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As one of the largest developing countries in the world, China and the United States are rich in labor resources, with obvious cost advantages, broad market and unlimited development potential; The other is the largest developed country with the strongest economic and technological strength in the world.
Sino-US relations directly affect the development of the world economy. As far as current Sino-US relations are concerned, problems and conflicts also exist. Because there are no eternal friends and enemies between countries, only eternal interests.
As far as the present situation of China and the United States is concerned, there are still problems in ideology, political influence and economic and trade friction. In the development of modern countries, economy is a powerful material condition of a country, the most core, realistic and practical national interest, which directly determines the status and influence of the country.
Therefore, economy and trade are a barometer of the relationship between countries. China and the United States are at different stages of economic development. With the deepening of economic globalization, the economic relations between the two countries have strong mutual benefit and complementarity.
At the same time, there are all kinds of frictions in the competition. Sino-US economic and trade frictions are mainly manifested in the following three aspects: trade balance, RMB exchange rate and intellectual property protection.
The widening trade deficit between China and the United States is the decisive factor for the turmoil in Sino-US relations. In 2005, China exported US$ 654.38+062.9 billion and imported US$ 48.73 billion, with a surplus of US$ 654.38+065.438+047.7 billion. According to US statistics, the US trade deficit with China surged by 24.5% in 2005, reaching $201600 million.
The reason why there is such a big trade gap between China and the United States is related to the statistical methods adopted by both sides. On the other hand, it is related to the politicization of American economic issues.
The statistical differences between China and the United States are mainly due to the particularity of Sino-US trade and the different statistical methods. 60% of China's exports to the United States and 30% of its imports from the United States are re-exported through third parties, mainly Hongkong.
After the United States exports China to Hongkong, Southeast Asia and other countries, the products re-exported by these countries to the United States are counted as imports from China. However, when the United States counts its exports to China, it ignores the goods re-exported to China through Hongkong.
This is one reason for the statistical difference. Many of the goods exported from China to the United States are goods from American companies in China. China earns only a small processing fee, and a lot of profits are earned by American enterprises in China.
According to David Ricardo's comparative advantage theory, a country should produce products with comparative advantages and export them through free trade.
At the same time, import products with no comparative advantages or disadvantages. Under this framework of free trade, international trade based on the theory of comparative advantage will maximize the trade interests of all participating countries.
China and the United States are at different stages of development, and their economies are highly complementary, which also conforms to the theory of comparative advantage. Sino-US trade will cause such a large trade deficit, which is related to the trade restrictions adopted by the United States against China.
China's exports to the United States are mainly labor-intensive products, mainly agricultural products, with low added value, which meets the needs of ordinary American consumers.
American exports to China should be mainly capital and technology-intensive products. However, the United States politicized its economy and trade and refused to export high technology to China on the grounds of security.
American high technology is in the leading position in the world, and technical products also occupy a decisive position in American foreign exports; China is in the process of modernization, and the demand for technical products is constantly expanding.
This economic and trade restriction in the United States has seriously affected the complementarity of trade and led to the further expansion of the trade balance. Judging from the trade deficit between China and the United States, what China and the United States lack is understanding and trust.