Abbreviations. Abbreviation is the compression of the original text, which is a writing form that reduces a long article to a short article on the premise that the central idea and main content remain unchanged. Abbreviations play an important role in real life. The introduction of books and periodicals, the synopsis of important articles, and the introduction of film and television dramas are all abbreviations of the original works. So learning abbreviations has great practical value. It is also a good way to train students' comprehensive analysis ability to practice writing articles frequently.

2, the basic requirements of abbreviation:

(1) compresses the original text to shorten its length. How short it is and how many characters are short should also be determined according to specific requirements. Generally speaking, abbreviations cannot exceed one-third of the original words, otherwise abbreviations are meaningless.

(2) We must be faithful to the content and genre of the original text, and we should not write it as a review, but keep the central idea and main content of the original text. In addition, abbreviated articles must be coherent and complete.

(3) While comprehensively and accurately reflecting the content of the original text, we must highlight the central meaning of the original text and not write a running account. That is to say, due to the limitation of the number of words, the abbreviated article may not be as thorough as the original in reasoning, but we should still pay attention to reason; The narrative may not be as vivid as the original, but we should still pay attention to feelings.

(4) Abbreviated articles should be coherent from beginning to end, with natural transition, and cannot be written as paragraph outlines.

3. Different genres of articles have different abbreviations:

(1) In abbreviated narrative, the narrative elements should be clearly explained, the center of the original text should be grasped, the plot of the story should be relatively complete, and the original characteristics of the characters should be maintained. We should be good at intercepting shots and scenes, combining specific description with comprehensive description, general description or explanation, and be good at using various expression techniques flexibly. The abbreviated text should be coherent and complete.

(2) Abbreviation description should pay attention to the center of the original description and the essential characteristics of the description object, and generally arrange the levels according to the writing order of the original text.

(3) In writing an argumentative essay, we should grasp the central argument of the original text, keep the main subordinate arguments (sub-arguments) and important arguments, and reflect the argumentation level of the original text. The abbreviated text should be consistent with the original structure. Abbreviations should be made on the basis of careful reading of the original text. The basic method of abbreviation is to grab the trunk and cut off the branches and leaves.

How to abbreviate sentences

1. Abbreviating a sentence is to remove the "branches and leaves" that play a decorative and restrictive role in the sentence, keep the "trunk" part that makes the meaning of the sentence complete, and simplify the sentence into the simplest sentence. such as

The midday sun shines on the whole forest.

Abbreviation: The sun shines on the Woods.

The original sentence is richer and more specific than the condensed sentence, but the condensed sentence is more concise and more general than the original sentence. This kind of exercise can help us understand the main meaning of more complicated sentences and cultivate our generalization ability in a sense. It can also be used as a method to test whether more complicated sentences are correct.

2. Methods and steps to abbreviate sentences

(1) Read the original sentence carefully and understand its meaning.

(2) Find out the main part of the sentence "who" (what), "what" or "how" (subject, predicate and object), and delete the secondary parts (definite, form and complement).

(3) Check whether it is simplified to the simplest sentence and whether it retains the main meaning of the original sentence.

3. Matters needing attention when writing short sentences

(1) Abbreviated sentences should retain the basic meaning of the original sentence, and the sentence pattern cannot be changed. For example, "My brother has a nice haircut". If it is abbreviated as "my brother is beautiful", it should be abbreviated as "beautiful hairstyle". It is wrong because it changes the original meaning of the sentence.

(2) Remove all the modifiers in the sentence, that is, the so-called branches and leaves, and try not to be a little, but a little. For example, "He told you a detailed story in great detail." It should be abbreviated as "the story he told." If it is abbreviated as "he told everyone what happened." Or "He told this story." All abbreviations are incomplete, incomplete and incorrect. But some special sentences can't delete all the "branches and leaves". For example, "My classmate Chen's mother turned out to be the sister of my neighbor Uncle Wang." It should be abbreviated as "Chen's mother is uncle Wang's sister." If it is abbreviated as "mother is sister", it will become a joke, so what kind of branches and leaves to remove depends on the content of the sentence.

(3) The negative words such as "no, no, no" in the sentence should be kept when the sentence is abbreviated, and cannot be removed, otherwise the original intention of the sentence may be reversed. For example, "I didn't find the bag containing the books in the house" should be abbreviated as "I didn't find the bag". If you remove "no", it will become "I found the bag", which is quite different from the original sentence. This is a big mistake.

(4) The modal particles such as "zhe, le, guo" after the predicate and "ah, mo, ya, ni" after the object in the sentence should be kept. If removed, the structure, sentence pattern, tone and emotion of the sentence may be changed. For example, "the calm water suddenly ripples." It can be abbreviated as "water is rippling". Another example is "the heavy rain last night was really a timely rain!" It can be abbreviated as "this heavy rain is timely!" Only in this way can the original sentence and the abbreviated sentence be consistent in emotion and tone.