating from college, she taught at Steele Middle School in Dayton, teaching classical literature.
The strong backing of my brothers.
Between 1899 and 1905, the Wright brothers began to develop their first plane. During this period, Catherine lobbied around and gave speeches to raise funds for aircraft experiments. She helps her brothers run bicycle shops so that they can concentrate on flight research instead of running for their daily livelihood. When the Wright brothers improved their plane on the Hoeffmann Prairie outside Dayton, Ohio, Catherine even asked her colleagues for help. Because the plane and landing gear are too heavy, only the Wright brothers can't complete the operation. 1908, Orville was seriously injured in a flight and was rescued in a hospital in Washington, DC. Catherine left her beloved teaching post and went to Washington to take care of her brother. Under the careful care of her sister, Orville gradually recovered. At that time, Welber was in France to promote his new plane to Europeans. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/909, under the escort of Catherine, Orville arrived in France by boat, and the three brothers and sisters met in a foreign land. The first plane invented by the Wright brothers went into the sky and caused a great sensation all over the world. Many people want to know more about the Wright brothers and their planes. However, the Wright brothers are shy and introverted and keep a low profile. They don't even know how to sell their planes to buyers. Catherine became their mouthpiece. On behalf of her brother, she successfully explained the manufacturing principle and design of this new type of aircraft to the world. Welber set up his own company in France, but the company was badly run and full of crises. Catherine came out again and quickly helped my brother keep the company in order. 19 12 years, Catherine herself became an important member of Wright company. On Wright's stock, the signatures are Orville and Catherine. If it weren't for my sister, perhaps Wright Company wouldn't run so smoothly. No wonder some European newspapers nicknamed her "the third brother of the Wright family". When the Wright brothers and sisters left France for home, the French government awarded them the "Military Honor Award". Very few American women have won this honor, and Catherine is extremely lucky and proud. After returning to America from France, the Wright brothers became hot celebrities. Aviation flight enthusiasts from all over the world traveled all the way to Wright's house to ask for advice from two brothers. For a time, the Wright family was full of guests and very lively. Catherine warmly and thoughtfully received visitors from all directions. The Wright brothers spent all their time and energy because of the "honor and right" lawsuit of the title of "airplane inventor". At the age of 45, Welber 19 12 died of typhoid fever, and the stable "iron triangle" relationship of the Wright family ended. 19 15, Orville sold Wright company. 19 17, after their father died of illness, Catherine and her brothers moved to a villa called Hawthorne Mountain in the south of Dayton.
The belated "spring"
When Catherine was young, she was beautiful, elegant and had many admirers. One of them is a flying student of the Wright brothers. In his mind, Catherine has "thick black hair, deep and charming blue eyes like the sea, and a kind and warm smile", and is a good girl that everyone loves. Although Catherine is interested in and involved in her brothers' flight plans, she has her own living space. She has multiple identities: President of Dayton Young Women's Group; Fundraising activities of the Dayton Women's Club; Chairman of Oberlin College Alumni Association (she also helped her alma mater set up an English study grant). In addition, she also received the president, politicians and even important members of the US military on behalf of her brother. She is also the only woman invited to join the "Air France Club". Catherine and her brothers traveled around France, Italy and England, meeting members of the royal family and business leaders. Anyone who has met her will be fascinated by her style. She also bravely ran away with her brother and tied a rope at the bottom of the skirt to prevent exposure. Unexpectedly, this way of dressing quickly became fashionable, and women at that time rushed to imitate it. Catherine remained single and lived with her brother until she was over 500 years old. Catherine is unmarried because she has an unwritten agreement with her two brothers. After their mother died, they lived alone and agreed to be together forever. The Wright brothers kept their promises and never got married. However, love came. After selling Wright Company, Catherine served on the advisory board of Oberlin College, and she met Henry haskell at the college meeting. Henry is a famous journalist and a major shareholder in the Kansas City Star. At that time, Henry's wife had just died, and his wife happened to be an old friend of Catherine's. In order to comfort depressed Henry, Catherine began to write to him. Soon, the seeds of love began to sprout. Catherine has been secretly dating Henry. She didn't want Orville to know that her two brothers were too dependent on her in life and emotion, which put her under great pressure. Especially after Welber's death, Orville became more lonely and autistic, and Catherine was his interface with the outside world. Without her, he doesn't know how to continue his life. 1926, Catherine decided to marry Henry haskell to pursue her belated happiness. When she told Orville the news, he flew into a rage and was so depressed that he refused to attend his sister's wedding. After his sister moved away sadly, he still didn't say a word of blessing to them. Catherine has tried many times to make up for the injury to her brother and save the feelings of brother and sister, but in vain. After two years of marriage, Catherine contracted pneumonia. Orville didn't have a few words of greeting and concern. 1929 On March 3rd, when Catherine was dying, Orville was finally willing to come to her sister's bedside under the persuasion of her eldest brother Lorraine. Orville himself died in 1948. The three brothers and sisters were finally buried in the cemetery in their hometown of Dayton, which became a place for generations of flying enthusiasts to mourn.