It was not until18811February 4th that Brodsky (185 1- 1929), a Viennese violinist, overcame some technical difficulties in this work, and Adolf Brodsky performed with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra under Liszt for the first time. Unexpectedly, after the performance of the work, bad reviews followed; A Vienna critic at that time attacked: "Smell can be seen in some pictures. After listening to Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's concerto, I realized that there were also musical works that could smell. " What a grotesque criticism and vicious attack! After that, Tchaikovsky fell into a trough again, but Brodsky persevered and continued to play this piece in Moscow and London. His perseverance not only won Chai's gratitude, but also made this masterpiece accepted by the world. Therefore, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky changed the title of this work and dedicated it to brodsky who enthusiastically introduced this work.
Orr is great after all. Later, he changed his attitude and won Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's understanding. He made a slight revision in the solo part and became the standard version today. He not only played this concerto brilliantly many times himself, but also used it to teach his promising students. One of them is Heifetz.
This work combines the positive, lively and enterprising style of the Russian nation, as well as the composer's sentimental and romantic personality. This work was completed in the later period of the composer's creation, and it is the pinnacle of the composer's mature period. It is regarded as the representative work of The Romantic Period's music. Friends who don't know much about classical music can also take this work as an entry-level choice for learning Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky music or The Romantic Period music.
Because this piece of music was inspired by Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's Spanish symphony written by Laro, it is easy to see that they have the idea of * * * communication. This violin concerto is a cheerful, lively and youthful work, which praises youth and life and shows the optimism of the Russian people. At first, this piece of music was quite unpopular with the world, but history finally proved that it was a unique musical masterpiece, which lasted for a long time on the music stage and became the repertoire of many famous violinists.
Sibelius's Violin Concerto in D minor is not only the most profound work of sibelius in content, but also more in line with the tastes of modern fans in technical requirements. There is no doubt that Heifetz has set a standard for the deductive style of this song. Heifetz's demeanor and excitement can't be compared with it. His accurate intonation and profound charm, coupled with the cold and wild handling techniques, give full play to the characteristics of sibelius.
Sibelius's small association was first completed in 1903. After several revisions, it was finally published in 1905 and premiered in Berlin in the same year. This is sibelius's early work and one of the greatest violin music in the world. The author loves Finland's natural scenery and the literary epic of the ancient poet Homer, and this feeling is naturally revealed in this concerto. The theme of music is passionate and full of Finnish flavor. Music gives full play to the performance skills and expressive force of solo violin, and also plays a symphonic role in the creation of the band. The whole work is vivid and picturesque.
Music appreciation:
Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's violin concerto in D major is divided into three movements:
The first movement, Allegro to the Mean, in D major, in 4/4 beats, sonata form. The grand first movement shows the happiness of life. It has a broad atmosphere of Russian folk music and a clear and melodious poetry. In the deep ensemble of the band, the theme of the movement is gradually set off from low to high. The violin solo part is sometimes cheerful and clear, sometimes full of tenderness, and sometimes high and passionate. In the middle of the music, the theme of the first movement was repeated until the climax of the first part, which led to a beautiful violin solo with high technical requirements. Finally, the movement ends with a gorgeous ensemble. The theme of the main part is touching, reflecting the broad and touching atmosphere of Russian songs, as if singing about youth, life and nature.
The second movement, short song, andante, G minor, 3/4 beat, three paragraphs. This movement focuses on the performance of violin solo skills, and its thoughtful lyricism is called "little lyricism" The main melody is soft and harmonious, just like the lingering between lovers, sincere and touching, slightly sad. There seems to be a melodious song in the distance, which makes people smell the fresh breath of nature.
The third movement, finale, Allegro vivacious, in D major, 2/4 beat, Rondo sonata form. The theme makes people feel that the Russian wind is violently impacting, belonging to the Russian folk dance music Trebak. The rhythm is strong and cheerful, just like a picture of people celebrating festivals. From time to time, exciting climaxes appeared, and the whole movement was laid out randomly, cadenced and finally ended with a magnificent concerto.
Sibelius's violin concerto in D minor is also divided into three movements:
The first movement in D minor, Allegro to the Mean, 2/2 beats. The whole movement is like a landscape painting, showing the gloomy northern coast of Finland. The waves kept beating against the coast. At dusk, a bonfire was lit on the shore, and the songs of the bard echoed in the air.
The second movement, Adagio, B flat major, 4/4 time, romantic. The music is slightly melancholy and mysterious, like the author recalling his childhood, playing his beloved violin alone in the wilderness and on the boulder by the sea, and communicating with nature.
The third movement, Allegro not too fast, D major, 3/4 time, Rondo. This piece of music is full of endless vitality, and its composition techniques are gorgeous and colorful. The theme of this piece is called "Polish Polar Bear Dance". The violin solo melody shoots into the night sky again and again like a rocket. When it is intense, sparks burst out, forming endless changes, and the whole movement climaxes and is colorful.
Mozart's Violin Concertos No.4 and No.5
Analysis of Mozart's Violin Concerto Works
summary
The genre of concerto existed as early as the Baroque period, which is called "Grand Concerto", that is, the competition between a few instruments in the band and other instruments. Violin concerto genre was created by Italian violinist and composer Vivaldi, which is actually a small string band work. The violin part has no independent significance, but only plays a connecting role between the whole band.
Since the second half of18th century, with the rapid development of symphony and the continuous improvement of violin playing skills, instrumental concerto has also undergone great changes: its content is more profound, the band is more colorful, and the solo part is more personalized-in this way, it has gradually formed the form of classical concerto. Mozart finally established the paradigm of classical concerto: three movements, that is, fast-slow-fast contrast form. The first movement adopts sonata form based on the opposition and development of two themes, and there should be an impromptu cadenza for solo instruments before the end. The first movement of Mozart's concerto usually has two parts, the first is the basic theme material of the movement presented by the band, and the second is the part of the solo instrument. He particularly emphasized the role of solo voice and extensively developed the technical performance of solo instruments. He put solo instruments on an equal footing with the band, and the solo voice often even forced the band to only play the role of accompaniment, but never "covered" the band. Mozart also added wind music to the band, which increased the intensity and color change of the performance.
However, Mozart's views on the genre of concerto are still limited. He thinks that the concerto is just for pleasing to the eye, and it should not be too difficult to play, and certainly not too easy, because it should be acceptable to musicians and music lovers. Therefore, there is no dramatic conflict and strong passion in Mozart's violin concerto, which is far from Beethoven's tense symphony structure. Here, it is just the crystallization of the brilliant skills of the violin and the sweet Italian voice.
Mozart has six violin concertos, all of which are directly related to his performance as a court violinist in Salzburg. The first five capitals were 1775 in recent months, when he was only 19 years old. From these concertos, it can be clearly seen that he has become more and more proficient in violin techniques and has become more and more strict with his own performance. His last four violin concertos have now become household names, and indeed reached the level of "acceptable to both music experts and music lovers".
Mozart: violin concerto no 4 in d major, K.2 18.
product analysis
First movement: Allegro in D major, 4/4 beats, Variations.
The orchestral accompaniment of this concerto is very concise. Rather than answering the solo violin, it is better to say that the orchestra is only in the solo part. This concerto has taken a new step forward, which is manifested in the author's efforts to expand the voice of violin solo and make it skillful. The first movement of the concerto begins with a powerful theme of summoning, which has the characteristics of a bugle ensemble. In Mozart's time, this ensemble was often called the theme of "army", and its elegant rhythm can also be seen in other Mozart concertos.
The movement is written in the form of variations, and the biggest feature is that there are a lot of complicated and wonderful phrases. It is generally believed that the technical aspects of this concerto are superior to the music itself. Of course, the technique here is not blind abuse, on the contrary, it has become a constant source of power, making the development of the whole music vivid and natural.
The second movement: Andante in A major, 3/4 beats, trilogy and variations.
In this movement, the leading role of violin solo is the most obvious. Different from the adagio movement of his Violin Concerto No.3, it is not a dialogue between the solo violin and the accompaniment band at all, but a real monologue of the solo violin in the background of the band. This is purely Mozart's true feelings.
The third movement: elegant andante-Allegro, but not too fast, in D major, 2/4 beats, Rondo.
In this movement, you can see colorful dance melodies that seem to flash occasionally, which are composed of some accents, decorative notes, interludes and deliberately inverted phrases. The basic theme of Rondo is lightness and beauty, the second theme (03: 00: 29) is very active, and the rhythm of triplet is sharp and bright, which is close to the jig style, in sharp contrast to the previous theme.
These two themes appear twice before and after the movement, and the third theme of the movement (03 paragraph, 03 minutes and 25 seconds) is sandwiched in the middle, so the structure of this Rondo movement is A+b+ A+b+ C+A+b+ A+b+ A+B+A+B.
The third theme of the movement has the characteristics of folk dance music: the melody hovers on a continuous bass (empty string) background, completely imitating the acoustic effect of a folk instrument called bagpipes in the18th century. Imitating the sound of bagpipes is one of the favorite techniques used by French violinists in the 17th and 18th centuries. They often like to use it in their sonatas, and Mozart probably quoted this technique from their sonatas.
Mozart: violin concerto no 5 in a major, K.2 19.
Introduction of works
The first movement: Allegro in A major, 4/4 beats, sonata form.
The fifth concerto is famous for its unique structure. First of all, its first movement is very different from the general sonata allegro movement. At the beginning of the movement, the band played powerful chords, which seemed to be the first push to music. On the background of the vibrato of the second violin and viola, the first violin brought out the theme of the introduction with a clear and powerful voice, and its progress only implied the embryonic form of the first theme of the movement. This introductory theme temporarily unconsciously turns to the elegant and playful second theme (paragraph 04, 00 minutes and 38 seconds).
But the introduction of the band was suddenly interrupted by a "poetic interruption", which was a violin solo. Its expressive melody has the characteristics of recitation, and the first and second violins are accompanied by exquisite accompaniment mode-this is an interlude of Adagio. The solo violin played the passionate and firm first theme (04 paragraph, 02 minutes, 18 seconds) after a long pause, and the movement itself has just officially started.
This movement foreshadows the superb scale of this concerto in terms of the intense development of theme materials and the brilliant effect of orchestration, but Mozart only stays in the "charming" style here, which is manifested in the unique "light" characteristics of his music, clear brushstrokes and the choice of orchestral colors.
The second movement: Adagio, in 2/4 beats, in D major.
The tension and rich feelings in the second movement are worse than those in the adagio movement of the previous concerto. In this adagio movement, Mozart expressed fine and diverse inner activities with profound and powerful instrumental melody. This is the expression of people's enthusiasm and desire for life in Mozart's time.
The third movement: Rondo-minuet speed-Allegro in A major, 3/4 beat, Rondo style.
The theme of the movement is a violin solo, with elegant and delicate melody, with a pretentious and coy mood, which is unique to that era with wigs and hoop skirts. Every new presentation of this dance theme is decorated with the most exquisite melody pattern-the new and new musical motives that sometimes appear in the band and sometimes in the solo violin enrich the development of the theme. Suddenly, a quick episode-the rhythm of two beats in A minor, the national dance music (06: 03: 3 1 sec) as exciting as stepping on a beat-interrupted the original theme, and the pretentious mood in front was gone. Now, the violin seems to have been transferred from dancers to folk improvisers, and the music has also been transferred from aristocratic salons to the mass free world.
This passage is based on the so-called "Turkish music" popular in18th century. It depicts the picture of folk life, which is also one of the foreign music examples that Mozart made many contributions in opera and ballet. However, the so-called oriental color here is not stylized, that is, it is not just the use of those "noisy" percussion instruments. According to some Hungarian musicians, this interlude consisting of five independent melodies was quoted by Mozart from his ballet music itself, and the main melody is one of the earliest records of popular dance music in Hungarian cities.
The scene of folk dance was suddenly interrupted, and now the theme of minuet appeared, which brought the listener back to the charming environment of Rococo style.