There are three Zou Zi in Qi State. One is Zou Ji, who used the piano to inquire for Qi Weiwang. Later, he participated in state affairs and became prime minister. He lived before Mencius.
The second is Zou Yan, born after Mencius. Zou Yan witnessed that the governors who held the power of a country became more and more extravagant, and could not advocate virtue, unlike the Book of Songs, which required that they should act first and then be extended to the people. So I deeply observed the ups and downs of everything, and described the strange and mysterious changes such as "The End of the Road" and "The Great Sage" with hundreds of words. His words are vast, absurd and unreasonable. We must start with the verification of small things, and then expand to big things, even to infinity. Starting from today, and then pushing forward to the era of the Yellow Emperor, scholars are saying. Then, according to the ups and downs of generations, record the bad luck system of different generations, and then push it far from the Yellow Emperor era until heaven and earth did not appear. It is really deep and mysterious, and it can't be traced back to its origin. He first listed China's famous mountains, rivers, long valleys, animals, water and soil, and all kinds of the most precious things, and then spread them to places that overseas people could not see at all. He said that since ancient times, the five virtues of gold, wood, water, fire and earth have coexisted, and the replacement of emperors in past dynasties also coincides with it. Heaven is auspicious, so is the correspondence of human resources. He thinks that China, as Confucianism said, is only one-eighty-first of the world. China is called "Chixian Shenzhou". Within Chixian Shenzhou, there is Kyushu, which is the nine states arranged in sequence in Yu Xia, but it cannot be counted as the total number of states. Outside China, there are nine places like Chixian Shenzhou. This is the so-called Kyushu, which is surrounded by small seas. People and animals can't communicate with other States, like an independent region. This is a state. * * * like this, there are nine States, and there is a sea ring outside, on the edge of heaven and earth. Zou Yan's theories are all related to this kind. But to sum up its essence, we must all boil down to benevolence, righteousness and thrift, which is implemented among the monarch, the minister and the six relatives, but the narrative at the beginning is really rampant. When the maharaja first saw his theory, he was surprised, which led him to think and be influenced, but later he could not implement it.
Therefore, Zou Yan is highly respected in Qi. When he arrived in Wei, Liang Wanghui met Gao Ying at a distance and went with him out of courtesy of both sides. When he arrived in Zhao, Ping Yuanjun accompanied him sideways and personally tried his seat. When he arrived in Yan State, Yan Zhaowang took a broom to clear the way for him and asked him to sit on his disciple's seat and learn from him. He also built the Jieshi Palace for him and personally worshipped him as a teacher. He wrote the article "Main Luck". Zou Yan's trip around the world won such an honor, just as Cai Chen in Kong Qiu was short of food and Monk was in trouble. Once upon a time, I used benevolence and righteousness to crusade against Yin He and dominate the world. Boyi would rather starve to death than eat the grain of Zhou Dynasty. Wei Linggong asked the battle phalanx, but Confucius didn't answer; King Hui of Liang wanted to attack Zhao, but Monk praised Wang Tai's deeds of leaving the country. Are these celebrities' actions intended to cater to the secular world and please their hosts? How can you put a square tenon into a round tenon? Some people say that Yi Yin lifted the tripod to cook soup, but he encouraged soup to be king. As a result, soup unified the world; Prissy fed the cows under the car, and Qin Mugong appointed him, thus dominating the princes. Their approach is to appeal to the master's wishes first, and then guide the master to the aboveboard road. Zou Yan's words, though irrational, may have the meaning of Yi Yin's negative tripod and a hundred meters of cattle?
Many bachelors from Zou Yan to Qi, such as Chunyu Kun (kūn, Kun), Shen Dao, Yuan Huan, Jie Zi, Tian Pian, and others, have written books to talk about the rise and fall of the country and win the trust of the monarch. How do you say these?
Chunyu Kun is from Qi. Well-informed, better than memory, academics are not exclusive to one family. From his advice to the king, it seems that he admires Yan Ying for daring to speak and remonstrate. However, in fact, he specializes in observing faces and colors and trying to figure out the owner's mind. On one occasion, a guest recommended Chunyu Kun to Liang Huiwang. King Hui called out his attendants and sat alone to meet him twice, but he didn't say a word. King Hui thought it was very strange, so he scolded the guests and said, "You praised Mr. Chunyu, saying that even Guan Zhong and Yan Ying couldn't catch up with him. I got nothing when he met me. Don't I deserve to talk to him? What is the reason? " The guest told Chunyu Kun what King Hui said. Chunyu Kun said, "Originally. The last time I saw the king, his mind was on the horse; The next time I saw the king, his mind was focused on the melody: so I was silent. " The guest reported all Chunyu Kun's words to Hui Wang. Hui Wang was greatly surprised and said, "Oh, Mr. Chunyu is really a saint! Last time Mr. Chun Yu came, a man presented a good horse. Before I had time to take pictures, Mr. Chunyu just came. The next time I came, another person introduced a geisha. Before I had time to try, I met teacher Chun Yu. When I met Mr. Chun Yu, I drank all the attendants around me, but I was thinking about Ma and Ge Ji in my heart. This is the case. " Later, Chunyu Kun met King Hui, and they talked intently for three days and nights without getting tired. King Hui intended to seal Chunyu Kun's office, but Chunyu Kun politely refused and left. At that time, King Hui gave him a beautiful car, four horses, five silks and jade, and hundreds of gold. Chunyu Kun has never been an official.
Shen Dao is from Zhao. Tian pian and meson are self-contained. Yuan Huan is from the State of Chu. They all studied the moral theories of Huangdi and Laozi and expounded the significance of Huang Lao's theory. Therefore, they all have works, including twelve by Shen Dao, the first and second by Yuan Huan, and the works by Tian Pian and meson.
Zou Xuan, one of several Zou Zi in Qi, wrote articles with Zou Yan's theory.
At that time, the King of Qi appreciated these bachelors very much, and appointed all the people below Chunyu Kun as column doctors, and built houses, halls and big houses beside the busy roads to show respect and preference. This can attract guests from various vassal States and publicize that Qi State can best recruit talents from all over the world.
It's Zhao. At the age of fifty, I came to Qi to lobby and give lectures. Zou Yan's theory is tortuous, exaggerated and empty; Zou Xuan's article is complete and thorough, but it is difficult to implement; Chunyu Kun, if he gets along with him for a long time, will often learn some incisive remarks. Therefore, the people of Qi praised them and said, "It is Zou Yan who talks a lot, is meticulously crafted and smart, and is Chunyu Kun who talks a lot." Tian Pian and others all died during the reign of King Qixiang, when Xun Qing was the oldest and most experienced master. At that time, Qi was still making up for the shortage of doctors, and Xun Qing served as the master of Xia Ji bachelor's wine offering for three times. Later, when someone slandered Xun Qing in the State of Qi, Xun Qing went to the State of Chu, and Chun Shen Jun made him the Lanling Order. After the death of Chun Shen Jun, he was dismissed from office and settled in Lanling. Li Si was his student and later served as prime minister in the Qin Dynasty. Xun Qing hated the dark politics in troubled times, and confused monarchs appeared one after another. They are unfamiliar with common sense, but they are confused by the strange witch's wishes. They believe in praying to God for disaster, and vulgar and humble Confucian scholars are bound by trivial etiquette. In addition, Zhuang Zhou and others were cunning and argumentative, corrupting customs, so they speculated on the success or failure of Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism, and wrote tens of thousands of words several times. Buried in Lanling after death.
At that time, there was another Gong Sunlong in Zhao, who argued with Hui Shi's theory of "about difference" with the theory of "separation from firmness", in addition to his works on drama; Li Kui once lived in Wei, and he put forward the idea of encouraging farming to maximize soil fertility. In the past, there were corpses and Lu Along in Chu, and Xu Zi in East Qi. From Mencius to Xu Zi, many of their works have been handed down all over the world, so I won't elaborate on the contents of these works.
Mo Zhai, a doctor in Song Dynasty, was good at defensive tactics and advocated cost saving. Some people say that he is contemporary with Confucius, while others say that he is behind Confucius.