First, the sex of many animals in nature is not fixed.
We're not talking about androgyny. For example, our most common eel, Monopterus albus, appears female when it is young, and when it reaches a certain length in adulthood, it will have a sexual reversal, from female to male. Similarly, there are red snapper and so on.
There is also a magical worm-the sea flat worm, which is a hermaphrodite creature. Because being a female parent consumes several times as much energy as being a father, such creatures often decide each other's sex by fighting.
Sea-flat worms in battle
Second, light does not necessarily travel in a straight line.
That is, interference diffraction of light, that is, after light passes through a narrow gap, it presents a vertical stripe on the subsequent screen. Generally speaking, the interference shows equidistant fringes, and the diffraction fringes are not equidistant, so it is needless to say that it is directly on the diagram.
Optical interference diagram, interference fringes with equal spacing.
There is a special diffraction called Poisson bright spot, which is an opaque small disk hit by a laser beam, and there will be a bright spot in the shadow center of the disk projected on the subsequent screen, that is, Poisson bright spot.
The central bright spot is Poisson bright spot.
Third, matter wave.
As mentioned above, the diffraction of light is a phenomenon unique to Porter. Light has various characteristics of wave and particle at the same time, that is, wave-particle duality. According to the theory of matter wave put forward by De Broglie (there must be loopholes in the easy-to-understand explanation here, please don't care), physical particles also fluctuate, that is to say, any microscopic particle is both a particle and a wave. Then the electron beam composed of microscopic electrons can be naturally diffracted (which is also confirmed by experiments).
Matter waves have subverted our previous understanding of matter.
If the above words are not clear enough, the so-called matter wave is said in vernacular Chinese. The position of the elementary particles that make up you and me at a certain point in time is uncertain, but there is a high probability that they will appear somewhere. That is to say, you and I, composed of thousands of Qian Qian particles, may appear anywhere in theory, but overall, our position in the macro world is relatively certain. An interesting sentence: If you have unlimited time and keep bumping into an indestructible wall, maybe you will bump into eternity, and one day you can walk through the wall!
Fourth, the "unobservable experiment"
We have discussed matter waves. The electron beams can interfere with each other through two slits, and the electrons passing through the two slits will make equally spaced marks on the subsequent fluorescent screen. So what if you don't use an electron beam, but emit one electron at a time and emit it back and forth many times? An interesting phenomenon appeared.
If we emit an electron, no matter which one of the two slits it comes from, the other slit is completely empty, and theoretically there will be no interference emission phenomenon-there is no way to interfere with ourselves, which is obvious, then the experimental phenomenon must be two vertical stripes composed of countless light spots.
That was not the case. After numerous launches, clear interference fringes appear on the fluorescent screen, that is, many vertical fringes with equal spacing. This shows that this electron appears in two cracks at the same time and interferes with itself!
Electrons will interfere with themselves.
However, a more magical scene appeared-when scientists installed observation instruments at two joints and then repeated the experiment, the previous magical phenomenon disappeared, leaving only two vertical stripes composed of dots on the screen. Once it is not observed, a single electron will start to interfere with itself again.
This is actually the same principle as Schrodinger's cat. When we don't observe, the electrons are in the superposition state of passing through slot 1 and passing through slot 2. Once observed, this superposition state will collapse and become a certain state.
Schrodinger's cat is in a state of life and death.
We often laugh at "quantum mechanics". In fact, quantum mechanics is by no means metaphysics, but his conclusions are often inconsistent with our common sense.